Wilding cities for biodiversity and people: a transdisciplinary framework

IF 11 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Biological Reviews Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI:10.1111/brv.13076
Sébastien Bonthoux, Simon Chollet
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Accelerating urbanisation and associated lifestyle changes result in loss of biodiversity and diminished wellbeing of people through fewer direct interactions and experiences with nature. In this review, we propose the notion of urban wilding (the promotion of autonomous ecological processes that are independent of historical land-use conditions, with minimal direct human maintenance and planting interventions) and investigate its propensity to improve biodiversity and people–nature connections in cities. Through a large interdisciplinary synthesis, we explore the ecological mechanisms through which urban wilding can promote biodiversity in cities, investigate the attitudes and relations of city dwellers towards urban wild spaces, and discuss the integration of urban wilding into the fabric of cities and its governance. We show that favouring assembly spontaneity by reducing planting interventions, and functional spontaneity by limiting maintenance practices, can promote plant diversity and provide ecological resources for numerous organisms at habitat and city scales. These processes could reverse biotic homogenisation, but further studies are needed to understand the effects of wilding on invasive species and their consequences. From a socio-ecological perspective, the attitudes of city dwellers towards spontaneous vegetation are modulated by successional stages, with grassland and woodland stages preferred, but dense shrubby vegetation stages disliked. Wild spaces can diversify physical interactions with nature, and enrich multi-sensory, affective and cognitive experiences of nature in cities. However, some aspects of wild spaces can cause anxiety, feeling unsafe, and the perception of abandonment. These negative attitudes could be mitigated by subtle design and maintenance interventions. While nature has long been thought of as ornamental and instrumental in cities, urban wilding could help to develop relational and intrinsic values of nature in the fabric of cities. Wildness and its singular aesthetics should be combined with cultural norms, resident uses and urban functions to plan and design urban spatial configurations promoting human–non-human cohabitation. For urban wilding to be socially just and adapted to the needs of residents, its implementation should be backed by inclusive governance opening up discussion forums to residents and urban workers. Scientists can support these changes by collaborating with urban actors to design and experiment with new wild spaces promoting biodiversity and wellbeing of people in cities.

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为生物多样性和人类野化城市:跨学科框架。
城市化进程的加快以及与之相关的生活方式的改变导致生物多样性的丧失,人们与大自然的直接互动和体验也随之减少。在这篇综述中,我们提出了城市野化的概念(促进独立于历史土地使用条件的自主生态过程,尽量减少人类的直接维护和种植干预),并研究了其改善城市生物多样性和人与自然联系的倾向。通过大量的跨学科综合研究,我们探索了城市野生化促进城市生物多样性的生态机制,调查了城市居民对城市野生空间的态度和关系,并讨论了城市野生化与城市结构及其治理的结合。我们的研究表明,通过减少种植干预来促进组合的自发性,以及通过限制维护措施来促进功能的自发性,可以促进植物多样性,并在栖息地和城市范围内为众多生物提供生态资源。这些过程可以扭转生物同质化的趋势,但还需要进一步研究,以了解野生化对入侵物种的影响及其后果。从社会生态学的角度来看,城市居民对自发植被的态度受演替阶段的影响,他们喜欢草地和林地阶段,但不喜欢茂密的灌木植被阶段。野生空间可以使人与自然的物理互动多样化,丰富城市居民对自然的多感官、情感和认知体验。然而,野生空间的某些方面可能会引起焦虑、不安全感和被遗弃感。这些负面态度可以通过微妙的设计和维护干预措施来缓解。长期以来,自然一直被认为是城市的装饰品和工具,而城市野化则有助于在城市结构中发展自然的关系价值和内在价值。野性及其独特的美学应与文化规范、居民用途和城市功能相结合,以规划和设计促进人与非人共处的城市空间布局。要使城市野生化具有社会公正性并适应居民的需求,其实施应得到包容性治理的支持,向居民和城市工作者开放讨论论坛。科学家可以通过与城市参与者合作,设计和试验新的野生空间,促进生物多样性和城市居民的福祉,从而支持这些变革。
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来源期刊
Biological Reviews
Biological Reviews 生物-生物学
CiteScore
21.30
自引率
2.00%
发文量
99
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Biological Reviews is a scientific journal that covers a wide range of topics in the biological sciences. It publishes several review articles per issue, which are aimed at both non-specialist biologists and researchers in the field. The articles are scholarly and include extensive bibliographies. Authors are instructed to be aware of the diverse readership and write their articles accordingly. The reviews in Biological Reviews serve as comprehensive introductions to specific fields, presenting the current state of the art and highlighting gaps in knowledge. Each article can be up to 20,000 words long and includes an abstract, a thorough introduction, and a statement of conclusions. The journal focuses on publishing synthetic reviews, which are based on existing literature and address important biological questions. These reviews are interesting to a broad readership and are timely, often related to fast-moving fields or new discoveries. A key aspect of a synthetic review is that it goes beyond simply compiling information and instead analyzes the collected data to create a new theoretical or conceptual framework that can significantly impact the field. Biological Reviews is abstracted and indexed in various databases, including Abstracts on Hygiene & Communicable Diseases, Academic Search, AgBiotech News & Information, AgBiotechNet, AGRICOLA Database, GeoRef, Global Health, SCOPUS, Weed Abstracts, and Reaction Citation Index, among others.
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