Blockchain and scientific data governance

Abstract

Scientific data represents a comprehensive collection of information generated through various activities, including basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Its significance lies in its high value density, interdisciplinary nature, widespread distribution in terms of supply and demand, and its adherence to stringent ethical standards. As a result, scientific data plays a crucial role as a foundational strategic resource for driving national innovation and development. In line with developed countries and regions like Europe and the United States, China has also taken steps to establish laws and regulations governing the management of scientific data. In 2018, China introduced the “Measures for the Management of Scientific Data” to enhance and standardize the collection, protection, and sharing of scientific data. However, the governance of scientific data encounters common issues and challenges, including the absence of operational guidelines, inadequate budget allocation, lack of incentive mechanisms, and a shortage of long-term open-sharing platforms for data. In this regard, blockchain technology, as an emerging solution, has shown tremendous potential in addressing these challenges. With its inherent characteristics of data transparency, immutability, non-falsifiability, and traceability, blockchain can effectively tackle issues related to data ownership, circulation, and privacy protection in scientific data governance. By leveraging cryptographic techniques, multi-chain systems, and cross-chain interoperability, blockchain can enable secure storage and hierarchical classification management of scientific data, ensuring its integrity and facilitating trusted data sharing among stakeholders.