Toxicity of MDA (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine) considered for relevance to hazards of MDMA (Ecstasy) abuse.

Alcohol and drug research Pub Date : 1987-01-01
W M Davis, H T Hatoum, I W Waters
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Abstract

Despite a paucity of data on its animal pharmacology and toxicology, MDMA [Ecstasy, XTC, ADAM; (+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine] was introduced as an "underground" (FDA-unapproved) adjunct to psychotherapy in the late 1970's and early 1980's, in addition to its use as a recreational drug. Analysis of the limited experimental literature indicates that LD50's for MDMA in five species by several routes of administration tend to predict a significant human toxicity. MDMA was either equally toxic or slightly to moderately less toxic than its close congener, MDA, (+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine. It is suggested that extrapolation of the pharmacologic/toxicologic data available for MDA to MDMA should be assumed to be valid until disproven. Recently published canine data describe physiologic disturbances caused by acute overdosage of MDA, and also indicate the utility of chlorpromazine as an antidote preventing fatalities associated with severe hyperthermia, lactacidemia, hypertension and tachycardia. The toxicology of MDMA warrants further direct study in view of its continuing illegal distribution.

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MDA(3,4-亚甲基二氧苯丙胺)的毒性被认为与MDMA(摇头丸)滥用的危害有关。
尽管缺乏关于其动物药理学和毒理学的数据,MDMA[摇头丸,XTC, ADAM;(+/-)-3,4-亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺]在20世纪70年代末和80年代初作为一种“地下”(未经fda批准)的心理治疗辅助药物被引入,此外它还被用作娱乐性药物。对有限的实验文献的分析表明,MDMA在五个物种中通过几种给药途径的LD50倾向于预测显着的人体毒性。MDMA的毒性与它的近亲(+/-)-3,4-亚甲基二氧苯丙胺的毒性相同或略至中等。建议将现有的从MDA到MDMA的药理学/毒理学数据推断为有效的,直到被证明是错误的。最近发表的犬类数据描述了急性过量丙二醛引起的生理紊乱,也表明氯丙嗪作为解毒剂的效用,可以预防与严重高热、乳酸血症、高血压和心动过速相关的死亡。鉴于其继续非法销售,MDMA的毒理学值得进一步直接研究。
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Cyclo (Leu-Gly) attenuates the striatal dopaminergic supersensitivity induced by chronic morphine. Alcohol preference and regional brain monoamine contents of N/Nih heterogeneous stock rats. Toxicity of MDA (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine) considered for relevance to hazards of MDMA (Ecstasy) abuse. Alprazolam dependence in mice. Chronic cocaine administration induces opposite changes in dopamine receptors in the striatum and nucleus accumbens.
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