How a general vulnerability for psychopathology during adolescence manifests in young adults' daily lives

IF 6.5 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-03-17 DOI:10.1111/jcpp.13953

Robin N. Groen, Johanna T. W. Wigman, Melissa Vos, Marieke J. Schreuder, Marieke Wichers, Catharina A. Hartman

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Abstract

Background

There is widespread interest in the general factor of psychopathology or ‘p factor’, which has been proposed to reflect vulnerability to psychopathology. We examined to what extent this ‘vulnerability’ is associated with dysregulations in affect and behavior that occur in daily life. As such we hoped to provide an account of how this vulnerability may be maintained.

Methods

We used data from the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS; N = 2,772) collected at ages 11, 14, 16, 19, and 22 years to fit a bifactor model with a general psychopathology factor, alongside internalizing, externalizing (EXT), attention-deficit/hyperactivity, and autism spectrum problem domains. Following the fifth TRAILS assessment, a subsample of participants (n = 133, age = 22.6, 43% women) with heightened risk for psychopathology completed a 6-month daily diary protocol with one assessment each day. Using a dynamic structural equation approach, we examined to what extent mean intensity, variability, inertia, and within-day co-occurrence of EXT, anxious–tense, and depressed–withdrawn affects and behaviors were associated with general factor scores.

Results

Unexpectedly, higher general factor scores were not associated with higher mean intensity of any of the three types of daily negative affects and behaviors, but were associated with higher variability and less carryover (inertia) EXT affects and behaviors.

Conclusions

We showed that individual differences in general factor scores do not manifest as differences in average levels of daily affects and behaviors, but instead were related to a type of EXT reactivity to the environment. Future research is necessary to investigate whether reactive irritable moods may be involved in or signal vulnerability sustained psychopathology.

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青少年时期普遍易患心理疾病的特点如何在青少年的日常生活中表现出来。

背景：精神病理学的一般因素或 "P因素 "受到广泛关注，它被认为反映了精神病理学的易感性。我们研究了这种 "易感性 "在多大程度上与日常生活中出现的情感和行为失调有关。因此，我们希望了解这种脆弱性是如何维持的：我们利用在 11、14、16、19 和 22 岁时收集的青少年个人生活追踪调查（TRAILS；N = 2,772 ）数据，拟合了一个包含一般心理病理学因素以及内化、外化（EXT）、注意力缺陷/多动和自闭症谱系问题领域的双因素模型。在第五次 TRAILS 评估之后，有心理病理学高风险的参与者（n = 133，年龄 = 22.6，43% 为女性）完成了为期 6 个月的每日日记方案，每天进行一次评估。我们采用动态结构方程法，研究了EXT、焦虑紧张和抑郁焦虑情绪和行为的平均强度、变异性、惯性和日内共存程度与一般因子得分的相关性：出乎意料的是，综合因子得分越高，三种日常负面情绪和行为的平均强度就越高，但变异性就越高，EXT 情绪和行为的延续（惯性）就越少：我们的研究表明，一般因子得分的个体差异并不表现为日常影响和行为平均水平的差异，而是与一种 EXT 对环境的反应性有关。今后有必要开展研究，探讨反应性暴躁情绪是否可能与持续的精神病理学有关，或者是否是精神病理学脆弱性的信号。

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来源期刊

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

13.80

自引率

5.30%

发文量

169

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (JCPP) is a highly regarded international publication that focuses on the fields of child and adolescent psychology and psychiatry. It is recognized for publishing top-tier, clinically relevant research across various disciplines related to these areas. JCPP has a broad global readership and covers a diverse range of topics, including: Epidemiology: Studies on the prevalence and distribution of mental health issues in children and adolescents. Diagnosis: Research on the identification and classification of childhood disorders. Treatments: Psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions for child and adolescent mental health. Behavior and Cognition: Studies on the behavioral and cognitive aspects of childhood disorders. Neuroscience and Neurobiology: Research on the neural and biological underpinnings of child mental health. Genetics: Genetic factors contributing to the development of childhood disorders. JCPP serves as a platform for integrating empirical research, clinical studies, and high-quality reviews from diverse perspectives, theoretical viewpoints, and disciplines. This interdisciplinary approach is a key feature of the journal, as it fosters a comprehensive understanding of child and adolescent mental health. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry is published 12 times a year and is affiliated with the Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (ACAMH), which supports the journal's mission to advance knowledge and practice in the field of child and adolescent mental health.