The authors explore publication trends in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry over the past 5 years regarding associations between parenting and child outcomes, with a focus on the directionality of these effects. Bibliometric analysis revealed that far more studies have examined parent‐to‐child associations than either child‐to‐parent or bidirectional associations, reflecting a significant imbalance in what researchers publishing in JCPP intend to study. However, when evaluating evidence from a subset of robust and well‐designed studies, especially those that permit a test of bidirectionality, the authors see a more balanced picture, with a roughly equal number of studies finding evidence of parent‐to‐child, child‐to‐parent, and bidirectional effects. These studies used a range of methodologies and examined a diverse set of parenting behaviors and child outcomes. Overall, the findings suggest that evidence in favor of child effects is consistently observed despite being significantly understudied relative to that of parent effects. The authors emphasize the importance of studying both child and parent effects alongside one another to understand the complexity of parent–child interactions, and underscore how respect for the agency and perspectives of youth is essential to understanding how they shape the conditions in which they grow up.
{"title":"Reflecting on child effects in psychology and psychiatry research","authors":"Mark Wade, Lydia M. Li, Stephan Collishaw","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70084","url":null,"abstract":"The authors explore publication trends in the <jats:italic>Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry</jats:italic> over the past 5 years regarding associations between parenting and child outcomes, with a focus on the directionality of these effects. Bibliometric analysis revealed that far more studies have examined parent‐to‐child associations than either child‐to‐parent or bidirectional associations, reflecting a significant imbalance in what researchers publishing in <jats:italic>JCPP</jats:italic> intend to study. However, when evaluating evidence from a subset of robust and well‐designed studies, especially those that permit a test of bidirectionality, the authors see a more balanced picture, with a roughly equal number of studies finding evidence of parent‐to‐child, child‐to‐parent, and bidirectional effects. These studies used a range of methodologies and examined a diverse set of parenting behaviors and child outcomes. Overall, the findings suggest that evidence in favor of child effects is consistently observed despite being significantly understudied relative to that of parent effects. The authors emphasize the importance of studying both child and parent effects alongside one another to understand the complexity of parent–child interactions, and underscore how respect for the agency and perspectives of youth is essential to understanding how they shape the conditions in which they grow up.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lilian Y. Li, Nayoung Kim, Esha Trivedi, Sarah E. Sarkas, Madeline M. McGregor, Aishwarya Sritharan, Katherine Durham, Ivan Alekseichuk, Allison M. Letkiewicz, Vijay A. Mittal, David Pagliaccio, Nicholas B. Allen, Randy P. Auerbach, Stewart A. Shankman
Background Central to major depressive disorder (MDD) onset and maintenance is maladaptive self‐focused attention, which can be reliably indexed by greater: (a) usage of first‐person singular pronouns (e.g., I ) in natural language and (b) alpha oscillations in resting‐state EEG. Integrating these largely parallel bodies of research, the present study sought to explicate the associations between, and prospective predictive utility of, linguistic and neural indicators of self‐focused attention in adolescents with remitted MDD over 12 months. Methods At baseline, 126 adolescents (ages 13–18) with ( n = 66) and without ( n = 60) remitted MDD completed resting‐state EEG. Retrospective interviews determined the occurrence of major depressive episodes (MDEs) during the follow‐up period. A total of ~2.3 million messages were passively acquired from adolescents' smartphones, on which the proportion of first‐person singular pronouns was derived. Results During the 12 months, 29 (23.0%) participants developed an MDE (28 remitted MDD, 1 control). Cox regression showed that while greater usage of first‐person singular pronouns prior to MDE increased the risk for MDE (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.02, p < .001), greater resting‐state alpha power at baseline decreased the risk for MDE (HR = 0.78, p = .001). Moreover, greater alpha power predicted subsequent first‐person singular pronoun usage ( β = 0.17, p = .004). Mediation analysis indicated a marginal suppression effect (bootstrapped indirect effect p < .10), such that accounting for first‐person singular pronoun usage amplified the association between alpha power and MDE risk. Conclusions Findings highlight functionally distinct alpha mechanisms and provide support for smartphone‐based first‐person singular pronoun usage as a neurobehavioral risk factor and a potentially promising intervention target for adolescent MDD.
重度抑郁症（MDD）发病和维持的核心是不适应的自我集中注意力，这可以通过以下方式可靠地进行索引：(a)自然语言中第一人称单数代词的使用（例如，I）和(b)静息状态EEG的α振荡。整合这些基本平行的研究，本研究试图解释语言和神经指标之间的关联，以及在12个月的MDD缓解青少年中自我集中注意力的前瞻性预测效用。方法在基线时，126名（n = 66）和未（n = 60） MDD缓解的青少年（13-18岁）完成静息状态EEG。回顾性访谈确定随访期间重性抑郁发作（MDEs）的发生情况。从青少年智能手机被动获取的信息总数约为230万条，其中第一人称单数代词的比例来源于此。结果在12个月内，29名（23.0%）参与者发生MDE（28名缓解MDD， 1名对照组）。Cox回归显示，虽然在MDE之前更多地使用第一人称单数代词会增加MDE的风险（风险比[HR] = 2.02, p < 001），但基线时更大的静息状态alpha功率会降低MDE的风险（HR = 0.78, p = .001）。此外，更大的α功率预测随后的第一人称单数代词使用（β = 0.17, p = 0.004）。中介分析表明存在边际抑制效应（自举间接效应p <； .10），即第一人称单数代词的使用放大了alpha功率与MDE风险之间的关联。研究结果强调了功能上不同的alpha机制，并为智能手机第一人称单数代词的使用作为神经行为风险因素和青少年MDD潜在的有希望的干预目标提供了支持。
{"title":"Smartphone language and resting‐state EEG indicators of self‐focused attention prospectively predict major depressive disorder risk in adolescents","authors":"Lilian Y. Li, Nayoung Kim, Esha Trivedi, Sarah E. Sarkas, Madeline M. McGregor, Aishwarya Sritharan, Katherine Durham, Ivan Alekseichuk, Allison M. Letkiewicz, Vijay A. Mittal, David Pagliaccio, Nicholas B. Allen, Randy P. Auerbach, Stewart A. Shankman","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70096","url":null,"abstract":"Background Central to major depressive disorder (MDD) onset and maintenance is maladaptive self‐focused attention, which can be reliably indexed by greater: (a) usage of first‐person singular pronouns (e.g., <jats:italic>I</jats:italic> ) in natural language and (b) alpha oscillations in resting‐state EEG. Integrating these largely parallel bodies of research, the present study sought to explicate the associations between, and prospective predictive utility of, linguistic and neural indicators of self‐focused attention in adolescents with remitted MDD over 12 months. Methods At baseline, 126 adolescents (ages 13–18) with ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 66) and without ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 60) remitted MDD completed resting‐state EEG. Retrospective interviews determined the occurrence of major depressive episodes (MDEs) during the follow‐up period. A total of ~2.3 million messages were passively acquired from adolescents' smartphones, on which the proportion of first‐person singular pronouns was derived. Results During the 12 months, 29 (23.0%) participants developed an MDE (28 remitted MDD, 1 control). Cox regression showed that while greater usage of first‐person singular pronouns prior to MDE increased the risk for MDE (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.02, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .001), greater resting‐state alpha power at baseline decreased the risk for MDE (HR = 0.78, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .001). Moreover, greater alpha power predicted subsequent first‐person singular pronoun usage ( <jats:italic>β</jats:italic> = 0.17, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .004). Mediation analysis indicated a marginal suppression effect (bootstrapped indirect effect <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .10), such that accounting for first‐person singular pronoun usage amplified the association between alpha power and MDE risk. Conclusions Findings highlight functionally distinct alpha mechanisms and provide support for smartphone‐based first‐person singular pronoun usage as a neurobehavioral risk factor and a potentially promising intervention target for adolescent MDD.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"243 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge Cuartas,Lenin H Balza,Andrés Camacho,Nicolás Gómez-Parra
BACKGROUNDIncreasing evidence suggests that climate change, along with its cascading impacts on ecosystems, societies, and communities, has significant effects on both physical and mental health. However, less is known about how exposure to excessive heat early in life may influence the development of foundational skills that shape lifelong developmental trajectories. This study examined the effects of ambient heat on early childhood development across six countries, using geographic and time-stamped data on child development and ambient temperature.METHODSOur primary outcome is the Early Childhood Development Index. We used linear probability models with geographic and seasonality fixed effects to account for baseline climatic conditions, as well as other individual and contextual covariates to address potential selection bias. The sample comprised 19,607 children aged three and four from Georgia, The Gambia, Madagascar, Malawi, Sierra Leone, and the State of Palestine, all participants in Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys collected between 2017 and 2020. We merged these data with temperature data from the ERA5-Land Monthly Aggregated Climate Dataset, calculating the mean monthly maximum temperature children experienced from birth to interview.RESULTSWe found that children exposed to average maximum temperatures above 32°C were less likely to be developmentally on track compared to those exposed to cooler temperatures, even after accounting for baseline average climatic conditions and other covariates. Domain-specific models indicate that these effects were most pronounced in literacy and numeracy skills. Subgroup analyses revealed that the negative impacts were particularly severe for children in economically disadvantaged households and urban areas, and for those lacking access to adequate water and sanitation.CONCLUSIONSThis study highlights the potential impact of excessive heat on early childhood development, emphasizing the need for policies and interventions that enhance preparedness, adaptation, and resilience to support human development in an rapidly warming world.
{"title":"Ambient heat and early childhood development: a cross-national analysis.","authors":"Jorge Cuartas,Lenin H Balza,Andrés Camacho,Nicolás Gómez-Parra","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70081","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDIncreasing evidence suggests that climate change, along with its cascading impacts on ecosystems, societies, and communities, has significant effects on both physical and mental health. However, less is known about how exposure to excessive heat early in life may influence the development of foundational skills that shape lifelong developmental trajectories. This study examined the effects of ambient heat on early childhood development across six countries, using geographic and time-stamped data on child development and ambient temperature.METHODSOur primary outcome is the Early Childhood Development Index. We used linear probability models with geographic and seasonality fixed effects to account for baseline climatic conditions, as well as other individual and contextual covariates to address potential selection bias. The sample comprised 19,607 children aged three and four from Georgia, The Gambia, Madagascar, Malawi, Sierra Leone, and the State of Palestine, all participants in Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys collected between 2017 and 2020. We merged these data with temperature data from the ERA5-Land Monthly Aggregated Climate Dataset, calculating the mean monthly maximum temperature children experienced from birth to interview.RESULTSWe found that children exposed to average maximum temperatures above 32°C were less likely to be developmentally on track compared to those exposed to cooler temperatures, even after accounting for baseline average climatic conditions and other covariates. Domain-specific models indicate that these effects were most pronounced in literacy and numeracy skills. Subgroup analyses revealed that the negative impacts were particularly severe for children in economically disadvantaged households and urban areas, and for those lacking access to adequate water and sanitation.CONCLUSIONSThis study highlights the potential impact of excessive heat on early childhood development, emphasizing the need for policies and interventions that enhance preparedness, adaptation, and resilience to support human development in an rapidly warming world.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDWe assessed the risk of anxiety disorders in children of clinically anxious parents, focusing on the influence of parent and child sex, parental care level, depressive comorbidity, and anxiety subtype, while controlling for socioeconomic factors and other parental psychiatric conditions.METHODSWe conducted a population-based study utilizing comprehensive healthcare data. A cohort of children (N = 516,134), born in 1998-2015 and residing in Stockholm, Sweden, was followed until they were diagnosed with anxiety, moved, or turned 18. The primary and secondary exposures were parental specified and unspecified anxiety diagnoses, respectively. The outcome was child specified anxiety diagnosis. Associations were estimated using hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTSAmong exposed children, 4.3% were diagnosed with specified anxiety disorders, compared to 3.0% of unexposed (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.51). Adjustment for socioeconomic factors and other parental psychiatric disorders attenuated the risk (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.34). The risk was higher when parental anxiety was recorded in specialized psychiatric care (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.60, 1.79) than in primary care (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.32). Maternal anxiety was linked to a higher risk (HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.41, 1.56) than paternal (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.42). Children were most likely to develop the same anxiety disorder as their parents, in cases of social anxiety, specific phobia, and panic disorder. Parental unspecified anxiety diagnoses were not associated with an increase in risk (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.07).CONCLUSIONSParental specified anxiety modestly increased the risk of child anxiety disorders. While the overall risk was lower than previously reported, it varied across diagnosis types and care levels.
{"title":"A detailed investigation of anxiety disorders in children of clinically anxious parents: a population-based study.","authors":"Sigrid Elfström,Susanne Wicks,Christina Dalman,Johan Åhlén","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70085","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDWe assessed the risk of anxiety disorders in children of clinically anxious parents, focusing on the influence of parent and child sex, parental care level, depressive comorbidity, and anxiety subtype, while controlling for socioeconomic factors and other parental psychiatric conditions.METHODSWe conducted a population-based study utilizing comprehensive healthcare data. A cohort of children (N = 516,134), born in 1998-2015 and residing in Stockholm, Sweden, was followed until they were diagnosed with anxiety, moved, or turned 18. The primary and secondary exposures were parental specified and unspecified anxiety diagnoses, respectively. The outcome was child specified anxiety diagnosis. Associations were estimated using hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTSAmong exposed children, 4.3% were diagnosed with specified anxiety disorders, compared to 3.0% of unexposed (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.51). Adjustment for socioeconomic factors and other parental psychiatric disorders attenuated the risk (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.34). The risk was higher when parental anxiety was recorded in specialized psychiatric care (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.60, 1.79) than in primary care (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.32). Maternal anxiety was linked to a higher risk (HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.41, 1.56) than paternal (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.42). Children were most likely to develop the same anxiety disorder as their parents, in cases of social anxiety, specific phobia, and panic disorder. Parental unspecified anxiety diagnoses were not associated with an increase in risk (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.07).CONCLUSIONSParental specified anxiety modestly increased the risk of child anxiety disorders. While the overall risk was lower than previously reported, it varied across diagnosis types and care levels.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"198200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145664280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inger Hellerhoff,Daniel Geisler,Fabio Bernardoni,Arne Doose,Friederike I Tam,David M Poitz,Nina Chotjewitz,Veit Roessner,Katja Akgün,Tjalf Ziemssen,Stefan Ehrlich
BACKGROUNDAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder associated with drastic reductions in gray and white matter (WM) volume and structural connectivity alterations. However, the hypotheses regarding underlying mechanisms are inconclusive. The current study investigated the relationships of WM volume as well as WM network architecture with neurofilament light (NF-L), a marker of axonal damage.METHODSBlood samples and magnetic resonance imaging scans from 77 predominantly adolescent female participants with acute AN were used. Associations of WM volume with NF-L were tested using linear models. The relationship between NF-L and alterations in brain networks was evaluated using network-based statistic (NBS) models, which predicted connectivity associated with NF-L levels. Additionally, associations with clinical variables and leptin were tested. To test the specificity of the results, control analyses were conducted on 77 female healthy participants (HC).RESULTSWe found negative associations between NF-L concentrations and WM volume. NBS analyses identified seven components, where fractional anisotropy was positively associated with NF-L. In some components, mean connectivity was negatively associated with leptin concentrations. Mediation analyses suggested that the negative correlation of leptin and NF-L might be partially mediated by changes in WM microstructure. These effects were not observed in HC.CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that WM volume reductions in acute AN might be related to axonal damage. The NBS results indicate, that the elevated fractional anisotropy previously found in AN might be related to damage processes leading to axonal swelling. All in all, the present study supports NF-L as a global blood marker for brain damage processes in acute AN.
{"title":"Elevated neurofilament light levels in acute anorexia nervosa are associated with alterations in white matter volume and connectivity networks.","authors":"Inger Hellerhoff,Daniel Geisler,Fabio Bernardoni,Arne Doose,Friederike I Tam,David M Poitz,Nina Chotjewitz,Veit Roessner,Katja Akgün,Tjalf Ziemssen,Stefan Ehrlich","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70083","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder associated with drastic reductions in gray and white matter (WM) volume and structural connectivity alterations. However, the hypotheses regarding underlying mechanisms are inconclusive. The current study investigated the relationships of WM volume as well as WM network architecture with neurofilament light (NF-L), a marker of axonal damage.METHODSBlood samples and magnetic resonance imaging scans from 77 predominantly adolescent female participants with acute AN were used. Associations of WM volume with NF-L were tested using linear models. The relationship between NF-L and alterations in brain networks was evaluated using network-based statistic (NBS) models, which predicted connectivity associated with NF-L levels. Additionally, associations with clinical variables and leptin were tested. To test the specificity of the results, control analyses were conducted on 77 female healthy participants (HC).RESULTSWe found negative associations between NF-L concentrations and WM volume. NBS analyses identified seven components, where fractional anisotropy was positively associated with NF-L. In some components, mean connectivity was negatively associated with leptin concentrations. Mediation analyses suggested that the negative correlation of leptin and NF-L might be partially mediated by changes in WM microstructure. These effects were not observed in HC.CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that WM volume reductions in acute AN might be related to axonal damage. The NBS results indicate, that the elevated fractional anisotropy previously found in AN might be related to damage processes leading to axonal swelling. All in all, the present study supports NF-L as a global blood marker for brain damage processes in acute AN.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145656864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justin Russotti,Jennifer M Warmingham,Rachel Y Levin,Lauren Hutson,Hannah Swerbenski,Dante Cicchetti,Elizabeth D Handley
BACKGROUNDDiscrepancies between retrospective self-reports and official record data of child maltreatment (CM) are well-documented, yet few studies have examined how newer self-report instruments compare with record data or what factors influence inconsistencies across methods. This study addresses two primary aims: (1) to provide the first concordance estimates between prospective child protective services (CPS) records and the maltreatment and abuse chronology of exposure (MACE), a widely used retrospective CM assessment tool; and (2) to examine the influence of positive childhood experiences on discrepancies in CM assessment.METHODSWe utilize two maltreatment cohorts in which adults and adolescents with documented histories of CM and matched nonmaltreated controls were enrolled. Both cohorts included CM data from CPS records coded with the maltreatment classification system (MCS) and retrospective self-reports of CM and measures of positive childhood experiences. The cohorts vary in age at retrospective assessment (adults vs. adolescents), retrospective time lag (long vs. short), used different self-report measures (MACE vs. CTQ), and different methods for assessing positive experiences (explicit self-report vs. ratings of unconscious content). The rigorous dual-study design ensures findings are robust to study- and measurement-specific differences.RESULTSFindings revealed minimal agreement between MACE self-reports and MCS-coded CPS records for maltreatment occurring from ages 0-12. Discrepancies were primarily driven by retrospective reports of CM not documented in official records. Importantly, in both studies, individuals with more positive childhood experiences were less likely to self-report maltreatment (via MACE or CTQ) that was documented based on official records.CONCLUSIONSFindings suggest that positive childhood experiences may help facilitate resilience among CM survivors by influencing memory and appraisal of childhood events. Clinical interventions that explore autobiographical memories may be particularly effective in mitigating the psychopathology sequelae of maltreatment.
背景：关于儿童虐待的回顾性自我报告和官方记录数据之间的差异是有证可循的，但很少有研究调查了更新的自我报告工具与记录数据的比较，或者是什么因素影响了方法之间的不一致性。本研究有两个主要目的：(1)提供前瞻性儿童保护服务（CPS）记录与虐待和虐待暴露年表（MACE）之间的首次一致性估计，MACE是一种广泛使用的回顾性CM评估工具；(2)检验童年积极经历对CM评估差异的影响。方法：我们使用了两个虐待队列，其中有CM病史的成人和青少年以及匹配的未受虐待的对照组。两个队列都包括来自CPS记录的虐待分类系统（MCS）编码的CM数据，以及CM的回顾性自我报告和积极童年经历的测量。在回顾性评估的年龄（成人vs青少年）、回顾性时间滞后（长vs短）、使用不同的自我报告测量（MACE vs. CTQ）和评估积极体验的不同方法（显性自我报告vs.无意识内容评分）方面，队列各不相同。严格的双研究设计确保了研究结果对研究和测量特定差异的稳健性。结果发现MACE自我报告与mcs编码的CPS记录在0-12岁发生的虐待行为之间的一致性很小。差异主要是由未在官方记录中记录的CM回顾性报告引起的。重要的是，在这两项研究中，有更积极童年经历的个体不太可能自我报告虐待（通过MACE或CTQ），这是根据官方记录记录的。结论积极的童年经历可能通过影响童年事件的记忆和评价来促进CM幸存者的恢复能力。探索自传式记忆的临床干预可能在减轻虐待的精神病理后遗症方面特别有效。
{"title":"Measurement congruence between record data and retrospective self-report measures of child maltreatment: do positive childhood experiences affect discrepancies?","authors":"Justin Russotti,Jennifer M Warmingham,Rachel Y Levin,Lauren Hutson,Hannah Swerbenski,Dante Cicchetti,Elizabeth D Handley","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70080","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDDiscrepancies between retrospective self-reports and official record data of child maltreatment (CM) are well-documented, yet few studies have examined how newer self-report instruments compare with record data or what factors influence inconsistencies across methods. This study addresses two primary aims: (1) to provide the first concordance estimates between prospective child protective services (CPS) records and the maltreatment and abuse chronology of exposure (MACE), a widely used retrospective CM assessment tool; and (2) to examine the influence of positive childhood experiences on discrepancies in CM assessment.METHODSWe utilize two maltreatment cohorts in which adults and adolescents with documented histories of CM and matched nonmaltreated controls were enrolled. Both cohorts included CM data from CPS records coded with the maltreatment classification system (MCS) and retrospective self-reports of CM and measures of positive childhood experiences. The cohorts vary in age at retrospective assessment (adults vs. adolescents), retrospective time lag (long vs. short), used different self-report measures (MACE vs. CTQ), and different methods for assessing positive experiences (explicit self-report vs. ratings of unconscious content). The rigorous dual-study design ensures findings are robust to study- and measurement-specific differences.RESULTSFindings revealed minimal agreement between MACE self-reports and MCS-coded CPS records for maltreatment occurring from ages 0-12. Discrepancies were primarily driven by retrospective reports of CM not documented in official records. Importantly, in both studies, individuals with more positive childhood experiences were less likely to self-report maltreatment (via MACE or CTQ) that was documented based on official records.CONCLUSIONSFindings suggest that positive childhood experiences may help facilitate resilience among CM survivors by influencing memory and appraisal of childhood events. Clinical interventions that explore autobiographical memories may be particularly effective in mitigating the psychopathology sequelae of maltreatment.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145613188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unblocking the translational path between science and practice is a major priority for the field of child psychology and psychiatry. I have recently argued that key to this, going forward, will be our ability to come up with new framings of old challenges that allow us to develop new theories, hypotheses, methods and interpretations. I called this creative seeking-out of different perspectives, paradigm flipping. In this editorial, I argue that incorporating young people with neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions into the heart of our science, as co-investigators and not just advisors, can promote effective paradigm flipping in a way that can invigorate our science. I illustrate this by highlighting a recent programme of research, Regulating Emotion and Strengthening Adolescent Resilience (RE-STAR), which demonstrated not only that such a radical participatory approach is possible but that it can change the way we do science in demonstrably positive ways.
{"title":"Editorial: Probing the limits of youth participation in the translational science of neurodivergence","authors":"Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70082","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Unblocking the translational path between science and practice is a major priority for the field of child psychology and psychiatry. I have recently argued that key to this, going forward, will be our ability to come up with new framings of old challenges that allow us to develop new theories, hypotheses, methods and interpretations. I called this creative seeking-out of different perspectives, paradigm flipping. In this editorial, I argue that incorporating young people with neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions into the heart of our science, as co-investigators and not just advisors, can promote effective paradigm flipping in a way that can invigorate our science. I illustrate this by highlighting a recent programme of research, <i>Regulating Emotion and Strengthening Adolescent Resilience</i> (RE-STAR), which demonstrated not only that such a radical participatory approach is possible but that it can change the way we do science in demonstrably positive ways.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145567321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDSocial motor synchrony is critical for successful social interaction. It remains unclear whether autistic children exhibit distinct differences in intentional versus spontaneous social motor synchrony, as well as what underlying interpersonal neural synchrony (INS) mechanisms drive these potential differences.METHODFifty-four children (28 autistic) completed intentional (a delayed and synchronous imitation tasks in EX1) and spontaneous (a rhythmic hand-clapping task in EX2) tasks with an adult. Brain signals were collected by a portable multichannel fNIRS device and classified by GaussianNB machine learning approach.RESULTSCompared with non-autistic children, autistic children showed: (1) significantly lower behavioral synchrony across both two experiments; (2) reduced activation in the right temporoparietal junction (r-TPJ, CH18) during Ex1, with no significant group differences in activation observed across all 20 fNIRS channels during Ex2; (3) significantly lower INS values in task-specific brain regions, that left inferior parietal lobule (l-IPL, CH3) in the delayed imitation condition in EX1; left inferior frontal gyrus (l-IFG, CH2), l-IPL (CH9), and r-TPJ (CH18) in the synchronous imitation condition in Ex1, and in the IPL (CH8, CH10-14) and r-TPJ (CH18) in Ex2. The GaussianNB model successfully discriminated between autistic and non-autistic children using task-related INS values, with classification accuracy varying by task condition, reaching 55.56% in the delayed imitation condition of EX1, 57.41% in the time-lag analysis condition of EX1, 64.81% in the synchronous imitation condition of EX1, and 74.07% in Ex2. Notably, the SHAP toolkit identified key channels driving group distinction-and these channels fully overlapped with the statistically significant INS channels identified in the analyses.CONCLUSIONSAutistic children exhibit differences in both intentional and spontaneous social motor synchrony, and these differences are linked to reduced INS in key social cognitive brain regions (IFG, IPL, TPJ). This research advances understanding of social functioning variations in autistic individuals and provides a foundational foundation for developing INS-based diagnostic tools.
{"title":"The intentional and spontaneous social motor synchrony of pre-school autistic children: Evidence from fNIRS hyperscanning and machine learning.","authors":"Kaiyun Li,Caiyan Zheng,Yue Yang,Bang Du,Yaou Zhao,Yuehui Chen,Junqi Liu,Jiaxin Cai,Wenjing Cheng,Kezhen Lv,Liu Chen,Fanlu Jia,Shuhua Su,Wanzhi Tang","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70079","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDSocial motor synchrony is critical for successful social interaction. It remains unclear whether autistic children exhibit distinct differences in intentional versus spontaneous social motor synchrony, as well as what underlying interpersonal neural synchrony (INS) mechanisms drive these potential differences.METHODFifty-four children (28 autistic) completed intentional (a delayed and synchronous imitation tasks in EX1) and spontaneous (a rhythmic hand-clapping task in EX2) tasks with an adult. Brain signals were collected by a portable multichannel fNIRS device and classified by GaussianNB machine learning approach.RESULTSCompared with non-autistic children, autistic children showed: (1) significantly lower behavioral synchrony across both two experiments; (2) reduced activation in the right temporoparietal junction (r-TPJ, CH18) during Ex1, with no significant group differences in activation observed across all 20 fNIRS channels during Ex2; (3) significantly lower INS values in task-specific brain regions, that left inferior parietal lobule (l-IPL, CH3) in the delayed imitation condition in EX1; left inferior frontal gyrus (l-IFG, CH2), l-IPL (CH9), and r-TPJ (CH18) in the synchronous imitation condition in Ex1, and in the IPL (CH8, CH10-14) and r-TPJ (CH18) in Ex2. The GaussianNB model successfully discriminated between autistic and non-autistic children using task-related INS values, with classification accuracy varying by task condition, reaching 55.56% in the delayed imitation condition of EX1, 57.41% in the time-lag analysis condition of EX1, 64.81% in the synchronous imitation condition of EX1, and 74.07% in Ex2. Notably, the SHAP toolkit identified key channels driving group distinction-and these channels fully overlapped with the statistically significant INS channels identified in the analyses.CONCLUSIONSAutistic children exhibit differences in both intentional and spontaneous social motor synchrony, and these differences are linked to reduced INS in key social cognitive brain regions (IFG, IPL, TPJ). This research advances understanding of social functioning variations in autistic individuals and provides a foundational foundation for developing INS-based diagnostic tools.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145545250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Schaubroeck,Ellen Demurie,Jannath Begum-Ali,Sven Bölte,Sofie Boterberg,Jan Buitelaar,Tony Charman,Terje Falck-Ytter,Sabine Hunnius,Mark H Johnson,Emily Jones,Iris Oosterling,Greg Pasco,Mirjam Pijl,Carlijn Van den Boomen,Petra Warreyn,Herbert Roeyers
BACKGROUNDThis study investigated the stability of Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) classifications in a cohort of 304 siblings at elevated likelihood for autism (EL-siblings).METHODSADOS-2 assessments were conducted at 14, 24 and 36 months, with Clinical Best Estimate (CBE) autism diagnoses determined at 36 months.RESULTSOur findings indicate that while some children have stable ADOS-2 classifications from early on, a significant proportion of the children show inconsistent classifications over time. The overall stability of ADOS-2 autism spectrum classifications increased from 14 to 36 months and agreement with CBE autism clinical diagnosis was moderate and increased with age.CONCLUSIONSCaution is warranted when interpreting individual ADOS-2 results, as they should always complement, and can never replace, a comprehensive clinical evaluation. These findings highlight the importance of continued follow-up beyond 14 months in young EL-children, a group for whom early assessment may be both feasible and beneficial and emphasises the need to integrate multiple assessment measures and multiple informants for accurate early autism identification.
{"title":"The stability of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 in children aged 14-36 months with elevated likelihood for autism.","authors":"Sarah Schaubroeck,Ellen Demurie,Jannath Begum-Ali,Sven Bölte,Sofie Boterberg,Jan Buitelaar,Tony Charman,Terje Falck-Ytter,Sabine Hunnius,Mark H Johnson,Emily Jones,Iris Oosterling,Greg Pasco,Mirjam Pijl,Carlijn Van den Boomen,Petra Warreyn,Herbert Roeyers","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70078","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDThis study investigated the stability of Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) classifications in a cohort of 304 siblings at elevated likelihood for autism (EL-siblings).METHODSADOS-2 assessments were conducted at 14, 24 and 36 months, with Clinical Best Estimate (CBE) autism diagnoses determined at 36 months.RESULTSOur findings indicate that while some children have stable ADOS-2 classifications from early on, a significant proportion of the children show inconsistent classifications over time. The overall stability of ADOS-2 autism spectrum classifications increased from 14 to 36 months and agreement with CBE autism clinical diagnosis was moderate and increased with age.CONCLUSIONSCaution is warranted when interpreting individual ADOS-2 results, as they should always complement, and can never replace, a comprehensive clinical evaluation. These findings highlight the importance of continued follow-up beyond 14 months in young EL-children, a group for whom early assessment may be both feasible and beneficial and emphasises the need to integrate multiple assessment measures and multiple informants for accurate early autism identification.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145531261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDAutistic children are typically late to develop their expressive vocabulary, but little is known about their early word learning process. This study compared three network growth models on their ability to account for the trajectories of expressive vocabulary acquisition in autistic and non-autistic children.METHODSWe studied expressive vocabularies using item-level data from a child vocabulary checklist (n = 721 records from young autistic children; n = 2,166 records from non-autistic toddlers). We estimated vocabulary growth trajectories for autistic and non-autistic children and assessed the goodness of fit of three models of vocabulary growth, with varying sensitivity to the structure of the environment and the learner's existing vocabulary knowledge. To do so, we first computed word-level acquisition norms that indicate the vocabulary size at which individual words tend to be learned by each group. Then we evaluated how well network growth models, based on natural language co-occurrence structure and word associations, accounted for variance in the autistic and non-autistic acquisition norms.RESULTSOur word-level vocabulary size of acquisition norms closely aligned with age of acquisition data, indicating their utility when age of acquisition norms cannot be derived for neurodivergent populations. Furthermore, we extended key observations and demonstrated that the growth models explained similar amounts of variance in each group. Both groups are biased to learn words that have many connections to words that have been previously learned; however, even after accounting for this learning influence, autistic and non-autistic vocabulary growth trajectories receive an added boost in learning when words are connected to many other words in the learning environment, indicating a similar learning profile.CONCLUSIONSBoth groups preferentially acquire new words by leveraging the semantic structure in the learning environment, indicating an overlap in theoretical accounts of vocabulary growth.
{"title":"Vocabulary development in autistic children: a network growth analysis.","authors":"Eileen Haebig,Stanley West,Christopher R Cox","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70076","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDAutistic children are typically late to develop their expressive vocabulary, but little is known about their early word learning process. This study compared three network growth models on their ability to account for the trajectories of expressive vocabulary acquisition in autistic and non-autistic children.METHODSWe studied expressive vocabularies using item-level data from a child vocabulary checklist (n = 721 records from young autistic children; n = 2,166 records from non-autistic toddlers). We estimated vocabulary growth trajectories for autistic and non-autistic children and assessed the goodness of fit of three models of vocabulary growth, with varying sensitivity to the structure of the environment and the learner's existing vocabulary knowledge. To do so, we first computed word-level acquisition norms that indicate the vocabulary size at which individual words tend to be learned by each group. Then we evaluated how well network growth models, based on natural language co-occurrence structure and word associations, accounted for variance in the autistic and non-autistic acquisition norms.RESULTSOur word-level vocabulary size of acquisition norms closely aligned with age of acquisition data, indicating their utility when age of acquisition norms cannot be derived for neurodivergent populations. Furthermore, we extended key observations and demonstrated that the growth models explained similar amounts of variance in each group. Both groups are biased to learn words that have many connections to words that have been previously learned; however, even after accounting for this learning influence, autistic and non-autistic vocabulary growth trajectories receive an added boost in learning when words are connected to many other words in the learning environment, indicating a similar learning profile.CONCLUSIONSBoth groups preferentially acquire new words by leveraging the semantic structure in the learning environment, indicating an overlap in theoretical accounts of vocabulary growth.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145491520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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