A Method for 3D Soil Horizonation Using Digital Images

Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI:10.3103/s0147687424010095

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Abstract

Using digital images, we have created a three-dimensional (3D) model of spatial distribution of soil horizons with a mosaic structure. The technique was tested on the developed soddy–podzolic soil of the Chashnikovo Training and Experimental Soil Ecological Center. The 11 sections of the soil profile used to create the model show an area of 30 × 45 cm with a distance of 2.5 cm between the section. The correctness of color rendering of photographic images was checked using a portable spectrophotometer. The color rendition of the best images was corrected using the external standard method. The resulting images were used to create a batch processing file in SAGA GIS to obtain a three-dimensional data array on soil color in the CIE L*a*b* system. Using the Voxler 4 software, we have constructed a 3D model with dimensions of 45 cm (X) × 30 cm (Y) × 25 cm (Z) and a resolution of 0.5 cm (X) × 0.5 cm (Y) × 2.5 cm (Z). Analysis of the spatial distribution of color indicators and the use of the threshold value algorithm have identified horizons A1A2, A2, and A2B. Carbon stocks calculated for the same volume of soil using the 3D model are significantly (by 25%) lower than those calculated using the 2D model. The authors believe that the optical mapping method based on color indicators in the CIE L*a*b* system quite accurately reproduces the natural structure of the boundaries of soil horizons and can be used in further works on modeling and studying soil profiles with a mosaic structure.

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利用数字图像进行三维土壤分层的方法

摘要我们利用数字图像创建了一个具有镶嵌结构的土壤层空间分布三维（3D）模型。该技术在查什尼科沃土壤生态培训与实验中心开发的草皮层土壤上进行了测试。用于创建模型的 11 个土壤剖面图的面积为 30 × 45 厘米，每个剖面图之间的距离为 2.5 厘米。使用便携式分光光度计检查了照片图像显色的正确性。使用外部标准方法校正了最佳图像的色彩呈现。生成的图像用于在 SAGA GIS 中创建批处理文件，以获得 CIE L*a*b* 系统中土壤颜色的三维数据阵列。我们使用 Voxler 4 软件构建了一个三维模型，尺寸为 45 厘米（X）×30 厘米（Y）×25 厘米（Z），分辨率为 0.5 厘米（X）×0.5 厘米（Y）×2.5 厘米（Z）。通过分析颜色指标的空间分布和使用阈值算法，确定了地层 A1A2、A2 和 A2B。使用三维模型计算出的相同体积土壤的碳储量比使用二维模型计算出的碳储量低很多（低 25%）。作者认为，基于 CIE L*a*b* 系统颜色指标的光学绘图方法相当准确地再现了土壤层边界的自然结构，可用于对具有镶嵌结构的土壤剖面进行建模和研究的进一步工作中。

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Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin

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