Fei Gao, Xiaoqing You, Liu Yang, Xiangni Zou, Bowen Sui
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
The immune system has a substantial impact on the growth and expansion of lung malignancies. Immune cells are encompassed by a stroma comprising an extracellular matrix (ECM) and different cells like stromal cells, which are known as the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). TME is marked by the presence of immunosuppressive factors, which inhibit the function of immune cells and expand tumor growth. In recent years, numerous strategies and adjuvants have been developed to extend immune responses in the TIME, to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this comprehensive review, we outline the present knowledge of immune evasion mechanisms in lung TIME, explain the biology of immune cells and diverse effectors on these components, and discuss various approaches for overcoming suppressive barriers. We highlight the potential of novel adjuvants, including toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, cytokines, phytochemicals, nanocarriers, and oncolytic viruses, for enhancing immune responses in the TME. Ultimately, we provide a summary of ongoing clinical trials investigating these strategies and adjuvants in lung cancer patients. This review also provides a broad overview of the current state-of-the-art in boosting immune responses in the TIME and highlights the potential of these approaches for improving outcomes in lung cancer patients.
免疫系统对肺部恶性肿瘤的生长和扩展有重大影响。免疫细胞被由细胞外基质(ECM)和不同细胞(如基质细胞)组成的基质所包围,这种基质被称为肿瘤免疫微环境(TIME)。肿瘤免疫微环境的特点是存在免疫抑制因子,这些因子会抑制免疫细胞的功能并扩大肿瘤的生长。近年来,人们开发了许多策略和佐剂来扩大 TIME 中的免疫反应,从而提高免疫疗法的疗效。在这篇综述中,我们概述了目前对肺TIME中免疫逃避机制的认识,解释了免疫细胞的生物学特性以及这些成分上的各种效应物,并讨论了克服抑制性障碍的各种方法。我们强调了新型佐剂的潜力,包括收费样受体(TLR)激动剂、细胞因子、植物化学物质、纳米载体和溶瘤病毒,它们可以增强 TME 中的免疫反应。最后,我们总结了正在进行的研究这些策略和肺癌患者辅助剂的临床试验。这篇综述还概述了目前增强TIME免疫反应的最新技术,并强调了这些方法在改善肺癌患者预后方面的潜力。
期刊介绍:
This review journal provides the most current information on basic and translational research in immunology and related fields. In addition to invited reviews, the journal accepts for publication articles and editorials on relevant topics proposed by contributors. Each issue of International Reviews of Immunology contains both solicited and unsolicited review articles, editorials, and ''In-this-Issue'' highlights. The journal also hosts reviews that position the authors'' original work relative to advances in a given field, bridging the gap between annual reviews and the original research articles.
This review series is relevant to all immunologists, molecular biologists, microbiologists, translational scientists, industry researchers, and physicians who work in basic and clinical immunology, inflammatory and allergic diseases, vaccines, and additional topics relevant to medical research and drug development that connect immunology to disciplines such as oncology, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders.
Covered in International Reviews of Immunology: Basic and developmental immunology (innate and adaptive immunity; inflammation; and tumor and microbial immunology); Clinical research (mechanisms of disease in man pertaining to infectious diseases, autoimmunity, allergy, oncology / immunology); and Translational research (relevant to biomarkers, diagnostics, vaccines, and drug development).