Gender Bias in Perceptions of Military Leaders: Hostile Sexism Moderates Men’s Evaluations of Faces

IF 3 2区社会学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI:10.1007/s11199-024-01462-5

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Abstract

In this study, we examined the role of dispositional sexism in male service academy cadets' evaluations of military leadership potential for sexually dimorphic male and female faces, with a particular focus on the impact of hostile sexism. Male cadets (N = 224) rated eight pairs of masculinized and feminized faces on 14 characteristics relevant to Army leadership and completed a measure of hostile and benevolent sexism. We tested a 2 (sex of face: male, female) × 2 (gender of face: masculine, feminine) × 2 (type of sexism: hostile, benevolent) × 2 (level of sexism: low, high) mixed model ANOVA with the first two variables as within subjects and the last two variables as between subjects and using composite leadership potential ratings as the dependent variable. Results indicated a significant three-way interaction between sex of face, gender of face, and levels of hostile (but not benevolent) sexism, whereby participants with elevated levels of antipathy towards women reported the least positive perceptions of military leadership potential for women with masculine facial features. These findings underscore the importance of addressing hostile sexism in military training and leadership development programs to promote equality and inclusion.

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军事领导人认知中的性别偏见：敌意性别歧视调节男性对面孔的评价

摘要在这项研究中，我们考察了处置性性别歧视在男性军校学员对性别二形化的男性和女性面孔的军事领导潜力评价中所起的作用，并特别关注了敌意性别歧视的影响。男性学员（N = 224）对八对男性化和女性化面孔的 14 个与军队领导力相关的特征进行了评分，并完成了敌意和善意性别歧视的测量。我们进行了 2（面孔性别：男性、女性）×2（面孔性别：男性、女性）×2（性别歧视类型：敌意、善意）×2（性别歧视程度：低、高）混合模型方差分析，前两个变量为受试者内部变量，后两个变量为受试者之间变量，并使用综合领导潜能评级作为因变量。结果表明，脸部性别、脸部性别和敌意（而非善意）性别歧视程度之间存在明显的三方交互作用，其中对女性反感程度较高的受试者对具有男性面部特征的女性的军事领导潜力的看法最不积极。这些发现强调了在军事训练和领导力发展项目中解决敌意性别歧视问题以促进平等和包容的重要性。

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来源期刊

Sex Roles Multiple-

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

5.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： Sex Roles: A Journal of Research is a global, multidisciplinary, scholarly, social and behavioral science journal with a feminist perspective. It publishes original research reports as well as original theoretical papers and conceptual review articles that explore how gender organizes people’s lives and their surrounding worlds, including gender identities, belief systems, representations, interactions, relations, organizations, institutions, and statuses. The range of topics covered is broad and dynamic, including but not limited to the study of gendered attitudes, stereotyping, and sexism; gendered contexts, culture, and power; the intersections of gender with race, class, sexual orientation, age, and other statuses and identities; body image; violence; gender (including masculinities) and feminist identities; human sexuality; communication studies; work and organizations; gendered development across the life span or life course; mental, physical, and reproductive health and health care; sports; interpersonal relationships and attraction; activism and social change; economic, political, and legal inequities; and methodological challenges and innovations in doing gender research.