Higher Doses of Calcium Associated With Survival in Trauma Patients

Abstract

Introduction

Calcium is required for coagulation, cardiac output, and peripheral vascular resistance. Between 85% and 94% of trauma patients treated with massive blood transfusion develop hypocalcemia.¹ The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between increased intravenous calcium administration during massive transfusion and improved survival of trauma patients.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of trauma patients who received massive transfusion over a 2-y period. Doses of elemental calcium administered per unit of blood product transfused were calculated by calcium to blood product ratio (CBR). Chi-square test evaluated association between coagulopathy and 30-d mortality. Two-sample t-test evaluated association between CBR and coagulopathy. Bivariate regression analysis evaluated association between CBR and blood products transfused per patient. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, sex, coagulopathy, and Injury Severity Score evaluated the association between CBR and mortality.

Results

The study included 77 patients. Coagulopathy was associated with increased 30-d mortality (P < 0.05). Patients who survived had higher CBR than those who died (P < 0.05). CBR was associated with a significant reduction in total blood products transfused per patient (P < 0.05). CBR was not associated with coagulopathy (P = 0.24). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that Injury Severity Score ≥16, coagulopathy and decreased CBR were significant predictors of mortality (P < 0.05). CBR above 50 mg was a predictor of survival (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Higher doses of calcium given per blood product transfused were associated with improved 30-d survival and decreased blood product transfusions.