Max-stability under first-order stochastic dominance

Abstract

Max-stability is the property that taking a maximum between two inputs results in a maximum between two outputs. We investigate max-stability with respect to first-order stochastic dominance, the most fundamental notion of stochastic dominance in decision theory. Under two additional standard axioms of monotonicity and lower semicontinuity, we establish a representation theorem for functionals satisfying max-stability, which turns out to be represented by the supremum of a bivariate function. Our characterized functionals encompass special classes of functionals in the literature of risk measures, such as benchmark-loss Value at Risk (VaR) and $\Lambda$-quantile.