BACKGROUNDAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder marked by persistent patterns of inattention, disorganization, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Increasing evidence implicates immune-inflammatory processes in its etiology, with observed associations between ADHD and infectious diseases, allergic conditions, and recent findings involving SARS-CoV-2. This study investigated whether early-life inflammatory markers, as measured by routine complete blood counts (CBCs) in clinically healthy 1-year-old children, were associated with subsequent diagnoses of ADHD.METHODSA retrospective case-control study was conducted using electronic medical records from Leumit Health Services, encompassing children under 18 years between January 1, 2006, and June 30, 2021. The sample included children who underwent routine CBC testing at age one during a well-child visit, without signs of acute illness. ADHD cases were identified based on ICD-9/10 criteria. Controls, free of any ADHD diagnosis, were randomly selected at a 1:2 ratio and matched for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and cultural sector. Analyses included white blood cell (WBC) subtypes and platelet counts, with the calculation of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR).RESULTSChildren who were subsequently diagnosed with ADHD demonstrated statistically significant elevated total WBC counts at age one, including higher neutrophil, eosinophil, and lymphocyte levels, and lower basophil counts compared to matched controls (all p < .05). No significant differences were observed in PLR between groups.CONCLUSIONSElevated inflammatory markers were detectable in clinically healthy 1-year-old children who were later diagnosed with ADHD. These findings suggest a potential preclinical inflammatory phenotype linked to ADHD risk, highlighting the need for further investigation into early immune dysregulation as a contributing factor in ADHD pathophysiology. Early identification of such biomarkers may inform preventive strategies and targeted interventions in high-risk pediatric populations.
{"title":"The association between inflammatory markers in routine blood counts at 1 year and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A case-control study.","authors":"Eugene Merzon,Ariel Israel,Shelly Salminis-Linzen,Eli Magen,Akim Geishin,Shlomo Vinker,Ilan Green,Avivit Golan-Cohen,Shai Ashkenazi,Stephen V Faraone,Abraham Weizman,Iris Manor","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70147","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder marked by persistent patterns of inattention, disorganization, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Increasing evidence implicates immune-inflammatory processes in its etiology, with observed associations between ADHD and infectious diseases, allergic conditions, and recent findings involving SARS-CoV-2. This study investigated whether early-life inflammatory markers, as measured by routine complete blood counts (CBCs) in clinically healthy 1-year-old children, were associated with subsequent diagnoses of ADHD.METHODSA retrospective case-control study was conducted using electronic medical records from Leumit Health Services, encompassing children under 18 years between January 1, 2006, and June 30, 2021. The sample included children who underwent routine CBC testing at age one during a well-child visit, without signs of acute illness. ADHD cases were identified based on ICD-9/10 criteria. Controls, free of any ADHD diagnosis, were randomly selected at a 1:2 ratio and matched for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and cultural sector. Analyses included white blood cell (WBC) subtypes and platelet counts, with the calculation of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR).RESULTSChildren who were subsequently diagnosed with ADHD demonstrated statistically significant elevated total WBC counts at age one, including higher neutrophil, eosinophil, and lymphocyte levels, and lower basophil counts compared to matched controls (all p < .05). No significant differences were observed in PLR between groups.CONCLUSIONSElevated inflammatory markers were detectable in clinically healthy 1-year-old children who were later diagnosed with ADHD. These findings suggest a potential preclinical inflammatory phenotype linked to ADHD risk, highlighting the need for further investigation into early immune dysregulation as a contributing factor in ADHD pathophysiology. Early identification of such biomarkers may inform preventive strategies and targeted interventions in high-risk pediatric populations.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147483467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anne Mari Høgetveit,Esther Tamara Canrinus,Enrica Donolato,Monica Melby-Lervåg
BACKGROUNDLanguage is an essential skill for learning and academic achievement; therefore, children with developmental language disorder (DLD) are at risk for learning difficulties. Previous research has indicated a higher prevalence of mathematical difficulties in children with DLD compared to control children without such difficulties. However, the extent to which DLD and mathematical difficulties co-occur, as well as the nature of the difficulties, remains unclear.METHODSWe performed a meta-analysis of 30 studies examining the mathematical skills of children with DLD compared to controls and examined moderators related to children's age, cognitive abilities, mathematical domains, diagnostic status, and publication type.RESULTSChildren with DLD performed approximately 1 SD (Hedges' g = -1.03) below age-matched controls in mathematics. Group differences were moderated by the type of mathematical task, with children with DLD being more impaired in arithmetic, counting, word problems, and composite math skills than in tasks evaluating Arabic number knowledge and magnitude judgment. There was a small-study effect, but publication bias was not confirmed.CONCLUSIONSChildren with DLD perform considerably more poorly than controls in mathematics and are at a high risk of mathematical difficulties. This supports the notion that these children have a complex profile of difficulties.
{"title":"Research Review: Mathematical skills in children with developmental language disorder - a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Anne Mari Høgetveit,Esther Tamara Canrinus,Enrica Donolato,Monica Melby-Lervåg","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70138","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDLanguage is an essential skill for learning and academic achievement; therefore, children with developmental language disorder (DLD) are at risk for learning difficulties. Previous research has indicated a higher prevalence of mathematical difficulties in children with DLD compared to control children without such difficulties. However, the extent to which DLD and mathematical difficulties co-occur, as well as the nature of the difficulties, remains unclear.METHODSWe performed a meta-analysis of 30 studies examining the mathematical skills of children with DLD compared to controls and examined moderators related to children's age, cognitive abilities, mathematical domains, diagnostic status, and publication type.RESULTSChildren with DLD performed approximately 1 SD (Hedges' g = -1.03) below age-matched controls in mathematics. Group differences were moderated by the type of mathematical task, with children with DLD being more impaired in arithmetic, counting, word problems, and composite math skills than in tasks evaluating Arabic number knowledge and magnitude judgment. There was a small-study effect, but publication bias was not confirmed.CONCLUSIONSChildren with DLD perform considerably more poorly than controls in mathematics and are at a high risk of mathematical difficulties. This supports the notion that these children have a complex profile of difficulties.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147483471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This commentary highlights the contributions of Nivison et al.'s (2026) umbrella meta-analysis synthesizing five decades of research on sensitive caregiving and child development. Integrating findings from numerous meta-analyses, the authors demonstrate that caregiver sensitivity is meaningfully associated with multiple domains of child development. Notably, associations with cognitive and language development are at least as large as those with attachment security and behavior problems, expanding traditional conceptualizations of sensitivity's developmental significance. The findings further indicate substantial consistency across child, parent, and family demographic characteristics, while suggesting amplified benefits in socioeconomically disadvantaged contexts. This commentary underscores key gaps in the literature, including the need for meta-analytic investigations of children's peer competence, self-regulation, and physical health outcomes, as well as the need for refined measurement of caregiving dimensions. Although causal inferences require randomized intervention evidence, the synthesis provides compelling support for sensitive caregiving as a central determinant of healthy development and offers a roadmap for future research and policy.
{"title":"Synthesizing five decades of research on sensitive caregiving: A commentary on Nivison et al. (2026).","authors":"K Lee Raby","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70146","url":null,"abstract":"This commentary highlights the contributions of Nivison et al.'s (2026) umbrella meta-analysis synthesizing five decades of research on sensitive caregiving and child development. Integrating findings from numerous meta-analyses, the authors demonstrate that caregiver sensitivity is meaningfully associated with multiple domains of child development. Notably, associations with cognitive and language development are at least as large as those with attachment security and behavior problems, expanding traditional conceptualizations of sensitivity's developmental significance. The findings further indicate substantial consistency across child, parent, and family demographic characteristics, while suggesting amplified benefits in socioeconomically disadvantaged contexts. This commentary underscores key gaps in the literature, including the need for meta-analytic investigations of children's peer competence, self-regulation, and physical health outcomes, as well as the need for refined measurement of caregiving dimensions. Although causal inferences require randomized intervention evidence, the synthesis provides compelling support for sensitive caregiving as a central determinant of healthy development and offers a roadmap for future research and policy.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147471743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Persistence of childhood ADHD symptoms into adolescence and adulthood is common. However, persistence is not simply a continuation of early high severity ADHD. Rather, it is the product of influences from individual-level genetic liability, one's environmental context, and their interplay. The field has often focused on cross-sectional ADHD severity and genetic load. However, environments - such as one's socioeconomic context - exert their own influence over development independently of genetics, as well as modulate genetic influences. Importantly, these genetic and environmental effects vary significantly between inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptom domains, emphasizing the need to consider these domains separately when studying persistence risk. This article outlines a unifying persistence framework reflecting the changing contributions of genes, environmental context, and their interaction over time, offering a path to a more complete understanding of risk for symptom persistence.
{"title":"Editorial: ADHD persistence - the interplay of genes, socioeconomic context, and symptom domains over development.","authors":"Phoebe Thomson,Divyangana Rakesh","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70150","url":null,"abstract":"Persistence of childhood ADHD symptoms into adolescence and adulthood is common. However, persistence is not simply a continuation of early high severity ADHD. Rather, it is the product of influences from individual-level genetic liability, one's environmental context, and their interplay. The field has often focused on cross-sectional ADHD severity and genetic load. However, environments - such as one's socioeconomic context - exert their own influence over development independently of genetics, as well as modulate genetic influences. Importantly, these genetic and environmental effects vary significantly between inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptom domains, emphasizing the need to consider these domains separately when studying persistence risk. This article outlines a unifying persistence framework reflecting the changing contributions of genes, environmental context, and their interaction over time, offering a path to a more complete understanding of risk for symptom persistence.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147471697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDGiven the high prevalence of mental illnesses in adolescents, there is an urgent need for effective prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the school-based internet intervention StresSOS for the universal prevention of mental illnesses in youth.METHODSA two-arm, randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants were recruited from schools across five regions of Germany. Young people between the ages of 12 and 25 years without mental health problems were invited to the trial and randomly assigned to StresSOS or to the attention placebo control condition, stratified by sex. Participants in both conditions received eight web-based sessions with information and exercises and weekly e-mail teasers about program content and a monitoring survey. StresSOS comprised content on life skills, particularly stress management and mental health literacy, and the control condition content comprised healthy nutrition. The primary outcome was self-reported mental health status at a 12-month follow-up. Intention-to-treat analyses were calculated. The trial was preregistered with the German Register of Clinical Trials (DRKS00014693, see https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00014693).RESULTSA total of 5,268 eligible students were invited to participate, 2,327 (44%) activated their account and were randomized to StresSOS (n = 1,154) or to the control condition (n = 1,173). Due to COVID-19-related school closures, 1,209 were lost to follow-up, and data from 1,118 students were analyzed (535 in StresSOS and 583 in the control group). Participation in StresSOS led to significantly reduced incidences of emerging mental health problems at the 12-month follow-up (controls: n = 162 [28%] 'with problems'; StresSOS: n = 113 [21%] 'with problems'; OR 0.70, 95% CI [0.52, 0.92], p = .01).CONCLUSIONSStresSOS was effective in universally preventing the onset of mental health problems, with a small effect. Internet interventions have the potential to contribute to a reduction of the disease burden in young people.
鉴于青少年精神疾病的高患病率，迫切需要有效的预防策略。本研究旨在评估以学校为基础的网络干预对青少年精神疾病的普遍预防作用。方法采用两组随机对照试验。参与者是从德国五个地区的学校招募的。年龄在12岁到25岁之间，没有精神健康问题的年轻人被邀请参加试验，并按性别随机分配到压力sos组或注意力安慰剂对照组。这两种情况下的参与者都接受了8个基于网络的课程，包括信息和练习，以及每周关于项目内容的电子邮件预告和一项监测调查。压力sos包括生活技能内容，特别是压力管理和心理健康素养，控制条件内容包括健康营养。主要结果是在12个月的随访中自我报告的心理健康状况。计算意向治疗分析。该试验在德国临床试验注册中心（DRKS00014693，见https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00014693）.RESULTSA)进行了预注册，共有5268名符合条件的学生被邀请参加，2327名（44%）激活了他们的账户，并随机分配到应激sos组（n = 1154）或对照组（n = 1173）。由于与covid -19相关的学校关闭，1209人无法随访，并分析了1118名学生的数据（应激组535名，对照组583名）。在12个月的随访中，参与应激sos显著降低了新出现的精神健康问题的发生率（对照组：n = 162[28%]“有问题”；应激sos: n = 113[21%]“有问题”；OR 0.70, 95% CI [0.52, 0.92], p = 0.01）。结论应激急救对预防心理健康问题的发生具有普遍效果，但效果较小。互联网干预措施有可能有助于减轻年轻人的疾病负担。
{"title":"Effectiveness of the school-based internet intervention StresSOS for the prevention of mental health problems in young people: a randomized controlled trial as part of the ProHEAD consortium.","authors":"Laya Lehner,Vera Gillé,Markus Moessner,Sabrina Baldofski,Stephanie Bauer,Katja Becker,Silke Diestelkamp,Alisa Hiery,Michael Kaess,Julian Koenig,Sophia Lustig,Christine Rummel-Kluge,Rainer Thomasius,Heike Eschenbeck, ","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70145","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDGiven the high prevalence of mental illnesses in adolescents, there is an urgent need for effective prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the school-based internet intervention StresSOS for the universal prevention of mental illnesses in youth.METHODSA two-arm, randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants were recruited from schools across five regions of Germany. Young people between the ages of 12 and 25 years without mental health problems were invited to the trial and randomly assigned to StresSOS or to the attention placebo control condition, stratified by sex. Participants in both conditions received eight web-based sessions with information and exercises and weekly e-mail teasers about program content and a monitoring survey. StresSOS comprised content on life skills, particularly stress management and mental health literacy, and the control condition content comprised healthy nutrition. The primary outcome was self-reported mental health status at a 12-month follow-up. Intention-to-treat analyses were calculated. The trial was preregistered with the German Register of Clinical Trials (DRKS00014693, see https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00014693).RESULTSA total of 5,268 eligible students were invited to participate, 2,327 (44%) activated their account and were randomized to StresSOS (n = 1,154) or to the control condition (n = 1,173). Due to COVID-19-related school closures, 1,209 were lost to follow-up, and data from 1,118 students were analyzed (535 in StresSOS and 583 in the control group). Participation in StresSOS led to significantly reduced incidences of emerging mental health problems at the 12-month follow-up (controls: n = 162 [28%] 'with problems'; StresSOS: n = 113 [21%] 'with problems'; OR 0.70, 95% CI [0.52, 0.92], p = .01).CONCLUSIONSStresSOS was effective in universally preventing the onset of mental health problems, with a small effect. Internet interventions have the potential to contribute to a reduction of the disease burden in young people.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147439304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karolin R Krause,Sophie Chung,Christiane Konstantopoulos,Terri Rodak,Ana Calderón,Nichol Edwards Snagg,Kristin Cleverley,Nancy J Butcher,Giovanni A Salum,Kathleen R Merikangas,Peter Szatmari
BACKGROUNDMental health symptoms affect children and youths' functioning, quality of life (QOL), and well-being in daily life. While this 'life impact' is a critical outcome, there is a lack of conceptual clarity and widely endorsed outcome measurement instruments (OMI) to support consistent assessment across studies. This scoping umbrella review sought to map OMIs that assess life impact through measures of functioning, QOL, or well-being. Specifically, our aims were to: identify life impact OMIs from existing reviews, compare OMI design characteristics, descriptively appraise essential aspects of development quality for selected OMIs, and assess how consistently reviews identified OMI target constructs.METHODSWe searched six databases for systematic, scoping, rapid, or narrative reviews of functioning, QOL, or well-being OMIs for 6-to-24-year-olds with primary mental health concerns. We separately retrieved original development/validation reports for each OMI and extracted information on the target construct and key design characteristics. For a subset of OMIs, we descriptively appraised essential features of OMI development quality.RESULTSWe identified 80 OMIs of functioning (n = 35), QOL (n = 33), and well-being (n = 12). Two-thirds were developed for children and youth up to 18 years, but none targeted young adults aged 19-24. Functioning OMIs were frequently designed for multi-informant assessment; QOL and well-being OMIs were mainly self-reported. Most functioning OMIs were originally validated in populations with mental health difficulties, unlike OMIs of QOL and well-being. For over one quarter of OMIs, the target construct was misclassified in at least one review, with frequent conflation of QOL and well-being.CONCLUSIONSMental health difficulties impact life across functioning, QOL, and well-being. Life impact is a core outcome to track in clinical research and practice. This review provides a roadmap to selecting OMIs of life impact in youth mental health based on OMI design characteristics.
{"title":"Research Review: Measuring life impact of youth mental health difficulties: scoping umbrella review of 80 instruments.","authors":"Karolin R Krause,Sophie Chung,Christiane Konstantopoulos,Terri Rodak,Ana Calderón,Nichol Edwards Snagg,Kristin Cleverley,Nancy J Butcher,Giovanni A Salum,Kathleen R Merikangas,Peter Szatmari","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70134","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDMental health symptoms affect children and youths' functioning, quality of life (QOL), and well-being in daily life. While this 'life impact' is a critical outcome, there is a lack of conceptual clarity and widely endorsed outcome measurement instruments (OMI) to support consistent assessment across studies. This scoping umbrella review sought to map OMIs that assess life impact through measures of functioning, QOL, or well-being. Specifically, our aims were to: identify life impact OMIs from existing reviews, compare OMI design characteristics, descriptively appraise essential aspects of development quality for selected OMIs, and assess how consistently reviews identified OMI target constructs.METHODSWe searched six databases for systematic, scoping, rapid, or narrative reviews of functioning, QOL, or well-being OMIs for 6-to-24-year-olds with primary mental health concerns. We separately retrieved original development/validation reports for each OMI and extracted information on the target construct and key design characteristics. For a subset of OMIs, we descriptively appraised essential features of OMI development quality.RESULTSWe identified 80 OMIs of functioning (n = 35), QOL (n = 33), and well-being (n = 12). Two-thirds were developed for children and youth up to 18 years, but none targeted young adults aged 19-24. Functioning OMIs were frequently designed for multi-informant assessment; QOL and well-being OMIs were mainly self-reported. Most functioning OMIs were originally validated in populations with mental health difficulties, unlike OMIs of QOL and well-being. For over one quarter of OMIs, the target construct was misclassified in at least one review, with frequent conflation of QOL and well-being.CONCLUSIONSMental health difficulties impact life across functioning, QOL, and well-being. Life impact is a core outcome to track in clinical research and practice. This review provides a roadmap to selecting OMIs of life impact in youth mental health based on OMI design characteristics.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147393918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDStudies on the association between victimisation in childhood and adolescence and psychiatric disorders increasingly acknowledge that these associations might be partly confounded by unmeasured familial factors. However, previous quasi-experimental evidence is largely based on retrospective self-reported data with potential response biases and small samples.METHODSWe measured psychiatric disorders and victimisation events from routinely collected administrative datasets on Finnish total birth cohorts 1996-2005. We identified all violent and sexual victimisation events using plaintiff information taken from registers containing data on crimes reported to the police between birth and the end of 2020. Incident anxiety, mood and substance use disorders were identified from registers containing records of inpatient and specialised outpatient psychiatric care. We compared all those exposed to victimisation to five population controls and their unexposed siblings, with the latter thereby adjusting for shared unobserved familial factors. We used stratified Cox regression models to estimate the associations between victimisation and the psychiatric disorders, with a follow-up from victimisation until the outcome, exit from the population or the end of 2020.RESULTSViolent and sexual police-reported victimisation were both associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders, with adjusted hazard ratios ranging between 2.3 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.2, 2.4) for the association between violent victimisation and mood disorders and 3.9 (3.7, 4.1) for the association between sexual victimisation and anxiety disorders. In the sibling comparisons, the associations attenuated but remained clearly elevated, with the corresponding hazard ratios ranging between 1.9 (1.7, 2.1) and 2.6 (2.3, 2.9).CONCLUSIONSThe results are consistent with a causal interpretation of the association between police-reported victimisation and psychiatric disorders. Mental health-related support after victimisation is an important task as it may prevent the onset of psychiatric disorders. Prevention of victimisation might decrease the number of psychiatric disorders in the population.
{"title":"Violent and sexual victimisation and incident anxiety, mood and substance use disorders in childhood and adolescence: a co-sibling study.","authors":"Joonas Pitkänen,Amir Sariaslan,Lauren Bishop,Mikko Aaltonen,Laura Mielityinen,Taina Laajasalo,Noora Ellonen,Pekka Martikainen","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70144","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDStudies on the association between victimisation in childhood and adolescence and psychiatric disorders increasingly acknowledge that these associations might be partly confounded by unmeasured familial factors. However, previous quasi-experimental evidence is largely based on retrospective self-reported data with potential response biases and small samples.METHODSWe measured psychiatric disorders and victimisation events from routinely collected administrative datasets on Finnish total birth cohorts 1996-2005. We identified all violent and sexual victimisation events using plaintiff information taken from registers containing data on crimes reported to the police between birth and the end of 2020. Incident anxiety, mood and substance use disorders were identified from registers containing records of inpatient and specialised outpatient psychiatric care. We compared all those exposed to victimisation to five population controls and their unexposed siblings, with the latter thereby adjusting for shared unobserved familial factors. We used stratified Cox regression models to estimate the associations between victimisation and the psychiatric disorders, with a follow-up from victimisation until the outcome, exit from the population or the end of 2020.RESULTSViolent and sexual police-reported victimisation were both associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders, with adjusted hazard ratios ranging between 2.3 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.2, 2.4) for the association between violent victimisation and mood disorders and 3.9 (3.7, 4.1) for the association between sexual victimisation and anxiety disorders. In the sibling comparisons, the associations attenuated but remained clearly elevated, with the corresponding hazard ratios ranging between 1.9 (1.7, 2.1) and 2.6 (2.3, 2.9).CONCLUSIONSThe results are consistent with a causal interpretation of the association between police-reported victimisation and psychiatric disorders. Mental health-related support after victimisation is an important task as it may prevent the onset of psychiatric disorders. Prevention of victimisation might decrease the number of psychiatric disorders in the population.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147371056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peizhong Wang,Jingwei Ma,Lu Qiao,Ting He,Jintao Zhang,Xiuyun Lin
BACKGROUNDParent-child interpersonal brain synchrony (IBS) has been suggested to play an important role in children's socio-emotional functioning and may be relevant to oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Yet, empirical evidence regarding IBS deficits between parents and ODD children remains limited, as well as their association with ODD symptoms within different emotional parenting contexts. Therefore, the present study investigated the IBS among mother-child dyads by utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and the moderating role of maternal meta-emotion philosophy between IBS and ODD symptoms.METHODSWe initially recruited 72 mother-child dyads and included data from 63 dyads in the final analyses after data quality checks, including 29 ODD children and 34 typically developing (TD) children. Each dyad was measured for IBS while completing a computer-based game, including cooperative and independent conditions. The children's ODD symptoms and maternal meta-emotion philosophy were measured using questionnaires.RESULTSThe IBS deficits of left postcentral gyrusm-left dorsal superior frontal gyrusc, left middle frontal gyrusm-right postcentral gyrusc, and right angular gyrusm-right dorsal superior frontal gyrusc were revealed among ODD mother-child dyads across multiple time-lags. In addition, IBS negatively predicted ODD symptoms when mothers were involved in their children's emotions and positively predicted ODD symptoms when mothers were not involved in their children's emotions.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggested a potential "Other-(Social) Cognition-Self-Regulation" IBS network, wherein "Other-Cognition" involves social cognitive processing of information from others, and "Self-Regulation" consists of the regulation of oneself. Furthermore, the deficits within this IBS network among ODD mother-child dyads are prospectively predictive of children's later ODD symptoms. Additionally, our research indicated that whether the mother is involved in the child's emotions is crucial when considering the impact of IBS on the development of ODD symptoms.
{"title":"Children's oppositional defiant disorder and mother-child interpersonal brain synchrony: the role of maternal meta-emotion philosophy.","authors":"Peizhong Wang,Jingwei Ma,Lu Qiao,Ting He,Jintao Zhang,Xiuyun Lin","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70137","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDParent-child interpersonal brain synchrony (IBS) has been suggested to play an important role in children's socio-emotional functioning and may be relevant to oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Yet, empirical evidence regarding IBS deficits between parents and ODD children remains limited, as well as their association with ODD symptoms within different emotional parenting contexts. Therefore, the present study investigated the IBS among mother-child dyads by utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and the moderating role of maternal meta-emotion philosophy between IBS and ODD symptoms.METHODSWe initially recruited 72 mother-child dyads and included data from 63 dyads in the final analyses after data quality checks, including 29 ODD children and 34 typically developing (TD) children. Each dyad was measured for IBS while completing a computer-based game, including cooperative and independent conditions. The children's ODD symptoms and maternal meta-emotion philosophy were measured using questionnaires.RESULTSThe IBS deficits of left postcentral gyrusm-left dorsal superior frontal gyrusc, left middle frontal gyrusm-right postcentral gyrusc, and right angular gyrusm-right dorsal superior frontal gyrusc were revealed among ODD mother-child dyads across multiple time-lags. In addition, IBS negatively predicted ODD symptoms when mothers were involved in their children's emotions and positively predicted ODD symptoms when mothers were not involved in their children's emotions.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggested a potential \"Other-(Social) Cognition-Self-Regulation\" IBS network, wherein \"Other-Cognition\" involves social cognitive processing of information from others, and \"Self-Regulation\" consists of the regulation of oneself. Furthermore, the deficits within this IBS network among ODD mother-child dyads are prospectively predictive of children's later ODD symptoms. Additionally, our research indicated that whether the mother is involved in the child's emotions is crucial when considering the impact of IBS on the development of ODD symptoms.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147359278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marjolein E A Barendse,Chris J Machle,Rogier Kievit,Jennifer H Pfeifer
BACKGROUNDIndividual differences in the structure and function of the frontostriatal reward network have been related to depression. However, there is a strong need for prospective, longitudinal studies aiming to understand the role of frontostriatal networks in depression in a developmental context. We aimed to examine bidirectional associations between structural connectivity in the frontostriatal reward network and depressive symptoms in adolescent girls, as well as to determine to what extent the directionality and strength of these associations are dependent on age or pubertal stage.METHODSAbout 596 observations from 174 adolescent girls (up to 4 time points per person, ages 10-17) were included. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale for Children and pubertal stage with the Pubertal Development Scale and the Tanner Stage Line Drawings. Probabilistic tractography was done on diffusion-weighted imaging scans to obtain average fractional anisotropy from ventral striatum to orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatum to ventromedial prefrontal cortex tracts.RESULTSLinear mixed-effects models showed that frontostriatal connectivity was not associated with subsequent change in depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were also not associated with subsequent change in frontostriatal connectivity. Depressive symptoms increased with age and pubertal stage, but the association with connectivity did not vary with age or pubertal stage.CONCLUSIONSThis suggests previously reported cross-sectional associations might not pertain to developmental effects in girls. Future research should examine prospective associations between frontostriatal functional connectivity and depression.
{"title":"Directionality of longitudinal associations between frontostriatal structural connectivity and depressive symptoms in adolescent girls.","authors":"Marjolein E A Barendse,Chris J Machle,Rogier Kievit,Jennifer H Pfeifer","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70127","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDIndividual differences in the structure and function of the frontostriatal reward network have been related to depression. However, there is a strong need for prospective, longitudinal studies aiming to understand the role of frontostriatal networks in depression in a developmental context. We aimed to examine bidirectional associations between structural connectivity in the frontostriatal reward network and depressive symptoms in adolescent girls, as well as to determine to what extent the directionality and strength of these associations are dependent on age or pubertal stage.METHODSAbout 596 observations from 174 adolescent girls (up to 4 time points per person, ages 10-17) were included. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale for Children and pubertal stage with the Pubertal Development Scale and the Tanner Stage Line Drawings. Probabilistic tractography was done on diffusion-weighted imaging scans to obtain average fractional anisotropy from ventral striatum to orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatum to ventromedial prefrontal cortex tracts.RESULTSLinear mixed-effects models showed that frontostriatal connectivity was not associated with subsequent change in depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were also not associated with subsequent change in frontostriatal connectivity. Depressive symptoms increased with age and pubertal stage, but the association with connectivity did not vary with age or pubertal stage.CONCLUSIONSThis suggests previously reported cross-sectional associations might not pertain to developmental effects in girls. Future research should examine prospective associations between frontostriatal functional connectivity and depression.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147350579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ditte Vassard,Martin Køster Rimvall,Rasmus Trap Wolf,Robin Christensen,Sabrina M Nielsen,Kerstin Jessica Plessen,Frank Verhulst,Niels Bilenberg,Per Hove Thomsen,Mikael Thastum,Simon-Peter Neumer,Anne Katrine Pagsberg,Wendy K Silverman,Christoph U Correll,Pia Jeppesen
BACKGROUNDCredible long-term outcomes from randomized trials evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of preventive programs for mental health problems are needed. We compared long-term effects of the Mind My Mind (MMM) transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program to management as usual (MAU).METHODSThe study was a pragmatic, multisite, randomized superiority trial (2017-2019) involving youths aged 6-16 years with anxiety, depressive symptoms, and/or behavioral disturbances, recruited through family self-referral. The MMM intervention included 9-13 weekly CBT sessions. The primary outcome was change from baseline in parent-reported impact of mental health problems at 3-year follow-up post-randomization using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) impact scale. Register-based outcomes tracked youths' psychiatric diagnoses in mental health services. To assess cost-effectiveness, we calculated the incremental costs and incremental quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). All primary analyses followed the intention-to-treat (ITT) approach.CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATIONID NCT04804917.RESULTSAmong 396 youths randomized (baseline mean [SD] age, 10.3 [2.4] years; 52.0% boys; MMM n = 197, MAU n = 199), the 3-year follow-up (median 167 weeks; range 124-203 weeks) primary outcome data were available in 69.0% and 59.3%, respectively. The decrease in SDQ-impact-score from baseline to 3-year follow-up (4.12→1.79 points [MMM] and 4.21→1.85 [MAU]) was similar (between-group difference, 0.06 [95% CI -0.41 to 0.52]; p = .81). An equal proportion (25%) of youths in MMM and MAU were diagnosed with any mental disorder during follow-up (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.68-1.50). Total costs over the intervention period were higher in the MMM group (incremental costs 3,014 Euros [95% CI: 2.174-3.855]). Cost-effectiveness analyses favored MMM: QALY net gain 0.121 (95% CI 0.045-0.196); the cost-effectiveness ratio was 24,789 Euro/QALY.CONCLUSIONSAlthough MMM was potentially cost-effective, the beneficial effects diminished over 3 years post-treatment. The findings highlight the need for strategies to sustain long-term effects.
背景：评估心理健康问题预防项目的有效性和成本效益的随机试验需要可靠的长期结果。我们比较了Mind My Mind （MMM）跨诊断认知行为疗法（CBT）和照例管理（MAU）的长期效果。方法：该研究是一项实用、多地点、随机优势试验（2017-2019），通过家庭自我推荐招募6-16岁有焦虑、抑郁症状和/或行为障碍的青少年。MMM干预包括9-13周的CBT疗程。主要结局是在随机化后使用优势与困难问卷（SDQ）影响量表进行的3年随访中，父母报告的心理健康问题影响与基线的变化。基于登记的结果追踪了青少年在心理健康服务中的精神病诊断。为了评估成本-效果，我们计算了增量成本和增量质量调整寿命年（QALYs）。所有初步分析均采用意向治疗（ITT）方法。临床试验注册号nct04804917。结果在396名随机分组的青少年中（基线平均[SD]年龄为10.3[2.4]岁；52.0%为男孩；MMM n = 197, MAU n = 199）， 3年随访（中位167周；范围124-203周），主要结局数据的可获得率分别为69.0%和59.3%。SDQ-impact-score从基线到3年随访的下降（4.12→1.79分[MMM]和4.21→1.85 [MAU]）相似（组间差异为0.06 [95% CI -0.41 ~ 0.52]; p = 0.81）。在随访期间，相同比例（25%）的MMM和MAU青年被诊断为任何精神障碍（HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.68-1.50）。干预期间，MMM组的总成本较高（增量成本3,014欧元[95% CI: 2.174-3.855]）。成本-效果分析支持MMM: QALY净收益0.121 (95% CI 0.045-0.196)；成本效益比为24,789欧元/质量aly。结论虽然MMM具有潜在的成本效益，但治疗后3年的有益效果逐渐减弱。研究结果强调需要制定策略来维持长期效果。
{"title":"Outcome and cost-effectiveness of transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy compared with management as usual for youth with common mental health problems: Long-term results from the Mind-My-Mind randomized trial.","authors":"Ditte Vassard,Martin Køster Rimvall,Rasmus Trap Wolf,Robin Christensen,Sabrina M Nielsen,Kerstin Jessica Plessen,Frank Verhulst,Niels Bilenberg,Per Hove Thomsen,Mikael Thastum,Simon-Peter Neumer,Anne Katrine Pagsberg,Wendy K Silverman,Christoph U Correll,Pia Jeppesen","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70128","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDCredible long-term outcomes from randomized trials evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of preventive programs for mental health problems are needed. We compared long-term effects of the Mind My Mind (MMM) transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program to management as usual (MAU).METHODSThe study was a pragmatic, multisite, randomized superiority trial (2017-2019) involving youths aged 6-16 years with anxiety, depressive symptoms, and/or behavioral disturbances, recruited through family self-referral. The MMM intervention included 9-13 weekly CBT sessions. The primary outcome was change from baseline in parent-reported impact of mental health problems at 3-year follow-up post-randomization using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) impact scale. Register-based outcomes tracked youths' psychiatric diagnoses in mental health services. To assess cost-effectiveness, we calculated the incremental costs and incremental quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). All primary analyses followed the intention-to-treat (ITT) approach.CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATIONID NCT04804917.RESULTSAmong 396 youths randomized (baseline mean [SD] age, 10.3 [2.4] years; 52.0% boys; MMM n = 197, MAU n = 199), the 3-year follow-up (median 167 weeks; range 124-203 weeks) primary outcome data were available in 69.0% and 59.3%, respectively. The decrease in SDQ-impact-score from baseline to 3-year follow-up (4.12→1.79 points [MMM] and 4.21→1.85 [MAU]) was similar (between-group difference, 0.06 [95% CI -0.41 to 0.52]; p = .81). An equal proportion (25%) of youths in MMM and MAU were diagnosed with any mental disorder during follow-up (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.68-1.50). Total costs over the intervention period were higher in the MMM group (incremental costs 3,014 Euros [95% CI: 2.174-3.855]). Cost-effectiveness analyses favored MMM: QALY net gain 0.121 (95% CI 0.045-0.196); the cost-effectiveness ratio was 24,789 Euro/QALY.CONCLUSIONSAlthough MMM was potentially cost-effective, the beneficial effects diminished over 3 years post-treatment. The findings highlight the need for strategies to sustain long-term effects.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147329541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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