Synergistic role of agriculture production, fertilizer use, tourism, and renewable energy on CO2 emissions in South Asia: A static and dynamic analysis

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Energy nexus Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI:10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100287
Tanjina Akther, Md. Muhaiminul Islam Selim, Md. Sabbir Hossain, Md. Golam Kibria
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Abstract

The most crucial industries for growth, particularly in developing countries, are agriculture, tourism, and the fertilizer industry. These businesses are also linked to environmental deterioration. The current study uses empirical research to inspect the links between carbon dioxide (CO2) secretions and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) progression, government expenditure, tourism, fertilizer usage, renewable and non-renewable energies, and agricultural production. Information commencing from six South Asian nations is used to produce the findings between 1991 and 2019. Following the establishment of stationary and cointegration, a static analysis using a Fixed Effect and Random Effect Model and a dynamic analysis using a One Step Difference and System GMM (Generalized Method of Moments) are performed. This article employs Mean Group (MG) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) approaches to increase robustness, while multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, and Cross-Sectional Dependency (CSD) are used for post-estimation. According to the study, the selected South Asian region's agricultural, fertilizer use, non-renewable energy use, tourism, GDP growth, and government spending all result in a rise in CO2 emissions, while using clean energy reduces those emissions and is crucial to reducing those emissions. The study offers some policy ramifications concerning green farming and tourism.

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南亚农业生产、化肥使用、旅游业和可再生能源对二氧化碳排放的协同作用:静态和动态分析
农业、旅游业和化肥工业是最关键的增长产业,在发展中国家尤其如此。这些行业也与环境恶化有关。本研究通过实证研究,考察二氧化碳(CO2)分泌量与国内生产总值(GDP)增长、政府支出、旅游业、化肥使用量、可再生能源和不可再生能源以及农业生产之间的联系。研究使用了六个南亚国家 1991 年至 2019 年间的信息来得出结论。在建立了静态和协整关系后,使用固定效应和随机效应模型进行了静态分析,并使用一步差分法和系统 GMM(广义矩法)进行了动态分析。本文采用均值组(MG)和增量均值组(AMG)方法来提高稳健性,同时采用多共线性、异方差、自相关和截面依赖(CSD)进行后估计。研究显示,所选南亚地区的农业、化肥使用、不可再生能源使用、旅游业、GDP 增长和政府支出都会导致二氧化碳排放量增加,而使用清洁能源则会减少这些排放,并且对减少这些排放至关重要。该研究提出了一些有关绿色农业和旅游业的政策影响。
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来源期刊
Energy nexus
Energy nexus Energy (General), Ecological Modelling, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Water Science and Technology, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (General)
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
109 days
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