Lactato de sodio 0,5 molar vs. suero salino hipertónico al 3% en el traumatismo de cráneo grave con hipertensión intracraneana: estudio clínico piloto

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of hypertonic sodium lactate (HSL) 0.5 molar in the treatment of intracranial hypertension (ICH) compared to 3% hypertonic saline (HS) in critically ill patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods

Prospective, experimental, randomised study conducted in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a university hospital in critically ill patients with TBI and ICH. Those with ICH were randomised into two groups to receive LSH 0.5M or SSH 3% 500 cc with crossover of intervention according to pH or chloremia. Intracranial pressure (ICP) and internal milieu variables were determined.

Results

11 patients were enrolled (54.5% to LSH; 45.5% to SSH). Sixty-four infusions were performed, 45 LSH, 19 SSH. Non-crossover was 90.9% vs. 75%, respectively (p = 0.098). ICP decreased 11.66±6.49mmHg (p < 0.0001) with LSH vs. 10.1±9.19mmHg with SSH (p< 0.0001), without significant difference between both groups. Natraemia increased 3.11±1.87 mEq/L with LSH (p < 0.0001) and 5.43±4.41 mEq/L with SSH (p < 0.0001), in favour of SSH (p = 0.004). The chloremia decreased 1.95±2.60 mEq/L with LSH (p < 0.0001) and increased 5.78±3.7 mEq/L with SSH (p < 0.0001), significant difference of p < 0.0001.

Conclusions

LSH 0.5M is as effective as SSH 3% in the control of ICH in patients with TBI, causing a smaller increase in plasma sodium and chloride levels, preventing the development of hyperchloremic acidosis.