Diversity of haemoparasites in migratory small ruminants of Himalayas, India

IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Small Ruminant Research Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107255
Gopinath Devi , Putan Singh , Umesh Dimri , Siju Susan Jacob , Gauri Jairath , Jobin Jose Kattoor , P. Preena , Y. Ajith , Gorakh Mal , Rinku Sharma , Surender Kumar , Rajni Chaudhary , Ajayta Rialch , Birbal Singh
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Abstract

Vector-borne haemoparasitic diseases of migratory small ruminants have been less explored to date. Therefore, transhumant migratory sheep and goats of the Himalayas were molecularly screened for various vector-borne pathogens like Anaplasma, Theileria, Babesia, Anaplasma marginale, Theileria luwenshuni, Theileria orientalis, and Trypanosoma evansi using their specific primers. Out of the 171 animals screened, 73.09% of the animals were infected with Anaplasma spp. and 74.85% of the animals with Theileria spp., while no animals were found infected with Babesia spp. and Trypanosoma evansi. In a quest to identify the species, a few positive PCR amplicons representing Anaplasma spp., Theileria spp., and Theileria/Babesia spp. were sequenced. The sequences obtained were further BLAST analyzed to reveal maximum identity with Anaplasma capra (100%), Theileria luwenshuni (99.71%), and Theileria sinensis (98.73%). Among them Theileria luwenshuni was further confirmed with their species-specific PCR and the positive amplicons were sequenced and BLAST analysed to reveal their maximumsimilarity with Chinese isolates rather than Indian isolates. Further, phylogenetic analyses of the resulting sequences were conducted to identify their evolutionary history. It revealed that 1100 bp- amplicons of Theileria spp. were showing maximum likeness to Theileria sp. MK, a non-transforming Theileria. This is the first report of zoonotic Anaplasma capra and Theileria sp. MK in small ruminants from India and it could be mostly due to their transboundary migration history through the Indo-Tibetan border during summer seasons as a part of the traditional migratory system of livestock rearing practice in the Himalayas. The high prevalence of haemoparasites in migratory small ruminants calls for the adoption of effective control measures.

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印度喜马拉雅山脉迁徙小反刍动物血液寄生虫的多样性
迄今为止,对迁徙小反刍动物的病媒血吸虫病的研究较少。因此,我们利用喜马拉雅山脉的转场迁徙绵羊和山羊的特异引物,对各种病媒传播的病原体进行了分子筛查,如阿纳普拉斯原虫、Theileria、巴贝西亚原虫、Anaplasma marginale、Theileria luwenshuni、Theileria orientalis 和 Trypanosoma evansi。在筛查的 171 只动物中,73.09% 的动物感染了阿纳帕原虫,74.85% 的动物感染了卢温舒尼氏马勒氏虫,没有发现动物感染巴贝西亚原虫和埃文斯锥虫。为了确定物种,对代表阿纳普拉丝虫属、泰勒虫属和泰勒虫属/巴贝西亚虫属的几个阳性 PCR 扩增子进行了测序。进一步对所获得的序列进行 BLAST 分析,结果显示与卡氏无形体(100%)、吕文舒尼毛癣菌(99.71%)和中华毛癣菌(98.73%)的相同度最高。对阳性扩增子进行了测序和 BLAST 分析,发现它们与中国分离物而不是印度分离物的相似度最高。此外,还对所得序列进行了系统进化分析,以确定其进化历史。结果表明,1100 bp 的蒂勒氏菌扩增子与蒂勒氏菌 MK(一种非转化蒂勒氏菌)的相似度最高。这是印度首次报告小型反刍动物中的人畜共患疟原虫和疟原虫MK,其主要原因可能是作为喜马拉雅山地区传统的牲畜饲养迁徙系统的一部分,小型反刍动物在夏季通过印藏边境进行跨境迁徙。迁徙小反刍动物血液寄生虫的高流行率要求采取有效的控制措施。
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来源期刊
Small Ruminant Research
Small Ruminant Research 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
11.10%
发文量
210
审稿时长
12.5 weeks
期刊介绍: Small Ruminant Research publishes original, basic and applied research articles, technical notes, and review articles on research relating to goats, sheep, deer, the New World camelids llama, alpaca, vicuna and guanaco, and the Old World camels. Topics covered include nutrition, physiology, anatomy, genetics, microbiology, ethology, product technology, socio-economics, management, sustainability and environment, veterinary medicine and husbandry engineering.
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