Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107403
Daina JONKUS , Liga PAURA
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the parameters of genetic diversity, the level of inbreeding and effective population size based on pedigree data in genetic resources Latvian Darkheaded Old Type (LTV) sheep breed population. The study was based on genetic resources rams and ewes pedigree data that were alive in 2020. The pedigree data is available from 1976 with a total number of animals 2295 – 1817 (407 rams and 1410 ewes) with and 478 without progeny. Starting from the 2000 four generations completeness progressively increased and was higher than 70 %. In 2020, the pedigree completeness (PC) for the first generation was 100 % and for the fourth generation was around 90 %. The average number of generations in the LTV pedigree for inbreed animals is 10.2 ± 0.07 generations. The number of inbreed animals in data set was 1177 with an average inbreeding coefficient 2.75 %. A positive change was found in the population of alive animals, where the level of inbreeding decreased and reached 2.36 %, however, 7.4 % of alive animals have a level of inbreeding greater than 5 %. The number of Ne in the LTV population within the last five years (2015 – 2020) is decreasing from 124 and in 2020 reached 108 animals. The changes in genetic diversity of the LTV population are explainable due to the greater restrictions in the LTV breeding programme, where from 2015 only purebred animals with 100 % LTV were accepted as genetic resources or the LT old-type sheep breed.
{"title":"Analysis of genetic diversity in latvian darkheaded sheep population","authors":"Daina JONKUS , Liga PAURA","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the parameters of genetic diversity, the level of inbreeding and effective population size based on pedigree data in genetic resources Latvian Darkheaded Old Type (LTV) sheep breed population. The study was based on genetic resources rams and ewes pedigree data that were alive in 2020. The pedigree data is available from 1976 with a total number of animals 2295 – 1817 (407 rams and 1410 ewes) with and 478 without progeny. Starting from the 2000 four generations completeness progressively increased and was higher than 70 %. In 2020, the pedigree completeness (PC) for the first generation was 100 % and for the fourth generation was around 90 %. The average number of generations in the LTV pedigree for inbreed animals is 10.2 ± 0.07 generations. The number of inbreed animals in data set was 1177 with an average inbreeding coefficient 2.75 %. A positive change was found in the population of alive animals, where the level of inbreeding decreased and reached 2.36 %, however, 7.4 % of alive animals have a level of inbreeding greater than 5 %. The number of <em>Ne</em> in the LTV population within the last five years (2015 – 2020) is decreasing from 124 and in 2020 reached 108 animals. The changes in genetic diversity of the LTV population are explainable due to the greater restrictions in the LTV breeding programme, where from 2015 only purebred animals with 100 % LTV were accepted as genetic resources or the LT old-type sheep breed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 107403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107402
Amritanshu Upadhyay , Rani Alex , M.S. Dige , Shweta Sahoo , Kashif Dawood Khan , Pradyut Das , Vikas Vohra , G.R. Gowane
This study focused on the accurate genetic evaluation of a small dairy flock of crossbred dairy goats, specifically developed for high milk production in the Indian sub-tropical climate. The study was conducted on Saanen x Beetal (SxB) crossbred goats, which utilized 12,660 test day records for first parity. Additionally, complete lactation records (N=1283) across multiple parities and for the first parity (N=659) were analyzed separately for genetic evaluation. The main traits examined were 150-day milk yield (150DMY), days in milk (DIM), peak yield (PY), and total milk yield (TMY), with averages of 198.80±2.83 kg, 227.90±4.18 days, 1.17±0.02 kg, and 262.40±6.12 kg, respectively, highlighting the genetic superiority of SB goats over native Indian goats. Across parities, the estimates for 150DMY, DIM, and TMY were 230±6.16 kg, 210±7.0 days, and 277±11.82 kg, respectively. Given the moderate heritability (0.24±0.08) and repeatability (0.29±0.04) estimates of 150DMY, the study recommends using 150DMY as the primary selection criterion for genetic improvement in SxB goats. The single-trait random regression model (RRM) utilizing various orders of orthogonal Legendre polynomials (LEG) and B-spline (BS) functions with heterogeneous residual variances was also employed. The test day milk yield (TDMY) showed a least squares mean of 1.30±0.01 kg, with moderate heritability estimates across test days (0.26±0.08). The optimal model was identified as a quadratic B-spline function with six knots (BS6Q). Positive genetic correlations were observed between consecutive test-day milk yield values, while correlations decreased for more distant test days. The study demonstrated the superiority of the B-spline model in genetically assessing Saanen x Beetal dairy goats, highlighting its benefits in curve fitting, genetic parameter estimation, and higher breeding value prediction accuracy. Looking into the moderate heritability and desirable genetic correlation of 150 DMY with other lactation traits, we recommend using 150 DMY for further selection programs. As the concordance of ranking between different approaches for breeding value prediction was high, we recommend using the random regression test day model (RR-TDM) when data recording across lactation is costly.
{"title":"Optimizing the genetic evaluation criteria for the small herd of Saanen x Beetal crossbred dairy goats of Indian sub-tropic","authors":"Amritanshu Upadhyay , Rani Alex , M.S. Dige , Shweta Sahoo , Kashif Dawood Khan , Pradyut Das , Vikas Vohra , G.R. Gowane","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focused on the accurate genetic evaluation of a small dairy flock of crossbred dairy goats, specifically developed for high milk production in the Indian sub-tropical climate. The study was conducted on Saanen x Beetal (SxB) crossbred goats, which utilized 12,660 test day records for first parity. Additionally, complete lactation records (N=1283) across multiple parities and for the first parity (N=659) were analyzed separately for genetic evaluation. The main traits examined were 150-day milk yield (150DMY), days in milk (DIM), peak yield (PY), and total milk yield (TMY), with averages of 198.80±2.83 kg, 227.90±4.18 days, 1.17±0.02 kg, and 262.40±6.12 kg, respectively, highlighting the genetic superiority of SB goats over native Indian goats. Across parities, the estimates for 150DMY, DIM, and TMY were 230±6.16 kg, 210±7.0 days, and 277±11.82 kg, respectively. Given the moderate heritability (0.24±0.08) and repeatability (0.29±0.04) estimates of 150DMY, the study recommends using 150DMY as the primary selection criterion for genetic improvement in SxB goats. The single-trait random regression model (RRM) utilizing various orders of orthogonal Legendre polynomials (LEG) and B-spline (BS) functions with heterogeneous residual variances was also employed. The test day milk yield (TDMY) showed a least squares mean of 1.30±0.01 kg, with moderate heritability estimates across test days (0.26±0.08). The optimal model was identified as a quadratic B-spline function with six knots (BS6Q). Positive genetic correlations were observed between consecutive test-day milk yield values, while correlations decreased for more distant test days. The study demonstrated the superiority of the B-spline model in genetically assessing Saanen x Beetal dairy goats, highlighting its benefits in curve fitting, genetic parameter estimation, and higher breeding value prediction accuracy. Looking into the moderate heritability and desirable genetic correlation of 150 DMY with other lactation traits, we recommend using 150 DMY for further selection programs. As the concordance of ranking between different approaches for breeding value prediction was high, we recommend using the random regression test day model (RR-TDM) when data recording across lactation is costly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 107402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142719628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107404
Melis Çelik Güney, Nazan Koluman
Numerous studies have highlighted the detrimental effects of COVID-19 disruptions on various aspects of rural farming communities worldwide, including economic status, food security and nutritional status. However, despite this extensive literature, there is a striking gap in understanding the nuanced impacts of these disruptions on different segments of smallholder goat keepers, particularly in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkiye. The aim of this study is to shed light on the multifaceted impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on goat farming and the local community in rural areas. Data was collected to examine the impact of COVID-19 on various dimensions such as input use, agricultural production (livestock and crops, etc.), market accessibility and food safety among goat farmers in Tufanbeyli, Feke and Karatas districts of Turkiye. The results showed that goat farming in rural areas under the pressure of COVID-19 had a negative impact on input management and marketing. In addition, it was found that breeders suffered economic setbacks, particularly due to the disruption to production and family nutrition caused by COVID-19.
{"title":"Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on goat farming systems in rural mediterranean regions","authors":"Melis Çelik Güney, Nazan Koluman","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous studies have highlighted the detrimental effects of COVID-19 disruptions on various aspects of rural farming communities worldwide, including economic status, food security and nutritional status. However, despite this extensive literature, there is a striking gap in understanding the nuanced impacts of these disruptions on different segments of smallholder goat keepers, particularly in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkiye. The aim of this study is to shed light on the multifaceted impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on goat farming and the local community in rural areas. Data was collected to examine the impact of COVID-19 on various dimensions such as input use, agricultural production (livestock and crops, etc.), market accessibility and food safety among goat farmers in Tufanbeyli, Feke and Karatas districts of Turkiye. The results showed that goat farming in rural areas under the pressure of COVID-19 had a negative impact on input management and marketing. In addition, it was found that breeders suffered economic setbacks, particularly due to the disruption to production and family nutrition caused by COVID-19.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 107404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107391
Rauane Sousa de Moura , Beatriz Câmara Landim , Daianny Pires de Freitas , Jéssica Rocha Gonçalves , Rosângela de Oliveira Alves Carvalho , Leandro Guimarães Franco
Sheep are widely used in cardiovascular system research with emphasis in translational research for the echocardiographic diagnosis of heart diseases. Several studies have proposed reference values for the various echocardiographic parameters in healthy sheep. It is known that breed, age, sex and the technique used can contribute to changes in echocardiographic parameters, the reason for investigations in Dorper sheep echocardiography. The aim of study was to establish reference two-dimensional, m-mode and Doppler-derived echocardiographic parameters in standing Dorper sheep and to determine whether there is an influence of sex on echocardiographic parameters. Sixty-five pure Dorper lambs with 3–5 months of age, weighing 29.47 ± 3.1 kg were used. The Doppler echocardiographic was conducted in a standing position through right parasternal windows for the long axis of the left ventricular outflow tract, short axis at the level of the papillary muscles, mitral valve, aortic valve, and left atrium; and left parasternal for the cranial long axis of the right ventricular outflow tract. Significant differences between males and females were noted in left ventricular free wall (LVFW) measurements during diastole (P = 0.03) and systole (P = 0.04), as well as in output by pulmonary artery flow (DCPA) values (P = 0.03). This study successfully established Doppler echocardiographic reference values for cardiac dimensions, left ventricular systolic function, and pulmonary artery flow in healthy lamb Dorper in a standing position.
{"title":"Two-dimensional, m-mode and doppler-derived echocardiographic parameters in standing healthy dorper sheep","authors":"Rauane Sousa de Moura , Beatriz Câmara Landim , Daianny Pires de Freitas , Jéssica Rocha Gonçalves , Rosângela de Oliveira Alves Carvalho , Leandro Guimarães Franco","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sheep are widely used in cardiovascular system research with emphasis in translational research for the echocardiographic diagnosis of heart diseases. Several studies have proposed reference values for the various echocardiographic parameters in healthy sheep. It is known that breed, age, sex and the technique used can contribute to changes in echocardiographic parameters, the reason for investigations in Dorper sheep echocardiography. The aim of study was to establish reference two-dimensional, m-mode and Doppler-derived echocardiographic parameters in standing Dorper sheep and to determine whether there is an influence of sex on echocardiographic parameters. Sixty-five pure Dorper lambs with 3–5 months of age, weighing 29.47 ± 3.1 kg were used. The Doppler echocardiographic was conducted in a standing position through right parasternal windows for the long axis of the left ventricular outflow tract, short axis at the level of the papillary muscles, mitral valve, aortic valve, and left atrium; and left parasternal for the cranial long axis of the right ventricular outflow tract. Significant differences between males and females were noted in left ventricular free wall (LVFW) measurements during diastole (P = 0.03) and systole (P = 0.04), as well as in output by pulmonary artery flow (DC<sub>PA</sub>) values (P = 0.03). This study successfully established Doppler echocardiographic reference values for cardiac dimensions, left ventricular systolic function, and pulmonary artery flow in healthy lamb Dorper in a standing position.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 107391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107401
Fernando Lucio-Ruíz , Juan Eduardo Godina-Rodríguez , Lorenzo Danilo Granados-Rivera , José Felipe Orzuna-Orzuna , Santiago Joaquín-Cancino , Pedro Abel Hernández-García
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with flavonoids on growth performance, antioxidant status, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and meat quality of small ruminants through a meta-analytic approach. The data used in the meta-analysis were extracted from 29 scientific articles identified through systematic searches following the PRISMA methodology. Der-Simonian and Laird, random effects models, were used to assess effect sizes using weighted mean differences. Dietary supplementation with flavonoids increased (P < 0.05) dry matter intake, average daily gain, hot carcass weight, hot carcass yield, Longissimus dorsi muscle area, and backfat thickness. In contrast, the feed conversion ratio decreased (P < 0.05) in response to dietary flavonoid supplementation. Dietary supplementation with flavonoids increased (P < 0.001) the serum concentration of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity but decreased (P < 0.001) the serum concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber increased (P < 0.05) in response to dietary flavonoid supplementation. Dietary supplementation with flavonoids decreased (P < 0.001) the ruminal concentration of ammonia nitrogen and increased (P < 0.001) the ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids and acetate. Dietary supplementation with flavonoids decreased (P < 0.001) cooking loss, shear force, and MDA in meat. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with flavonoids can be used as a nutritional strategy to improve growth performance, antioxidant status in blood serum, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and meat quality in small ruminants.
{"title":"Meta-analysis of dietary supplementation with flavonoids in small ruminants: Growth performance, antioxidant status, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and meat quality","authors":"Fernando Lucio-Ruíz , Juan Eduardo Godina-Rodríguez , Lorenzo Danilo Granados-Rivera , José Felipe Orzuna-Orzuna , Santiago Joaquín-Cancino , Pedro Abel Hernández-García","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with flavonoids on growth performance, antioxidant status, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and meat quality of small ruminants through a meta-analytic approach. The data used in the meta-analysis were extracted from 29 scientific articles identified through systematic searches following the PRISMA methodology. Der-Simonian and Laird, random effects models, were used to assess effect sizes using weighted mean differences. Dietary supplementation with flavonoids increased (<em>P</em> < 0.05) dry matter intake, average daily gain, hot carcass weight, hot carcass yield, <em>Longissimus dorsi</em> muscle area, and backfat thickness. In contrast, the feed conversion ratio decreased (<em>P</em> < 0.05) in response to dietary flavonoid supplementation. Dietary supplementation with flavonoids increased (<em>P</em> < 0.001) the serum concentration of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity but decreased (<em>P</em> < 0.001) the serum concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber increased (<em>P</em> < 0.05) in response to dietary flavonoid supplementation. Dietary supplementation with flavonoids decreased (<em>P</em> < 0.001) the ruminal concentration of ammonia nitrogen and increased (<em>P</em> < 0.001) the ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids and acetate. Dietary supplementation with flavonoids decreased (<em>P</em> < 0.001) cooking loss, shear force, and MDA in meat. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with flavonoids can be used as a nutritional strategy to improve growth performance, antioxidant status in blood serum, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and meat quality in small ruminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 107401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107393
Anna Vaughan , Alan Brent
The mitigation of climate change will require the large-scale uptake of renewable energy generation, in particular wind and solar. Utility-scale solar photovoltaics (PVs), or solar farms, will necessitate the transformation of agricultural land. Agrivoltaics is the dual land-usage solution with the integration of solar PV arrays with ongoing agricultural production. The farming of ruminants, especially sheep, is particularly suited for agrivoltaics in that little modification of the infrastructure is required to accommodate sheep grazing beneath and between the PV arrays. However, many uncertainties remain and this review paper provides more insights into the technology, the role of small ruminants, the potential impacts on agriculture productivity and the land, as well as other sustainability aspects of agrivoltaics. Previous and ongoing research suggests there are (potentially) mutual benefits for both operations to occur on the same land – if the integration is designed well. The sheep aid solar farm operators with maintenance aspects, specifically vegetation management and associated costs. The PV arrays influence the microclimate conditions on the farm in terms of wind speed (and direction), temperature and humidity, including rain distribution, providing for better animal welfare in terms of heat stress and protection against harsh weather – especially in the face of climate change. The construction process does have a negative impact on the soil, but the land can be restored in a short period of time. Once operational, the soil is positively impacted with better moisture retention and vegetation growth improves in hotter months. The widespread shading also means (potentially) a better distribution of urination events with less overloading on the land and lower leachate, although more field trials are required. Overall, the available evidence suggests that the environmental performance of agrivoltaics is positive. Apart from the impact on the land, the life cycle of the systems have low material and carbon footprints, with short carbon and energy payback periods, emphasising the role of agrivoltaics in the energy transition. Further quantifications of many aspects are needed with longitudinal data from different climate contexts around the world.
{"title":"Agrivoltaics for small ruminants: A review","authors":"Anna Vaughan , Alan Brent","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mitigation of climate change will require the large-scale uptake of renewable energy generation, in particular wind and solar. Utility-scale solar photovoltaics (PVs), or solar farms, will necessitate the transformation of agricultural land. Agrivoltaics is the dual land-usage solution with the integration of solar PV arrays with ongoing agricultural production. The farming of ruminants, especially sheep, is particularly suited for agrivoltaics in that little modification of the infrastructure is required to accommodate sheep grazing beneath and between the PV arrays. However, many uncertainties remain and this review paper provides more insights into the technology, the role of small ruminants, the potential impacts on agriculture productivity and the land, as well as other sustainability aspects of agrivoltaics. Previous and ongoing research suggests there are (potentially) mutual benefits for both operations to occur on the same land – if the integration is designed well. The sheep aid solar farm operators with maintenance aspects, specifically vegetation management and associated costs. The PV arrays influence the microclimate conditions on the farm in terms of wind speed (and direction), temperature and humidity, including rain distribution, providing for better animal welfare in terms of heat stress and protection against harsh weather – especially in the face of climate change. The construction process does have a negative impact on the soil, but the land can be restored in a short period of time. Once operational, the soil is positively impacted with better moisture retention and vegetation growth improves in hotter months. The widespread shading also means (potentially) a better distribution of urination events with less overloading on the land and lower leachate, although more field trials are required. Overall, the available evidence suggests that the environmental performance of agrivoltaics is positive. Apart from the impact on the land, the life cycle of the systems have low material and carbon footprints, with short carbon and energy payback periods, emphasising the role of agrivoltaics in the energy transition. Further quantifications of many aspects are needed with longitudinal data from different climate contexts around the world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 107393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107388
Skala Idrees Hama Faraj , Amir Rashidi , Maliheh Moghim , Mohammad Razmkabir , Peyman Mahmoudi
The present study aimed to compare economic traits of Baluchi as an indigenous purebred and Iran-Black and Arman as synthesized breeds of sheep in Iran. Data of Baluchi, Iran-Black and Arman were collected from the Abbas Abad Breeding Station located in Mashhad, Iran. The studied pre-weaning traits included birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), and survival from birth to weaning (SU). The studied reproductive traits included litter size at birth (LSB), litter size at weaning (LSW), total litter weight at birth (TLWB), and total litter weight at weaning (TLWW). Data was analyzed using the generalized linear model (GLM) procedure in SAS software. The least square means were compared using a Tukey test at a significance level of 0.05. The least square means for BW were 3.87, 3.71 and 3.75 kg, for WW were 20.06, 20.86 and 20.98 kg, and for SU were 88.26, 82.94 and 90.26 percent in Baluchi, Iran-Black and Arman sheep, respectively. The least square means for LSB and LSW were 1.31, 1.59, 1.57 lambs born per ewe and 1.17, 1.31, 1.42 lambs weaned per ewe for Baluchi, Iran-Black and Arman sheep, respectively. The least square means for TLWB in purebred and synthetic breeds differed significantly, with values of 5.66 kg, 6.25 kg, and 6.31 kg for Baluchi, Iran-Black and Arman sheep, respectively. Furthermore, the least square means for TLWW was 28.94 kg, 32.16 kg and 33.67 kg per ewe in Baluchi, Iran-Black and Arman sheep, respectively. The results obtained in this study indicated that TLWW in Iran-Black and Arman ewes increased by approximately 11.13 % and 16.34 % compared to Baluchi ewes, respectively. It can be concluded that crossbreeding Baluchi sheep with foreign breeds to create synthetic breeds has had a positive impact on the efficiency of the sheep industry in Iran.
{"title":"A comparative analysis of economic traits between purebred and synthesized sheep breeds in dry and harsh environments of Iran","authors":"Skala Idrees Hama Faraj , Amir Rashidi , Maliheh Moghim , Mohammad Razmkabir , Peyman Mahmoudi","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed to compare economic traits of Baluchi as an indigenous purebred and Iran-Black and Arman as synthesized breeds of sheep in Iran. Data of Baluchi, Iran-Black and Arman were collected from the Abbas Abad Breeding Station located in Mashhad, Iran. The studied pre-weaning traits included birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), and survival from birth to weaning (SU). The studied reproductive traits included litter size at birth (LSB), litter size at weaning (LSW), total litter weight at birth (TLWB), and total litter weight at weaning (TLWW). Data was analyzed using the generalized linear model (GLM) procedure in SAS software. The least square means were compared using a Tukey test at a significance level of 0.05. The least square means for BW were 3.87, 3.71 and 3.75 kg, for WW were 20.06, 20.86 and 20.98 kg, and for SU were 88.26, 82.94 and 90.26 percent in Baluchi, Iran-Black and Arman sheep, respectively. The least square means for LSB and LSW were 1.31, 1.59, 1.57 lambs born per ewe and 1.17, 1.31, 1.42 lambs weaned per ewe for Baluchi, Iran-Black and Arman sheep, respectively. The least square means for TLWB in purebred and synthetic breeds differed significantly, with values of 5.66 kg, 6.25 kg, and 6.31 kg for Baluchi, Iran-Black and Arman sheep, respectively. Furthermore, the least square means for TLWW was 28.94 kg, 32.16 kg and 33.67 kg per ewe in Baluchi, Iran-Black and Arman sheep, respectively. The results obtained in this study indicated that TLWW in Iran-Black and Arman ewes increased by approximately 11.13 % and 16.34 % compared to Baluchi ewes, respectively. It can be concluded that crossbreeding Baluchi sheep with foreign breeds to create synthetic breeds has had a positive impact on the efficiency of the sheep industry in Iran.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 107388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107389
Nikhija.S. Anil , A. Janus , P.M. Deepa , V.H. Shyma , R. Rajasekhar , Biju.P. Habeeb , Lali F. Anand
Gangrenous mastitis ranks among the most economically significant diseases affecting small ruminants. In the present study, along with clinicopathological studies, the etiological characterisation and the contribution of various virulence factors of caprine gangrenous mastitis was studied. Staphylococcus aureus with colony count ranging from 106 to 108 CFU/mL has been identified as the etiological agent in 15 gangrenous mastitis affected goats based on cultural isolation, biochemical characteristics and molecular confirmation. Haematological and serum biochemical analysis was carried out in the affected goats which revealed leucocytosis with thrombocytopenia and hypoproteinemia. Phenotypic identification of antibiotic resistance revealed significantly high resistance to enrofloxacin, sulpha-trimethoprim, tetracycline, and gentamicin whereas the antibiotics cefoperazone, ceftriaxone- tazobactam and amoxicillin clavulanate showed least resistance. Toxin genes lukMF, and hla were detected in 66.7 per cent and 60 per cent of the isolates respectively. Antibiotic resistant genes blaZ (13.3 %), tetM (20 %), sul1 (13.3 %), mecA (80 %) and biofilm forming genes like icaA (26.6 %) icaD (40 %) were also detected in the S. aureus isolates. Majority of the isolates revealed significantly higher antibiotic resistance along with toxin genes and all the isolates showed biofilm formation. Biofilm forming ability of S. aureus plays a crucial role in its virulence whereas, antimicrobial resistance has a significant role in potentiating the virulence of pathogen.
{"title":"Clinicopathological findings and etiological characterization in caprine gangrenous mastitis","authors":"Nikhija.S. Anil , A. Janus , P.M. Deepa , V.H. Shyma , R. Rajasekhar , Biju.P. Habeeb , Lali F. Anand","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gangrenous mastitis ranks among the most economically significant diseases affecting small ruminants. In the present study, along with clinicopathological studies, the etiological characterisation and the contribution of various virulence factors of caprine gangrenous mastitis was studied. <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> with colony count ranging from 10<sup>6</sup> to 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL has been identified as the etiological agent in 15 gangrenous mastitis affected goats based on cultural isolation, biochemical characteristics and molecular confirmation. Haematological and serum biochemical analysis was carried out in the affected goats which revealed leucocytosis with thrombocytopenia and hypoproteinemia. Phenotypic identification of antibiotic resistance revealed significantly high resistance to enrofloxacin, sulpha-trimethoprim, tetracycline, and gentamicin whereas the antibiotics cefoperazone, ceftriaxone- tazobactam and amoxicillin clavulanate showed least resistance. Toxin genes <em>lukMF, and hla</em> were detected in 66.7 per cent and 60 per cent of the isolates respectively. Antibiotic resistant genes <em>blaZ</em> (13.3 %)<em>, tetM</em> (20 %), <em>sul1</em> (13.3 %)<em>, mecA</em> (80 %) and biofilm forming genes like <em>icaA</em> (26.6 %) <em>icaD</em> (40 %) were also detected in the <em>S. aureus</em> isolates. Majority of the isolates revealed significantly higher antibiotic resistance along with toxin genes and all the isolates showed biofilm formation. Biofilm forming ability of <em>S. aureus</em> plays a crucial role in its virulence whereas, antimicrobial resistance has a significant role in potentiating the virulence of pathogen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 107389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107400
José Carlos García-Cigarroa , Armin Abelardo Luna-Mendicuti , Jorge Rodolfo Canul-Solís , Luis Enrique Castillo-Sanchez , José Herrera-Camacho , Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez , Alfonso J. Chay-Canul
This study aimed to predict body fat depots using ultrasound measurements (USM) of fat thickness and longissimus thoracis muscle characteristics in crossbred hair ewes. A total of 24 animals with a mean body weight (BW) of 37 ± 4 kg and a body condition score of 2.39 ± 0.49 were used. USM was recorded 24 h before slaughter and included: subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), area (LTMA), amplitude (LTA), and depth (LTD) of the l. thoracis muscle and kidney fat thickness (µKFT). After slaughter, the internal fat (IF) was separated, classified, and weighed as mesenteric (MF), omental (OF), or pelvic fat (PF). The left half was then separated into subcutaneous and intermuscular fat (CF), and the muscle and bone tissues were weighed separately and adjusted to take account of the whole animal. Total body fat (TBF) was determined to be the IF plus the CF weights. LTA and LTMA correlated poorly to moderately with fat depots (0.37 ≤ r ≤ 0.74, P < 0.05). Other than CF, µKFT showed poor to moderate correlation with the other depots of body fat (0.44 ≤ r ≤ 0.75, P < 0.05). The regression model used to predict MF had r2 of 0.87 (RSD=0.14 kg) and included BW and LTMA (P<0,05). OF and PF were predicted with r2 of 0.55 and 0.44, respectively, including µKFT (RSD = 0.20 and 0.17 kg). IF was predicted by empty BW, LTMA, and µKFT with r2 as 0.81 (RSD=0.30 kg). For TBF, EBW and LTMA explained 72 % of its variation (RSD= 0.59 kg). USM of fat thickness and l. thoracis muscle characteristics can improve the accuracy of predicting body energy reserves in crossbred hair ewes.
{"title":"Use of real-time ultrasound measurements of fat thickness and longissimus thoracis muscle characteristics for predicting body fat depots in crossbred hair ewes","authors":"José Carlos García-Cigarroa , Armin Abelardo Luna-Mendicuti , Jorge Rodolfo Canul-Solís , Luis Enrique Castillo-Sanchez , José Herrera-Camacho , Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez , Alfonso J. Chay-Canul","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to predict body fat depots using ultrasound measurements (USM) of fat thickness and <em>longissimus thoracis</em> muscle characteristics in crossbred hair ewes. A total of 24 animals with a mean body weight (BW) of 37 ± 4 kg and a body condition score of 2.39 ± 0.49 were used. USM was recorded 24 h before slaughter and included: subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), area (LTMA), amplitude (LTA), and depth (LTD) of the <em>l. thoracis</em> muscle and kidney fat thickness (µKFT). After slaughter, the internal fat (IF) was separated, classified, and weighed as mesenteric (MF), omental (OF), or pelvic fat (PF). The left half was then separated into subcutaneous and intermuscular fat (CF), and the muscle and bone tissues were weighed separately and adjusted to take account of the whole animal. Total body fat (TBF) was determined to be the IF plus the CF weights. LTA and LTMA correlated poorly to moderately with fat depots (0.37 ≤ r ≤ 0.74, P < 0.05). Other than CF, µKFT showed poor to moderate correlation with the other depots of body fat (0.44 ≤ r ≤ 0.75, P < 0.05). The regression model used to predict MF had r<sup>2</sup> of 0.87 (RSD=0.14 kg) and included BW and LTMA (P<0,05). OF and PF were predicted with r<sup>2</sup> of 0.55 and 0.44, respectively, including µKFT (RSD = 0.20 and 0.17 kg). IF was predicted by empty BW, LTMA, and µKFT with r<sup>2</sup> as 0.81 (RSD=0.30 kg). For TBF, EBW and LTMA explained 72 % of its variation (RSD= 0.59 kg). USM of fat thickness and <em>l. thoracis</em> muscle characteristics can improve the accuracy of predicting body energy reserves in crossbred hair ewes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 107400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107392
C. Devaraj, V. Sejian, C.G. Shashank, M.V. Silpa, R. Bhatta
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an antioxidant supplement (Transcare) based on selenium (Se), electolytes, and vitamins to relieve transportation stress in Nandidurga goats. Thirty 8–10-month-old Nandidurga female goats were randomly divided into two groups: non-supplemented (NS) (n=15) and supplemented (S) (n=15). S goats received orally antioxidant powder at a dose of 0.7 g/kg BW, dissolved in 10 mL drinking water, 45–60 min before the seven-hour trip. The antioxidant supplementation influenced (P < 0.05) respiration rate and pulse rate after transport, head and shoulder temperature, mean corpuscular hemoglobin before transport, lymphocytes after transport, monocytes after transport, cortisol, aldosterone, tri-iodothyronine, thyroxine, glucose, HSP70, HSP90, and HSP27 after transportation. Antioxidant supplementation decreased transportation stress in Nandidurga goats.Thus, oral antioxidant supplementation proved beneficial and promising in alleviating transportation stress. Therefore, promoting such supplements among resource-poor farmers may help reverse the financial loss experienced due to transportation stress in goats.
{"title":"The effect of an antioxidant supplement based on selenium, electrolytes, and vitamins on relieving transportation stress in goats","authors":"C. Devaraj, V. Sejian, C.G. Shashank, M.V. Silpa, R. Bhatta","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an antioxidant supplement (Transcare) based on selenium (Se), electolytes, and vitamins to relieve transportation stress in Nandidurga goats. Thirty 8–10-month-old Nandidurga female goats were randomly divided into two groups: non-supplemented (NS) (n=15) and supplemented (S) (n=15). S goats received orally antioxidant powder at a dose of 0.7 g/kg BW, dissolved in 10 mL drinking water, 45–60 min before the seven-hour trip. The antioxidant supplementation influenced <em>(P <</em> 0.05) respiration rate and pulse rate after transport, head and shoulder temperature, mean corpuscular hemoglobin before transport, lymphocytes after transport, monocytes after transport, cortisol, aldosterone, tri-iodothyronine, thyroxine, glucose, HSP70, HSP90, and HSP27 after transportation. Antioxidant supplementation decreased transportation stress in Nandidurga goats.Thus, oral antioxidant supplementation proved beneficial and promising in alleviating transportation stress. Therefore, promoting such supplements among resource-poor farmers may help reverse the financial loss experienced due to transportation stress in goats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 107392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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