Small Ruminant Research最新文献

The composition of the lactation diet but not the previous rearing feeding level affects the response to an oral drench of propylene glycol in primiparous lactating dairy goats 哺乳期初产奶山羊口服丙二醇的反应受泌乳日粮组成的影响，而不受饲养前饲喂水平的影响

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2026.107712

A.A. Ponter , A. de Paula Reis , C. Duvaux-Ponter

The aim of this experiment was to study if different growth trajectories during rearing influence adaptive capacity to metabolic challenges during lactation. Sixteen female Saanen goats were selected at weaning and given either a high growth trajectory diet (High GT, n = 8) or a control growth trajectory diet (Control GT, n = 8) until parturition. The diets were formulated to produce a weight difference at parturition of 10 %. Oestrous cycles were synchronised and the goats were inseminated at 7 months of age. Three weeks after parturition, four metabolic challenges were performed: day 21 (goats were fed the normal lactation diet and given 1 mL PG/kg liveweight, by drenching), day 28 (goats were fed straw for 2 days and then given 1 mL water/kg liveweight, by drenching), day 35 (goats were fed the normal lactation diet and given 1 mL PG/kg liveweight, by drenching) and day 42 (goats were fed straw for 2 days and then given 1 mL PG/kg liveweight, by drenching). The metabolic response to PG (an increase in circulating glucose and insulin) was delayed after the day 42 challenge (straw diet) compared to the day 21 and 35 challenges (lactation diet). Several hypotheses may explain this finding: poor adaptation of rumen microbes for PG fermentation after a straw diet, reduced rumen-emptying in the straw fed goats (therefore slower absorption of PG and its metabolites) or reduced gluconeogenesis in the liver of straw fed goats compared to lactation diet fed goats due to mild steatosis. After the day 28 challenge (straw diet), the High GT goats appeared to be less metabolically versatile than the Control GT goats since the High GT goats had beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations which were close to those defined as indicating sub-clinical ketosis (>1.2 mmol/L) while Control GT goats had low BHB concentrations. Short-term metabolic challenges may be interesting tools in the study of metabolic versatility in farm animals.

本试验旨在研究饲养期间不同的生长轨迹对哺乳期间代谢挑战的适应能力的影响。选取16只断奶母羊，分别饲喂高生长轨迹饲粮（high GT, n = 8）和对照生长轨迹饲粮（control GT, n = 8），直至分娩。所配制的饮食可使分娩时的体重差异达到10% %。同步发情周期，山羊在7月龄时进行授精。分娩后3周，进行4次代谢试验：第21天（山羊饲喂正常泌乳日粮，以淋法给予1 mL PG/kg活重），第28天（山羊饲喂秸秆2 d，以淋法给予1 mL水/kg活重），第35天（山羊饲喂正常泌乳日粮，以淋法给予1 mL PG/kg活重），第42天（山羊饲喂秸秆2 d，以淋法给予1 mL PG/kg活重）。与第21天和第35天（哺乳日粮）相比，第42天（秸秆日粮）处理后对PG的代谢反应（循环葡萄糖和胰岛素增加）延迟。有几种假设可以解释这一发现：秸秆饲粮后瘤胃微生物对PG发酵的适应性较差，秸秆饲山羊的瘤胃排空减少（因此对PG及其代谢物的吸收较慢），或者由于轻度脂肪变性，与哺乳饲山羊相比，秸秆饲山羊肝脏中的糖异生减少。在第28天饲喂（秸秆饲粮）后，高GT山羊的代谢多样性似乎低于对照组山羊，因为高GT山羊的β -羟基丁酸（BHB）浓度接近亚临床酮症的定义（>1.2 mmol/L），而对照组山羊的BHB浓度较低。短期代谢挑战可能是研究农场动物代谢多样性的有趣工具。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of ddRADseq Data for SNP and InDel discovery in Pırlak sheep Pırlak羊SNP和InDel发现的ddRADseq数据评价

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2026.107707

Umit Bilginer , Eymen Demir , Cedric Gondro , Bahar Argun Karsli , Murat Soner Balcioglu , Taki Karsli

The detection of genetic variants that lead to differentiation in terms of morphological, psychological, and behavioral traits within a specific population enables the design of comprehensive characterization, conservation, and selection strategies in livestock. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of genetic data obtained from the double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) technique in the discovery of genetic variants at three levels of depth of coverage (DP), including 2, 5, and 10. Via genotyping 21 animals belonging to Pırlak sheep, a higher number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (ranging from 869,471 to 1204,553) than insertion–deletions (InDels) (varying between 73,762 and 88,327) were identified in the sheep genome depending on the DP criterion. Despite the high number of genetic variants identified across the genome, the annotation survey validated that a small percentage of variants (ranging from 0.009 in DP2 and 0.001 in DP5 and DP10) were of high functional impact on phenotype. Moreover, 544,154 SNPs were novel at DP 10, indicating that ddRADseq is promising for screening population-specific variants in sheep. Further analyses validated that 44 SNPs categorized as high functional impact overlapped with 43 genes, which were previously reported to be associated with reproduction (TRNAC-GCA, ATG10, TRNAS-GGA, and ANKRD31) and milk traits (SLC50A1, THSD7B, and VPS37C) in various mammalian species. Moreover, genetic diversity parameters showed observed heterozygosity (H_O = 0.333) slightly higher than expected heterozygosity (H_E = 0.328), with an inbreeding coefficient of FIS = -0.018. Compared to whole genome sequencing and array technologies, the ddRADseq was shown to be an alternative technique to identify genetic variants for further genomic studies due to its specific advantages, such as being cost-efficient and not having bias for the detection of population-specific variants. Genetic variants identified by the ddRADseq technique are promising to improve ongoing molecular characterization, conservation, and breeding programs via various genomic studies, such as genetic variability, genome-wide association studies, and selection signatures.

检测导致特定种群在形态、心理和行为特征方面分化的遗传变异，可以设计家畜的综合表征、保护和选择策略。本研究旨在评估双酶切限制性位点相关DNA测序（ddRADseq）技术获得的遗传数据在三个覆盖深度（DP）水平（包括2、5和10）上发现遗传变异的有用性。通过对属于Pırlak羊的21只动物进行基因分型，根据DP标准，在羊基因组中鉴定出的单核苷酸多态性（snp）数量（范围从869,471到1204,553）高于插入缺失（InDels）（范围从73,762到88,327）。尽管在整个基因组中发现了大量的遗传变异，但注释调查证实，一小部分变异（DP2为0.009，DP5和DP10为0.001）对表型具有高度的功能影响。此外，在DP 10位点有544,154个snp是新发现的，这表明ddRADseq有望用于筛选绵羊群体特异性变异。进一步的分析证实，44个被归类为高功能影响的snp与43个基因重叠，这些基因先前被报道与各种哺乳动物物种的生殖（TRNAC-GCA, ATG10， TRNAS-GGA和ANKRD31）和乳性状（SLC50A1， THSD7B和VPS37C）相关。遗传多样性参数显示，观察杂合度（HO = 0.333）略高于预期杂合度（HE = 0.328），近交系数FIS = -0.018。与全基因组测序和阵列技术相比，ddRADseq被证明是一种用于进一步基因组研究的鉴定遗传变异的替代技术，因为它具有特定的优势，例如成本效益高，并且在检测群体特异性变异时没有偏见。通过ddRADseq技术鉴定的遗传变异有望通过各种基因组研究（如遗传变异、全基因组关联研究和选择签名）改善正在进行的分子表征、保护和育种计划。

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引用次数: 0

Whole-genome resequencing reveals candidate genes and genetic mutations associated with colostrum yield in Hu sheep 全基因组重测序揭示了与湖羊初乳产量相关的候选基因和基因突变

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2026.107711

Yiyu Sha , Guiqiong Liu , Jianping Ding , Fuqing Hou , Huiguo Yang , Yongbin Liu , Xunping Jiang

Colostrum is essential for neonatal lamb growth, immune competence, and survival, yet insufficient secretion remains a major cause of early mortality. Despite its importance, systematic studies on the characteristics and genetic determinants of colostrum in sheep are limited. Hu sheep, a prolific indigenous Chinese breed, display considerable variation in colostrum yield, providing a suitable model for investigation. In this study, colostrum samples were collected from individual ewes at 12 h intervals within the first 72 h postpartum. Yield, compositional traits (fat, protein, lactose, total solids, non-fat solids), and immunoglobulin concentrations (immunoglobulin G [IgG], immunoglobulin A [IgA], and immunoglobulin M [IgM]) were quantified, and high- and low-yield groups were subjected to whole-genome resequencing (WGRS). Colostrum yield increased progressively, reaching 3.489 ± 0.921 kg at 72 h, whereas immunoglobulin levels peaked at parturition (IgG: 108.014 mg/mL; IgA: 4.139 mg/mL; IgM: 0.447 mg/mL) and declined sharply thereafter. Fat and protein contents decreased with time, while lactose rose. WGRS identified 1627 candidate genes under positive selection and 69,336 variants, including 408 missense mutations. Among these, lactoferrin (LTF), protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type K (PTPRK), and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) were strongly associated with colostrum yield. Six missense mutations (rs422619216, rs429528738, rs408968100, rs161149074, rs411119461, rs162154352) within these genes were predicted to alter protein hydrophilicity and local structure, potentially influencing lactation. These findings provide practical guidance for managing the nutritional requirements of newborn lambs and identify promising genetic markers for breeding high-yield sheep.

初乳对新生羔羊的生长、免疫能力和存活至关重要，但初乳分泌不足仍然是早期死亡的主要原因。尽管它很重要，但对羊初乳的特性和遗传决定因素的系统研究还很有限。湖羊是中国本土高产品种，其初乳产量差异较大，为研究提供了合适的模型。在本研究中，在产后72 小时内，每隔12 h采集一只母羊的初乳样本。对产量、组成性状（脂肪、蛋白质、乳糖、总固体物、非脂肪固体物）和免疫球蛋白浓度（免疫球蛋白G [IgG]、免疫球蛋白A [IgA]和免疫球蛋白M [IgM]）进行量化，并对高产组和低高产组进行全基因组重测序（WGRS）。初乳产量逐渐增加，在72 h达到3.489 ± 0.921 kg，而免疫球蛋白水平在分娩时达到峰值（IgG: 108.014 mg/mL, IgA: 4.139 mg/mL, IgM: 0.447 mg/mL），此后急剧下降。脂肪和蛋白质含量随着时间的推移而降低，而乳糖含量则升高。WGRS共鉴定出1627个阳性选择候选基因和69,336个变异，其中错义突变408个。其中，乳铁蛋白（LTF）、蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶受体K型（PTPRK）和白血病抑制因子受体（LIFR）与初乳产量密切相关。预计这些基因中的6个错义突变（rs422619216、rs429528738、rs408968100、rs161149074、rs411119461、rs162154352）会改变蛋白质的亲水性和局部结构，可能影响泌乳。这些发现为管理新生羔羊的营养需求提供了实用指导，并为培育高产羊提供了有希望的遗传标记。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of concentrate levels with or without protected fat on intake, digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, and performance in feedlot lambs 饲粮中添加或不添加保护脂肪对羔羊采食量、消化率、微生物蛋白合成和生产性能的影响

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2026.107710

Cláudia Loianny Souza Lima , Douglas dos Santos Pina , Henry Daniel Ruiz Alba , Maria Leonor Garcia Melo Lopes de Araújo , Susiane de Carvalho Matos , Luis Fernando Batista Pinto , José Esler de Freitas Júnior , Manuela Silva Libânio Tosto , José Augusto Gomes Azevedo , Stefanie Alvarenga Santos , Carlindo Santos Rodrigues , Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho

This study investigated the effects of different concentrate levels, with or without protected fat (PF), on intake, digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, and performance in feedlot lambs. Sixty-four Santa Inês male lambs (4 months old; 20.07 ± 0.250 kg) were assigned to a completely randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. Diets varied in concentrate-to-roughage (C:R) ratio - 400:600, 500:500, 600:400, and 700:300 g/kg of dry matter (DM) - with or without the inclusion of 35 g/kg DM of PF (calcium salts of fatty acids). Lambs fed diets without PF showed greater nutrient intake than those with PF, except for ether extract intake, which was higher with PF (P < 0.05). As concentrate levels increased, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake decreased linearly (P < 0.05). An interaction between the C:R ratio and PF inclusion was observed for crude protein digestibility (P < 0.05). Overall, PF inclusion improved nutrient digestibility (P < 0.05), and quadratic responses were observed as concentrate levels increased (P < 0.05). Lambs not receiving PF excreted more purine derivatives and synthesized more microbial protein (P < 0.05). Allantoin excretion and microbial protein synthesis increased with concentrate (P < 0.05). There were interactions between the C:R ratio and PF inclusion for final body weight and total weight gain (P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with PF inclusion (P < 0.05). Higher concentrate levels improved weight gain and feed efficiency, whereas they decreased the FCR (P < 0.05). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that a dietary strategy combining 35 g of protected fat with approximately 600 g of concentrate per kg of diet DM enhances the performance of feedlot lambs.

本试验研究了饲粮中添加或不添加保护脂肪（PF）对饲粮羔羊采食量、消化率、微生物蛋白合成和生产性能的影响。64只圣诞老人Inês公羊羔（4个月大；20.07 ± 0.250 kg）被分配到4 × 2因子的完全随机区组设计中。饲粮的粗料比（C:R）不同，分别为400:600、500:500、600:400和700:300 g/kg干物质（DM），添加或不添加35 g/kg DM的PF（脂肪酸钙盐）。除粗脂肪采食量高于粗脂肪采食量（P <； 0.05）外，饲粮中不添加粗脂肪的羔羊的营养摄入量高于添加粗脂肪的羔羊（P < 0.05）。随着精料水平的升高，中性洗涤纤维（NDF）采食量呈线性降低（P <； 0.05）。粗蛋白质消化率与粗蛋白质包合物之间存在交互作用（P <； 0.05）。总体而言，PF包合提高了营养物质的消化率（P <； 0.05），并且随着精料水平的增加出现二次响应（P <； 0.05）。未接受PF的羔羊分泌更多嘌呤衍生物，合成更多微生物蛋白（P <； 0.05）。尿囊素排泄量和微生物蛋白合成随精料的增加而增加（P <； 0.05）。末重和总增重的C:R比与PF包入量之间存在交互作用（P <； 0.05）。添加PF提高了饲料系数（FCR）（P <； 0.05）。较高的精料水平提高了增重和饲料效率，降低了料重比（P <； 0.05）。综上所述，饲粮中每kg DM中添加35 g保护脂肪和约600 g精料可提高饲养羔羊的生产性能。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular insights into growth regulation in Indian sheep: Role of GH, LEP, and IGF-1 in marker-assisted breeding 印度羊生长调控的分子洞察：生长激素、LEP和IGF-1在标记辅助育种中的作用

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2026.107708

Shilpa Mahajan , Gopal Dass , Rishikesh Shukla , Rakesh Kaushik

India possesses a rich and diverse ovine genetic resource, with 44 registered indigenous sheep breeds adapted to a wide range of agro-climatic conditions. These sheep are multifunctional, contributing significantly to rural livelihoods through meat, wool, milk, and manure. Among the economically important traits, growth performance plays a pivotal role in assessing productivity, health status, and market value. Growth is a complex trait regulated by both genetic and environmental factors, with growth hormone (GH), leptin (LEP) and Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) identified as a central hormonal regulator of physiological and metabolic pathways. In recent years, a substantial body of research has emerged focusing on the phenotypic characterization and molecular dissection of growth traits in Indian sheep. This review specifically synthesizes advances related to GH, LEP, and IGF-1, highlighting their polymorphisms, expression patterns, and associations with growth traits across indigenous breeds. These genes are critical in regulating growth rate, feed efficiency, and body composition, thereby offering practical applications in selective breeding. Particular emphasis is placed on heavy mutton breeds, which exhibit superior carcass quality and meat yield, to demonstrate how these markers contribute to production-oriented breeding. The review emphasizes the significance of Marker-assisted selection (MAS) in improving growth performance and the need for integrating molecular tools in traditional breeding programs. Such integration can lead to more efficient and targeted genetic improvement strategies. Additionally, comparative sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis reveal the evolutionary conservation of GH, LEP, and IGF-1 across ruminant species, especially within the Caprinae lineage, reinforcing their functional importance. Overall, this review advocates for a genomics-driven approach to exploit the full potential of indigenous sheep for sustainable meat production in India.

印度拥有丰富多样的绵羊遗传资源，有44个已登记的适应各种农业气候条件的本地绵羊品种。这些羊是多功能的，通过肉类、羊毛、牛奶和粪便为农村生计做出了重大贡献。在重要的经济性状中，生长绩效在评估生产力、健康状况和市场价值方面起着关键作用。生长是一种受遗传和环境因素共同调控的复杂性状，生长激素（GH）、瘦素（LEP）和胰岛素样生长因子-1 （IGF-1）被认为是生理和代谢途径的中心激素调节因子。近年来，大量的研究集中在印度羊生长性状的表型表征和分子解剖上。本文综述了生长激素、LEP和IGF-1的相关研究进展，重点介绍了它们的多态性、表达模式以及与本地品种生长性状的关系。这些基因在调节生长速度、饲料效率和体成分方面起着关键作用，因此在选择性育种中具有实际应用价值。特别强调重羊肉品种，表现出优异的胴体质量和肉产量，以展示这些标记如何促进以生产为导向的育种。本文强调了标记辅助选择（MAS）在提高生长性能方面的重要意义，以及在传统育种计划中整合分子工具的必要性。这种整合可以导致更有效和更有针对性的遗传改良策略。此外，比较序列比对和系统发育分析揭示了GH， LEP和IGF-1在反刍动物物种中的进化保守性，特别是在Caprinae谱系中，加强了它们的功能重要性。总的来说，这篇综述提倡采用基因组学驱动的方法来开发印度本土羊的全部潜力，以实现可持续的肉类生产。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of silage-based diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass traits in Avishaan lambs 青贮基础饲粮对阿维山羔羊生长性能、营养物质消化率和胴体性状的影响

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2026.107706

R.S. Bhatt, Srobana Sarkar, Arvind Soni, Lalit Kumar, M.C. Meena, Arun Kumar

To study the effect of silage feeding on growth performance, microbial nitrogen synthesis, meat quality and fatty acid profile of growing lambs, an experiment conducted on fifty-four lambs of Avishaan strain under randomized block design. The lambs were randomly divided into three group of eighteen lambs (n = 18) in each, experimental period was 90 days (3–6 month of age) and the initial average weight of the lamb was 16.8 ± 0.09 kg. All the lambs were offered 300 g concentrate daily and ad libitum roughage. Roughage in control (C) group was dry chaffed Cenchrus ciliaris hay, in test group T-I dry chaffed cenchrus hay plus silage on equal dry matter basis whereas in test group T-II only fresh silage. During the experimental period nutrient utilization and rumen fermentation studies were undertaken. After six months of age, eight representative male lambs from each group were slaughtered to study the carcass traits, quality and muscle fatty acid composition. Results revealed higher(P < 0.05) digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and fibre fractions in T-I and T-II group compared to C lambs. The microbial nitrogen synthesis per kg of digestible organic matter intake was higher (P < 0.05) in T-II group. Rumen fermentation revealed higher (P < 0.05) total nitrogen and TCA-ppt-N in T-II followed by T-I and C groups. However, TVFA was lower in T-II and T-I compared to C group. Carcass data revealed lower (P < 0.05) quantity of ingesta as well as lower (P < 0.05) carcass fat with silage feeding in T-II and T-I compared to C group lambs. Values of TBARS in meat were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in T-II and T-I group compared to C group, and antioxidant activity showed a corresponding increase with silage feeding, being highest in the T-II group, followed by T-I, and lowest in the C group. Longissimus thoracis muscle fat revealed higher (P < 0.05) proportion of C16, C18 and lowered (P < 0.05) that of C18:1n9c fatty acids with silage feeding, consequently the proportion of SFA was increased and that of MUFA decreased with silage feeding. The proportion of n-3 fatty acids was increased with silage feeding in T-II and T-I group. The ratio of n – 6/ n-3 and C18 desaturase activity was lower (P < 0.05) whereas C16 to C14 thioesterase activity was higher(P < 0.05) with silage feeding in T-II and T-I compared to C group lambs. Based on the findings of this experiment, it can be concluded that in arid and semi-arid regions, silage feeding serves as an eco-friendly strategy for small ruminant production and supports better shelf life of meat, reduced fat in the Longissimus thoracis muscle, with increased proportion of n-3 fatty acids. However, for achieving better weight gain and improved feed conversion efficiency, a combination of grass hay and silage on an equal dry matter basis is recommended.

为研究青贮饲喂对生长羔羊生长性能、微生物氮合成、肉品质和脂肪酸分布的影响，采用随机区组设计，对54只Avishaan品系羔羊进行了试验。试验羔羊随机分为3组，每组18只（n = 18只），试验期为90日龄（3 ~ 月龄），初始平均体重为16.8 ± 0.09 kg。试验羔羊每天饲喂300 g精料和任意粗饲料。对照(C)组粗饲料为干剥鸡毛秆，试验组T-I干剥鸡毛秆加青贮，干物质基础相同，试验组T-II只加新鲜青贮。试验期间进行了营养物质利用和瘤胃发酵研究。6月龄后，每组选取8只有代表性的公羊羔屠宰，研究其胴体性状、品质和肌肉脂肪酸组成。结果显示，T-I和T-II组羔羊的干物质、有机物和纤维组分消化率高于C组（P <； 0.05）。T-II组每kg可消化有机物采食量微生物氮合成量较高（P <； 0.05）。瘤胃发酵中，T-II组总氮和tca - pt- n显著高于（P <； 0.05），T-I组次之，C组次之。但T-II和T-I组TVFA较C组低。胴体数据显示，与C组相比，T-II组和T-I组青贮羔羊的摄食量（P <； 0.05）和胴体脂肪（P <； 0.05）均较低。与C组相比，T-II组和T-I组肉中TBARS值显著降低（P <； 0.05），抗氧化活性随青贮饲料的增加而相应提高，T-II组最高，T-I次之，C组最低。青贮饲喂胸最长肌脂肪时，C16、C18脂肪酸所占比例升高（P <； 0.05），C18:1n9c脂肪酸所占比例降低（P <； 0.05），因此，SFA比例随青贮饲喂而升高，MUFA比例降低。T-II组和T-I组的n-3脂肪酸比例随青贮饲料的增加而增加。青贮饲喂T-II和T-I组羔羊的n- 6/ n-3和C18去饱和酶活性比低于C组（P <； 0.05），C16和C14硫酯酶活性高于C组（P <； 0.05）。综上所述，在干旱和半干旱地区，青贮饲养有利于小反刍动物的生产，有利于提高肉质的保质期，降低胸最长肌脂肪含量，提高n-3脂肪酸的比例。然而，为了获得更好的增重和提高饲料转化效率，建议在同等干物质基础上使用干草和青贮饲料。

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引用次数: 0

Interrelationships between body weight, body condition score, and fat deposition in Katahdin ewe lambs managed under humid tropical conditions 湿润热带环境下卡塔丁母羊体重、体况评分和脂肪沉积的相互关系

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2026.107705

Alvar Alonzo Cruz-Tamayo , Maritza Zaragoza-Vera , Claudia V. Zaragoza-Vera , Guadalupe Arjona-Jiménez , Germani Adrián Muñoz-Osorio , Ricardo Alfonso García-Herrera , Alfonso Juventino Chay-Canul

Data from twenty-five Katahdin ewe lambs were used to evaluate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and major body fat depots. Before slaughter, animals were weighed and BCS was recorded after 24 h of feed and water deprivation. At slaughter, internal fat (IF) was dissected, weighed, and classified as mesenteric (MF), omental (OF), and pelvic fat (PF). After refrigeration (1 °C for 24 h), the left half of each carcass was fully dissected to obtain subcutaneous and intermuscular fat, collectively defined as carcass fat (CF). Total body fat (TBF) was calculated as the sum of IF and CF. Shrunk body weight (SBW) ranged from 40.25 to 54.80 kg, empty BW (EBW) from 31.80 to 49.30 kg, and BCS from 2.0 to 4.5 and TBF from 6.62 and 15.96 kg. SBW showed weak to strong correlations with MF, PF, OM, CF, IF and TBF depots (0.45 ≤ r ≤ 0.82; P < 0.05), whereas BCS and EBW exhibited moderate to strong correlations with most fat depots except MF. The coefficients of determination (r²) between SBW and fat depots ranged from 0.20 to 0.68. Except for MF (r²=0.07), BCS yielded r² values of 0.61–0.75, and EBW values of 0.51–0.62. SBW was the best predictor of MF, whereas EBW best predicted CF. BCS provided the strongest predictions for the remaining fat depots. Including BCS and SBW in multiple regression improved prediction only for IF, while combining BCS and EBW improved prediction for CF. No improvement was observed when BW and EBW were combined. These findings highlight the usefulness of BCS, SBW, and EBW as predictors of body fat distribution and support the development of practical tools for assessing body reserves in hair sheep.

采用25只卡塔丁母羊的数据，评价体况评分（BCS）与主要体脂库的关系。屠宰前称重，并在24 h断食断水后记录BCS。屠宰时，内脏脂肪（IF）被解剖、称重，并分为肠系膜脂肪（MF）、网膜脂肪（OF）和盆腔脂肪（PF）。冷藏（1℃冷藏24 h）后，将每只胴体的左半部分完全解剖，获得皮下和肌间脂肪，统称为胴体脂肪（CF）。总体脂（TBF）计算为IF和CF之和，收缩体重（SBW）为40.25 ~ 54.80 kg，空体重（EBW）为31.80 ~ 49.30 kg， BCS为2.0 ~ 4.5，TBF为6.62 ~ 15.96 kg。SBW与MF、PF、OM、CF、IF和TBF库呈弱至强相关（0.45 ≤r ≤ 0.82;P <； 0.05），而BCS和EBW与除MF外的大多数脂肪库呈中至强相关。SBW与脂肪库之间的决定系数（r²）为0.20 ~ 0.68。除MF （r2=0.07）外，BCS的r²值为0.61 ~ 0.75，EBW的r²值为0.51 ~ 0.62。SBW最能预测MF， EBW最能预测CF， BCS对剩余脂肪库的预测最强。在多元回归中，BCS和SBW只改善了对IF的预测，而BCS和EBW联合使用则改善了对CF的预测。BW和EBW联合使用时未见改善。这些发现强调了BCS、SBW和EBW作为体脂肪分布预测因子的有效性，并支持开发评估毛羊体储备的实用工具。

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引用次数: 0

Authentication of sheep milk geographical origin using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric analysis 用FTIR光谱和化学计量分析鉴定羊奶产地

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2026.107703

Selman Kef , Seher Arslan , Koray Şarkaya

In this study, the effects of feeding systems based on geographical origin on the milk of Pırıt sheep breed in Denizli were investigated using FTIR and GC combined with chemometrics. The samples were analyzed for dry matter, protein, fat content, pH, color parameters, total fatty acids, and subjected to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Significant regional differences (P < 0.05) were observed in fat, dry matter, protein content, L*, b*, and fatty acid composition. The Sarayköy region, where sheep graze on natural pastures, exhibited the highest fat, dry matter, and protein contents. Regional variation in fatty acid profiles was statistically significant (P < 0.05) for all fatty acids except C4:0 and C17:0. Evaluation of nutritional quality indices revealed that milk from Sarayköy had the lowest atherogenic index (AI) and thrombogenic index (TI), along with the highest polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA), health-promoting index (HPI) value and hypercholesterolemic/hypocholesterolemic (h/H). The chemometric analysis of FT-IR data explains 95.8 % and 3.0 % of the total variance for the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2), respectively. This indicates that 98.8 % of the total variability in the data is captured by the first two components, demonstrating the model's strong discriminatory capacity. Chemometric analyses showed that sheep grazed in pastures (Sarayköy region) were separated from other feeding systems. These findings demonstrate that FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics can be used as an effective method for classification of sheep milk according to feeding regimes based on geographical origin.

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、气相色谱（GC）和化学计量学相结合的方法，研究了不同产地饲喂制度对德尼兹利Pırıt羊品种产奶的影响。分析样品的干物质、蛋白质、脂肪含量、pH值、颜色参数、总脂肪酸，并进行傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析。脂肪、干物质、蛋白质含量、L*、b*和脂肪酸组成的区域差异显著（P <； 0.05）。在Sarayköy地区，绵羊在天然牧场上放牧，其脂肪、干物质和蛋白质含量最高。脂肪酸分布的区域差异有统计学意义（P <； 0.05），除c4∶0和c17∶0外。营养品质指标评价显示，Sarayköy牛奶具有最低的动脉粥样硬化指数（AI）和血栓形成指数（TI），以及最高的多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA/SFA），健康促进指数（HPI）值和高胆固醇血症/低胆固醇血症（h/ h）。FT-IR数据的化学计量分析解释了前两个主成分（PC1和PC2）的总方差分别为95.8% %和3.0 %。这表明数据中98.8 %的总变率被前两个分量捕获，表明该模型具有很强的区分能力。化学计量学分析表明，在牧场（Sarayköy地区）放牧的羊与其他饲养系统是分开的。这些结果表明，FTIR光谱结合化学计量学可以作为一种有效的方法，根据地理来源的饲养方式对羊奶进行分类。

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引用次数: 0

Unravelling the signatures of selection for climate adaptation in worldwide sheep breeds 揭示全球绵羊品种的气候适应选择特征

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2026.107701

K.A. Saravanan , Jigyasha Tiwari , Kashif Dawood Khan , V.N. Sahana , Ashish Yadav , Rani Alex , G.R. Gowane , S.S. Misra , Arun Kumar

Climate change poses significant challenges to global livestock systems, necessitating a deeper understanding of how sheep adapt to diverse environmental conditions. This study aimed to identify genomic regions associated with hot and cold climate adaptation in 3066 sheep from 90 breeds worldwide using medium-density SNP data. The breeds were categorized into hot and cold-adapted groups based on their environmental origins. Through pcadapt, 132 genomic regions were identified under selection across all breeds, with distinct signatures observed in hot (53 regions) and cold (49 regions) adapted groups. These regions encompassed genes crucial for thermoregulation (DNAJB5, SYCP2, TCF7, TSHR, NPR1, and MSRB3), coat colour (MITF, DCTN2) and immune response (CCL26, CDH1, TCF7, and TNFSF12). Functional enrichment analysis revealed biological processes and pathways associated with climate adaptation, including keratin filament organization and cytokine receptor binding in hot climate breeds, and calcium ion binding in cold climate breeds. Protein-protein interaction networks highlighted key hub genes like TP53 and S100A16, implicating their roles in adaptation mechanisms. The findings contribute to the understanding of sheep resilience to climate change and provide genetic markers for future breeding strategies aimed at enhancing livestock sustainability and productivity under changing climatic conditions.

气候变化给全球畜牧业系统带来了重大挑战，需要更深入地了解绵羊如何适应不同的环境条件。本研究旨在利用中密度SNP数据，从全球90个品种的3066只羊中鉴定与冷热气候适应相关的基因组区域。根据其环境来源，将品种分为适应热和适应冷两类。通过pcadapt，在所有品种的选择下确定了132个基因组区域，在炎热（53个地区）和寒冷（49个地区）适应群体中观察到不同的特征。这些区域包含对体温调节（DNAJB5、SYCP2、TCF7、TSHR、NPR1和MSRB3）、毛色（MITF、DCTN2）和免疫应答（CCL26、CDH1、TCF7和TNFSF12）至关重要的基因。功能富集分析揭示了与气候适应相关的生物学过程和途径，包括热气候品种的角蛋白丝组织和细胞因子受体结合，以及冷气候品种的钙离子结合。蛋白-蛋白相互作用网络突出了关键枢纽基因，如TP53和S100A16，暗示它们在适应机制中的作用。这些发现有助于了解绵羊对气候变化的适应能力，并为未来的育种策略提供遗传标记，旨在提高气候条件下牲畜的可持续性和生产力。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of season, temperature, and humidity on feeding behavior and feed conversion ratio in multiple sheep breeds monitored via an automated electronic feeding system 通过自动化电子饲养系统监测季节、温度和湿度对多种绵羊品种摄食行为和饲料转化率的影响

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2026.107702

Guoxing Jia , Weimin Wang , Huibing Tian , Xiaojuan Wang , Yuan Zhao , Yukun Zhang , Kunchao Han , Xioabing Yang , Dan Xu , Tong Cai , Shiyu Zhao , Hongmei Hou , Peiliang Cao , Mengru Pu , Weiwei Wu , Zhichao Zhang , Xiaoxue Zhang

This study investigated the effects of environmental factors on sheep feeding behavior and feed conversion ratio (FCR). We continuously monitored 180 weaned lambs (Australian White, Dorper and crossbred) across spring, summer, autumn and winter using an automated electronic feeding system combined with ambient temperature and humidity sensors. The research results show that sheep feeding behavior has obvious circadian rhythm, with peak periods occurring between 6:00 and 10:00 and 15:00 and 20:00. Season had a significant effect on sheep feeding behavior and FCR (P < 0.05). Sheep feeding behavior varies with the seasons, with feed conversion ratio (FCR) being significantly higher in summer and winter than in spring and autumn. Further analysis based on the temperature and humidity index (THI) showed that THI has a significant impact on feeding behavior and feed intake rate (FCR). High temperature stress significantly inhibited the daily feed intake and feeding rate of sheep and prolonged the feeding time; while low temperature stress increased the amount of feed consumed per feeding and the feeding rate, but reduced the feeding frequency. Furthermore, the feeding behavior of the three different breeds of sheep raised together under the same feeding conditions showed no significant difference (P > 0.05), but there was a significant difference in FCR. These findings provide a quantitative basis for developing precise feeding strategies, which can help alleviate environmental stress and optimize intensive farming management.

本试验研究了环境因素对绵羊采食行为和饲料系数的影响。我们使用结合环境温度和湿度传感器的自动化电子喂养系统，在春、夏、秋、冬对180只断奶羔羊（澳大利亚白羊、杜珀羊和杂交羔羊）进行了连续监测。研究结果表明：绵羊摄食行为具有明显的昼夜节律，高峰期出现在6:00 ~ 10:00和15:00 ~ 20:00之间。季节对绵羊采食行为和饲料比有显著影响（P <； 0.05）。绵羊的摄食行为随季节变化，夏冬两季的饲料系数显著高于春秋两季。基于温湿度指数（THI）的进一步分析表明，THI对摄食行为和采食量（FCR）有显著影响。高温胁迫显著抑制绵羊日采食量和采食量，延长采食时间；低温胁迫提高了单次采食量和采食量，但降低了采食频率。在相同饲养条件下，3个不同品种共同饲养的绵羊的摄食行为差异不显著（P >； 0.05），但FCR差异显著。这些发现为制定精确的饲养策略提供了定量依据，有助于缓解环境压力和优化集约化养殖管理。

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引用次数: 0