The process and mechanisms of personality change

IF 16.8 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI:10.1038/s44159-024-00295-z
Joshua J. Jackson, Amanda J. Wright
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Abstract

Although personality is relatively stable across the lifespan, there is also ample evidence that it is malleable. This potential for change is important because many individuals want to change aspects of their personality and because personality influences important life outcomes. In this Review, we examine the mechanisms responsible for intentional and naturally occurring changes in personality. We discuss four mechanisms — preconditions, triggers, reinforcers and integrators — that are theorized to produce effective change, as well as the forces that promote stability, thereby thwarting enduring changes. Although these mechanisms are common across theories of personality development, the empirical evidence is mixed and inconclusive. Personality change is most likely to occur gradually over long timescales but abrupt, transformative changes are possible when change is deliberately attempted or as a result of biologically mediated mechanisms. When change does occur, it is often modest in scale. Ultimately, it is difficult to cultivate a completely different personality, but small changes are possible. Personality is relatively stable over long timescales but remains malleable to some degree. In this Review, Jackson and Wright examine the mechanisms responsible for intentional and naturally occurring change as well as mechanisms that promote stability, thereby limiting potential change.

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人格改变的过程和机制
尽管人格在人的一生中相对稳定,但也有大量证据表明它具有可塑性。这种改变的可能性非常重要,因为很多人都想改变自己人格的某些方面,而且人格会影响重要的人生结果。在这篇综述中,我们将研究人格有意和自然发生变化的机制。我们将讨论四种机制--前提条件、触发因素、强化因素和整合因素--据推测,这四种机制会产生有效的改变,同时也会促进稳定,从而阻碍持久的改变。虽然这些机制在人格发展理论中很常见,但实证证据却不尽相同,没有定论。人格的改变最有可能在较长的时间尺度内逐渐发生,但当改变被刻意尝试或作为生物中介机制的结果时,突然的、转变性的改变也是可能的。当改变发生时,其规模往往不大。最终,很难培养出完全不同的人格,但微小的改变是可能的。
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