Rage against the machine? Framing societal threat and efficacy in YouTube videos about artificial intelligence.

IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-16 DOI:10.1111/risa.14299
Andreas Schwarz, Janina Jacqueline Unselt
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Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a part of the mainstream public discourse beyond expert communities about its risks, benefits, and need for regulation. In particular, since 2014, the news media have intensified their coverage of this emerging technology and its potential impact on most domains of society. Although many studies have analyzed traditional media coverage of AI, analyses of social media, especially video-sharing platforms, are rare. In addition, research from a risk communication perspective remains scarce, despite the widely recognized potential threats to society from many AI applications. This study aims to detect recurring patterns of societal threat/efficacy in YouTube videos, analyze their main sources, and compare detected frames in terms of reach and response. Using a theoretical framework combining framing and risk communication, the study analyzed the societal threat/efficacy attributed to AI in easily accessible YouTube videos published in a year when public attention to AI temporarily peaked (2018). Four dominant AI frames were identified: the balanced frame, the high-efficacy frame, the high-threat frame, and the no-threat frame. The balanced and no-threat frames were the most prevalent, with predominantly positive and neutral AI narratives that neither adequately address the risks nor the necessary societal response from a normative risk communication perspective. The results revealed the specific risks and benefits of AI that are most frequently addressed. Video views and user engagement with AI videos were analyzed. Recommendations for effective AI risk communication and implications for risk governance were derived from the results.

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对机器的愤怒?YouTube人工智能视频中的社会威胁和功效框架。
人工智能(AI)的风险、益处和监管需求已成为专家群体之外主流公共讨论的一部分。特别是自 2014 年以来,新闻媒体加强了对这一新兴技术及其对社会大多数领域潜在影响的报道。虽然许多研究分析了传统媒体对人工智能的报道,但对社交媒体,尤其是视频共享平台的分析却很少见。此外,尽管许多人工智能应用对社会的潜在威胁已得到广泛认可,但从风险沟通角度进行的研究仍然很少。本研究旨在检测 YouTube 视频中反复出现的社会威胁/效应模式,分析其主要来源,并比较检测到的框架在传播范围和响应方面的情况。本研究采用了一个结合框架和风险沟通的理论框架,分析了在公众对人工智能的关注度暂时达到顶峰的一年(2018 年)中发布的、容易获取的 YouTube 视频中归因于人工智能的社会威胁/效能。研究确定了四种占主导地位的人工智能框架:平衡框架、高效力框架、高威胁框架和无威胁框架。平衡框架和无威胁框架最为普遍,主要是正面和中性的人工智能叙事,从规范性风险交流的角度来看,它们既没有充分应对风险,也没有采取必要的社会应对措施。研究结果揭示了人工智能最常涉及的具体风险和益处。对人工智能视频的浏览量和用户参与度进行了分析。根据研究结果,提出了有效进行人工智能风险交流的建议以及对风险治理的影响。
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来源期刊
Risk Analysis
Risk Analysis 数学-数学跨学科应用
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
10.50%
发文量
183
审稿时长
4.2 months
期刊介绍: Published on behalf of the Society for Risk Analysis, Risk Analysis is ranked among the top 10 journals in the ISI Journal Citation Reports under the social sciences, mathematical methods category, and provides a focal point for new developments in the field of risk analysis. This international peer-reviewed journal is committed to publishing critical empirical research and commentaries dealing with risk issues. The topics covered include: • Human health and safety risks • Microbial risks • Engineering • Mathematical modeling • Risk characterization • Risk communication • Risk management and decision-making • Risk perception, acceptability, and ethics • Laws and regulatory policy • Ecological risks.
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