Potencial del arbusto Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) para la fitoestabilización y volatilización de mercurio

Carlos Narváez Romero, Carolina Kalinhoff Rojas, Aminael Sánchez Rodríguez
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Abstract

Mercury (Hg) is the most harmful heavy metal for living beings due to its high toxicity, persistence, and bioaugmentation in the food web. Lantana camara has been considered promising for the phytoremediation of different metals, but its response to Hg has not been characterized. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of L. camara to bioaccumulate, translocate, and volatilize Hg in artificially contaminated soils (1.0 and 8.0 mg/kg Hg). After two months of treatment, the dry weight was measured and the Hg present in stems, roots, leaves, and atmosphere was quantified using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The volatilized Hg was captured in hermetic chambers with continuous airflow, connected to a trap solution (5 % KMnO4 dissolved in H2SO4). The translocation factor was < 1, and the bioaccumulation factor was > 1 in both treatments. The Hgº values volatilized in high mercury indicate that approximately 7.1 µg/g plant/day can be released into the atmosphere. Our results indicate that L. camara accumulates Hg mainly in the root, showing potential for phytostabilization, but the observed volatilization rates point towards a more restricted use of this species in phytoremediation strategies.
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灌木 Lantana camara L.(马鞭草科)植物稳定和挥发汞的潜力
汞(Hg)是对生物最有害的重金属,因为它具有高毒性、持久性和在食物网中的生物增殖性。山茶属植物被认为在不同金属的植物修复方面很有前景,但其对汞的反应尚未定性。本研究的目的是评估香蒲在人工污染土壤(1.0 和 8.0 毫克/千克汞)中生物累积、转移和挥发汞的效果。处理两个月后,测量茎、根、叶和大气中的干重,并使用原子吸收光谱对其中的汞含量进行定量。挥发的汞被收集到连续通气的密闭容器中,容器与捕集溶液(溶于 H2SO4 的 5 % KMnO4)相连。在这两种处理中,迁移系数均小于 1,生物累积系数大于 1。高汞挥发的 Hgº 值表明,大约 7.1 微克/克植物/天可释放到大气中。我们的研究结果表明,L. camara 主要在根部积累汞,具有植物稳定的潜力,但观察到的挥发率表明,该物种在植物修复战略中的应用受到限制。
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