A Reinterpretation of Phenomenological Modeling Approaches for Lagrangian Particles Settling in a Turbulent Boundary Layer

IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q3 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Boundary-Layer Meteorology Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI:10.1007/s10546-024-00858-w
Andrew P. Grace, David H. Richter, Andrew D. Bragg
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Abstract

It has long been known that under the right circumstances, inertial particles (such as sand, dust, pollen, or water droplets) settling through the atmospheric boundary layer can experience a net enhancement in their average settling velocity due to their inertia. Since this enhancement arises due to their interactions with the surrounding turbulence it must be modelled at coarse scales. Models for the enhanced settling velocity (or deposition) of the dispersed phase that find practical use in mesoscale weather models are often ad hoc or are built on phenomenological closure assumptions, meaning that the general deposition rate of particles is a key uncertainty in these models. Instead of taking a phenomenological approach, exact phase-space methods can be used to model the physical mechanisms responsible for the enhanced settling, and these individual mechanisms can be estimated or modelled to build a more general parameterization of the enhanced settling of inertial particles. In this work, we use direct numerical simulations (DNS) and phase-space methods as tools to evaluate the efficacy of phenomenological modeling approaches for the enhanced settling velocity of inertial particles for particles with varying friction Stokes numbers and settling velocity parameters. We use the DNS data to estimate profiles of a drift–diffusion based parameterization of the fluid velocity sampled by the particles, which is key for determining the settling velocity behaviour of particles with low to moderate Stokes number. We find that by increasing the settling velocity parameter at moderate friction Stokes number, the magnitude of preferential sweeping is modified, and this behaviour is explained by the drift component of the aforementioned parameterization. These profiles indicate that that when eddy-diffusivity-like closures are used to represent turbulent transport, empirical corrections used in phenomenological models may be potentially compensating for their incompleteness. Finally, we discuss opportunities for reinterpreting phenomenological approaches for use in coarse-scale weather models in terms of the exact phase-space approach.

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重新解释湍流边界层中拉格朗日粒子沉降的现象学建模方法
众所周知,在适当的情况下,惯性颗粒(如沙粒、灰尘、花粉或水滴)在大气边界层中沉降时,由于其惯性,其平均沉降速度会出现净增强。由于这种增强是由于它们与周围湍流的相互作用而产生的,因此必须在较粗的尺度上进行模拟。中尺度天气模式中实际使用的分散相沉降速度(或沉积)增强模型通常是临时建立的,或者是建立在现象学闭合假设的基础上,这意味着粒子的一般沉积速率是这些模型中的一个关键不确定因素。与其采用现象学方法,不如采用精确的相空间方法来模拟造成沉降增强的物理机制,并对这些单独的机制进行估算或建模,以建立惯性粒子沉降增强的更一般的参数化。在这项工作中,我们以直接数值模拟(DNS)和相空间方法为工具,评估了针对具有不同摩擦斯托克斯数和沉降速度参数的惯性粒子的增强沉降速度的现象学建模方法的有效性。我们利用 DNS 数据来估算颗粒采样流体速度的漂移扩散参数化剖面,这是确定低至中等斯托克斯数颗粒沉降速度行为的关键。我们发现,通过增加中等摩擦斯托克斯数时的沉降速度参数,优先扫掠的幅度会发生改变,这种行为可以用上述参数化的漂移成分来解释。这些剖面表明,当使用类似涡扩散的闭合来表示湍流输运时,现象学模型中使用的经验修正可能会弥补其不完整性。最后,我们讨论了用精确相空间方法重新解释用于粗尺度天气模式的现象学方法的机会。
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来源期刊
Boundary-Layer Meteorology
Boundary-Layer Meteorology 地学-气象与大气科学
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
14.00%
发文量
72
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Boundary-Layer Meteorology offers several publishing options: Research Letters, Research Articles, and Notes and Comments. The Research Letters section is designed to allow quick dissemination of new scientific findings, with an initial review period of no longer than one month. The Research Articles section offers traditional scientific papers that present results and interpretations based on substantial research studies or critical reviews of ongoing research. The Notes and Comments section comprises occasional notes and comments on specific topics with no requirement for rapid publication. Research Letters are limited in size to five journal pages, including no more than three figures, and cannot contain supplementary online material; Research Articles are generally fifteen to twenty pages in length with no more than fifteen figures; Notes and Comments are limited to ten journal pages and five figures. Authors submitting Research Letters should include within their cover letter an explanation of the need for rapid publication. More information regarding all publication formats can be found in the recent Editorial ‘Introducing Research Letters to Boundary-Layer Meteorology’.
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