Police shootings, violent crime, race and socio-economic factors in municipalities in the United States of America

IF 1.1 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI:10.1002/cbm.2333

Howard Henderson, Jennifer Wyatt Bourgeois, Sven Smith, Christopher J. Ferguson, Juan Barthelemy

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Abstract

Background

Both police shootings and violent crime remain high in the United States of America compared to other developed nations but debates continue about whether race, mental health or other social factors are related to them.

Aims

Our aim was to test relationships between community factors indicative of socio-economic status, racial demographics, police shootings, and violent crime.

Methods

Data on police shootings, violent crime and community sociodemographic factors were drawn from two publicly accessible datasets: health and police records of 100 US municipalities and relationships between them explored using regression analyses.

Results

Data were from the 100 largest US municipalities as designated by the mapping police violence database. The median per capital violent crime rate was 5.94 and median killings by police per 10 thousand arrests was 13.7. Violent crime was found to be related mainly to income inequality and lower academic achievement in the community. Race was unrelated to violent crime after controlling for other factors. Police shootings were found to be related to community level mental health concerns, food insecurity and the municipality's violent crime rate.

Conclusion

The evidence suggests that socio-economic factors are the primary drivers of both violent crime perpetration and police shootings. Policy approaches aimed at improving education and reducing poverty are likely to mitigate both violent crime and police shootings. However, it is important to recognise that being Black is an indicator of particular disadvantage within this context. This underscores the need for comprehensive strategies that address the systemic issues of racial disparities and socio-economic inequality, while also acknowledging the complex interplay of race, poverty and policing in the context of violent crime and police shootings.

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美国各城市的警察枪击案、暴力犯罪、种族和社会经济因素。

背景：与其他发达国家相比，美国警察枪击案和暴力犯罪居高不下，但关于种族、心理健康或其他社会因素是否与之相关的争论仍在继续。目的：我们的目的是检验表明社会经济地位、种族人口统计、警察枪击案和暴力犯罪的社区因素之间的关系：有关警察枪击案、暴力犯罪和社区社会人口因素的数据来自两个可公开获取的数据集：美国 100 个城市的卫生和警察记录，并使用回归分析探讨了它们之间的关系：结果：数据来自警察暴力绘图数据库指定的美国最大的 100 个城市。每首都暴力犯罪率的中位数为 5.94，每 10,000 次逮捕中警察杀人案件的中位数为 13.7。研究发现，暴力犯罪主要与收入不平等和社区学术成就较低有关。在控制了其他因素后，种族与暴力犯罪无关。研究发现，警察枪击案与社区层面的心理健康问题、粮食不安全以及该市的暴力犯罪率有关：证据表明，社会经济因素是暴力犯罪和警察枪击案的主要驱动因素。旨在改善教育和减少贫困的政策措施可能会减轻暴力犯罪和警察枪击事件。然而，重要的是要认识到，在这种情况下，黑人是一个特别不利的指标。这就强调需要制定全面的战略，解决种族差异和社会经济不平等的系统性问题，同时也承认在暴力犯罪和警察枪击事件中种族、贫困和警务工作之间复杂的相互作用。

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来源期刊

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health Multiple-

CiteScore

1.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health – CBMH – aims to publish original material on any aspect of the relationship between mental state and criminal behaviour. Thus, we are interested in mental mechanisms associated with offending, regardless of whether the individual concerned has a mental disorder or not. We are interested in factors that influence such relationships, and particularly welcome studies about pathways into and out of crime. These will include studies of normal and abnormal development, of mental disorder and how that may lead to offending for a subgroup of sufferers, together with information about factors which mediate such a relationship.