mRNA vaccine designs for optimal adjuvanticity and delivery.

IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RNA Biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-26 DOI:10.1080/15476286.2024.2333123
Yuki Mochida, Satoshi Uchida
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Abstract

Adjuvanticity and delivery are crucial facets of mRNA vaccine design. In modern mRNA vaccines, adjuvant functions are integrated into mRNA vaccine nanoparticles, allowing the co-delivery of antigen mRNA and adjuvants in a unified, all-in-one formulation. In this formulation, many mRNA vaccines utilize the immunostimulating properties of mRNA and vaccine carrier components, including lipids and polymers, as adjuvants. However, careful design is necessary, as excessive adjuvanticity and activation of improper innate immune signalling can conversely hinder vaccination efficacy and trigger adverse effects. mRNA vaccines also require delivery systems to achieve antigen expression in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) within lymphoid organs. Some vaccines directly target APCs in the lymphoid organs, while others rely on APCs migration to the draining lymph nodes after taking up mRNA vaccines. This review explores the current mechanistic understanding of these processes and the ongoing efforts to improve vaccine safety and efficacy based on this understanding.

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mRNA 疫苗设计,以获得最佳佐剂性和输送效果。
佐剂和递送是 mRNA 疫苗设计的关键环节。在现代 mRNA 疫苗中,佐剂功能被整合到 mRNA 疫苗纳米颗粒中,从而使抗原 mRNA 和佐剂在统一的一体化配方中共同递送。在这种配方中,许多 mRNA 疫苗利用 mRNA 的免疫刺激特性和疫苗载体成分(包括脂质和聚合物)作为佐剂。然而,由于过度佐剂化和激活不适当的先天性免疫信号反而会阻碍疫苗接种效果并引发不良反应,因此必须谨慎设计。mRNA 疫苗还需要传递系统来实现淋巴器官内抗原呈递细胞 (APC) 的抗原表达。有些疫苗直接针对淋巴器官中的抗原呈递细胞,而有些则依赖于抗原呈递细胞吸收 mRNA 疫苗后迁移到引流淋巴结。本综述探讨了目前对这些过程的机理认识,以及在此基础上为提高疫苗安全性和有效性所做的不懈努力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
RNA Biology
RNA Biology 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
8.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
82
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: RNA has played a central role in all cellular processes since the beginning of life: decoding the genome, regulating gene expression, mediating molecular interactions, catalyzing chemical reactions. RNA Biology, as a leading journal in the field, provides a platform for presenting and discussing cutting-edge RNA research. RNA Biology brings together a multidisciplinary community of scientists working in the areas of: Transcription and splicing Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression Non-coding RNAs RNA localization Translation and catalysis by RNA Structural biology Bioinformatics RNA in disease and therapy
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