Associations Between Social Deprivation, Cognitive Heath, and Depression among Older Adults in India: Evidence from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI)

IF 1.3 Q2 SOCIAL WORK Global Social Welfare Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI:10.1007/s40609-024-00336-8
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Abstract

Background

Cognitive health declines with age and is directly linked to biological changes as people age. However, socioeconomic factors play an essential role in the level and change of cognitive health and the onset of depression in older adults. This study attempts to assess the association between social deprivation, cognitive health, and depression among older persons in India.

Data and Methods

The Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) Wave One, collected in India between 2017 and 2018, was used for this study. Several measures, including education, wealth quintile, working status, and living arrangements, were included in the Social Deprivation Index (SDI), constructed using hedonic weights. The hedonic weights were calculated using the standardized coefficients from the ordered probit regression by taking self-rated life satisfaction as the dependent variable. The Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale was used to assess depressive symptoms. Multiple logistic regressions established the association between poor cognitive health, depressive symptoms and SDI..

Results

The descriptive findings reveal that 31.7% of people with high social deprivation have poor cognitive health compared to only 8.1% of people with lower social deprivation. Furthermore, 60.5% of people with higher social deprivation have depressive symptoms compared to 25.8% of people with lower social deprivation. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) using multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that individuals with high social deprivation are 2.31 times likelier to be in poor cognitive health and 3.58 times more likely to experience depressive symptoms compared to individuals with low social deprivation after adjusting for socio-economic and demographic characteristics.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that high social deprivation is associated with depression and cognitive health decline. Policymakers and planners should devise policies for elderly people to reduce social isolation and include leisure activities in their daily lives. Free health insurance and specialist care for the elderly can relieve the stress of paying for their healthcare at older ages and improve their mental and cognitive health.

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印度老年人中社会贫困、认知健康和抑郁之间的关系:来自印度老龄化纵向研究(LASI)的证据
摘要 背景 认知健康会随着年龄的增长而下降,并与人的生理变化直接相关。然而,社会经济因素对老年人认知健康的水平和变化以及抑郁症的发病起着至关重要的作用。本研究试图评估印度老年人的社会贫困、认知健康和抑郁之间的关联。 数据和方法 本研究采用了 2017 年至 2018 年期间在印度收集的印度老龄化纵向研究(LASI)第一波数据。包括教育程度、财富五分位数、工作状况和生活安排在内的多项衡量指标被纳入社会剥夺指数(SDI),该指数使用享乐权重构建。享乐权重是以自评生活满意度为因变量,利用有序概率回归的标准化系数计算得出的。流行病学研究中心抑郁量表(CES-D)用于评估抑郁症状。多重逻辑回归确定了认知健康不良、抑郁症状和 SDI 之间的关联。 结果 描述性研究结果显示,31.7%的社会贫困程度较高的人认知健康状况较差,而社会贫困程度较低的人认知健康状况较差的比例仅为 8.1%。此外,60.5% 社会贫困程度较高的人有抑郁症状,而社会贫困程度较低的人只有 25.8%。利用多元逻辑回归分析得出的调整比值(AOR)表明,在调整社会经济和人口特征后,与社会贫困程度低的人相比,社会贫困程度高的人认知健康状况差的可能性是社会贫困程度低的人的 2.31 倍,出现抑郁症状的可能性是社会贫困程度低的人的 3.58 倍。 结论 研究结果表明,高度社会贫困与抑郁和认知健康下降有关。政策制定者和规划者应为老年人制定政策,以减少社会隔离,并将休闲活动纳入他们的日常生活。为老年人提供免费医疗保险和专科护理可减轻他们年老时支付医疗费用的压力,并改善他们的精神和认知健康。
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来源期刊
Global Social Welfare
Global Social Welfare SOCIAL WORK-
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
31
期刊介绍: This journal brings together research that informs the fields of global social work, social development, and social welfare policy and practice. It serves as an outlet for manuscripts and brief reports of interdisciplinary applied research which advance knowledge about global threats to the well-being of individuals, groups, families and communities. This research spans the full range of problems including global poverty, food and housing insecurity, economic development, environmental safety, social determinants of health, maternal and child health, mental health, addiction, disease and illness, gender and income inequality, human rights and social justice, access to health care and social resources, strengthening care and service delivery, trauma, crises, and responses to natural disasters, war, violence, population movements and trafficking, war and refugees, immigration/migration, human trafficking, orphans and vulnerable children.  Research that recognizes the significant link between individuals, families and communities and their external environments, as well as the interrelatedness of race, cultural, context and poverty, will be particularly welcome.
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