Muhammad Yasir , Zhiliang Zhao , Min Zeng , Sangaraju Shanmugam , Xinyi Zhang
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Ammonia production, mostly for use in fertilizers, currently consumes up to 2% of the world's energy production and accounts for more than 1.6% of global CO2 emissions. Hence, it is essential to develop a sustainable and eco-friendly process for NH3 synthesis. To date, various synthetic techniques have been developed under mild operation conditions. Among them, electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) allows the direct conversion of atmospheric N2 into NH3 from renewables, offering various advantages, So far, most ENRR have been carried out in aqueous electrolytes. However the faradaic efficiency is usually low in such electrolytes, because water or proton reduction to hydrogen competes with nitrogen reduction. Compared to aqueous electrolytes, non-aqueous electrolytes show high electrochemical stability, increased solubility of N2, high selectivity, promoting the ENRR over hydrogen evolution-reactions, hence improving Faradaic efficiency. However, a comprehensive understanding of ENRR in non-aqueous electrolytes remains inadequate, and challenges such as poor selectivity, low current density, and low energy efficiency still remain in practical implementation. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of ENRR in non-aqueous electrolytes. Some technical challenges arising in this field are highlighted and assessed. In the final part, the perspectives are proposed for future research and commercial practice.
期刊介绍:
The development of the Current Opinion journals stemmed from the acknowledgment of the growing challenge for specialists to stay abreast of the expanding volume of information within their field. In Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, they help the reader by providing in a systematic manner:
1.The views of experts on current advances in electrochemistry in a clear and readable form.
2.Evaluations of the most interesting papers, annotated by experts, from the great wealth of original publications.
In the realm of electrochemistry, the subject is divided into 12 themed sections, with each section undergoing an annual review cycle:
• Bioelectrochemistry • Electrocatalysis • Electrochemical Materials and Engineering • Energy Storage: Batteries and Supercapacitors • Energy Transformation • Environmental Electrochemistry • Fundamental & Theoretical Electrochemistry • Innovative Methods in Electrochemistry • Organic & Molecular Electrochemistry • Physical & Nano-Electrochemistry • Sensors & Bio-sensors •