Inconsistent recovery of nitrogen cycling after feral ungulate removal across three tropical island ecosystems

IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Biogeochemistry Pub Date : 2024-03-24 DOI:10.1007/s10533-024-01120-8
Fiona M. Soper, Kimberlee S. Sparks, Rebecca J. Cole, Christian P. Giardina, Creighton M. Litton, Jed P. Sparks
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Abstract

Non-native ungulates (sheep, goats, and pigs) have significant negative impacts on ecosystem biodiversity, structure, and biogeochemical function throughout the Pacific Islands. Elevated nitrogen (N) availability associated with ungulate disturbance has been shown to promote the success of resource-exploitive invasive plants. While ungulate removal is a common restoration intervention, evaluations of its efficacy typically focus on vegetation responses, rather than underlying nutrient cycling. We used multiple chronosequences of ungulate exclusion (10–24 years duration) in three Hawaiian ecosystems (montane wet forest, dry forest, and dry shrubland) to determine N cycle recovery by characterizing gross mineralization and nitrification, soil inorganic N concentrations and leaching, N2O emissions, and plant tissue δ15N. Ungulate removal led to a 1–2 ‰ decline in foliar δ15N in most species, consistent with a long-term decrease in N fractionation via ecosystem N losses, or a shift in the relative turnover of N forms. This interpretation was supported by significant (dry forest) or trending (wet forest) increases in mineralization and decreases in nitrification, but conflicts with lack of observed change in inorganic N pool sizes or gaseous losses, and increased leaching in the dry forest. While results could indicate that ungulate invasions do not strongly impact N cycling in the first place (no uninvaded control sites exist in Hawai’i to test this hypothesis), this would be inconsistent with observations from other sites globally. Instead, impacts may be spatially patchy across the landscape, or ungulate invasions (possibly in combination with other disturbances) may have permanently shifted biogeochemical function or decoupled elemental cycles. We conclude that eliminating ungulate disturbance alone may not achieve restoration goals related to N cycling within the timeframe examined here.

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三个热带岛屿生态系统在移除野生动物后氮循环的恢复情况不一致
非本地有蹄类动物(绵羊、山羊和猪)对整个太平洋岛屿的生态系统的生物多样性、结构和生物地球化学功能产生了严重的负面影响。有研究表明,与有蹄类动物干扰相关的氮(N)供应量升高会促进资源性入侵植物的成功生长。虽然移除麋鹿是一种常见的恢复干预措施,但对其效果的评估通常侧重于植被反应,而不是潜在的养分循环。我们在夏威夷的三个生态系统(山地湿润森林、干燥森林和干燥灌木林地)中使用了多个麋鹿排除时间序列(持续时间为 10-24 年),通过分析总矿化度和硝化、土壤无机氮浓度和淋滤、一氧化二氮排放量以及植物组织 δ15N 来确定氮循环的恢复情况。移除有蹄类动物导致大多数物种的叶片δ15N下降了1-2‰,这与通过生态系统氮损失实现的氮分馏的长期下降或氮形式相对周转率的变化是一致的。矿化作用的显著增加(干燥林)或趋势性增加(湿润林)和硝化作用的减少支持了这一解释,但与所观察到的无机氮库大小或气态损失的变化以及干燥林中沥滤作用的增加相矛盾。虽然研究结果可能表明,有蹄类动物入侵首先不会对氮循环产生强烈影响(夏威夷没有未受入侵的对照地点来验证这一假设),但这与全球其他地点的观测结果不一致。相反,这种影响可能在整个地形上是分散的,或者麋鹿的入侵(可能与其他干扰结合在一起)可能永久性地改变了生物地球化学功能或使元素循环脱钩。我们的结论是,在本文研究的时间范围内,仅消除麋鹿干扰可能无法实现氮循环相关的恢复目标。
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来源期刊
Biogeochemistry
Biogeochemistry 环境科学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
7.10
自引率
5.00%
发文量
112
审稿时长
3.2 months
期刊介绍: Biogeochemistry publishes original and synthetic papers dealing with biotic controls on the chemistry of the environment, or with the geochemical control of the structure and function of ecosystems. Cycles are considered, either of individual elements or of specific classes of natural or anthropogenic compounds in ecosystems. Particular emphasis is given to coupled interactions of element cycles. The journal spans from the molecular to global scales to elucidate the mechanisms driving patterns in biogeochemical cycles through space and time. Studies on both natural and artificial ecosystems are published when they contribute to a general understanding of biogeochemistry.
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