Iron Oxide (Magnetite)-Based Nanobiomaterial with Medical Applications-Environmental Hazard Assessment Using Terrestrial Model Species.

IF 6.8 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Journal of Xenobiotics Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI:10.3390/jox14010017

Susana I L Gomes, Janeck J Scott-Fordsmand, Mónica J B Amorim

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Abstract

Nanobiomaterials (NBMs) have tremendous potential applications including in cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, the health and environmental effects of NBMs must be thoroughly assessed to ensure safety. Fe₃O₄ (magnetite) nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) were one of the focus NBMs within the EU project BIORIMA. Fe₃O₄ PEG-PLGA has been proposed to be used as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging for the identification of solid tumors and has revealed low cytotoxicity in several cell lines. However, the effects of Fe₃O₄ PEG-PLGA have not been assessed in terrestrial environments, the eventual final sink of most materials. In the present study, the effects of Fe₃O₄ PEG-PLGA and its precursor, (un-coated) Fe₃O₄ NMs, were assessed in soil model invertebrates Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta) and Folsomia candida (Collembola). The endpoints were survival, reproduction, and size, based on the standard OECD test (28 days) and its extension (56 days). The results showed no toxicity for any of the endpoints evaluated, indicating that the NBM Fe₃O₄ PEG-PLGA poses no unacceptable risk to the terrestrial environment.

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基于氧化铁（磁铁矿）的医用纳米生物材料--利用陆地模式物种进行环境危害评估。

纳米生物材料（NBMs）在癌症诊断和治疗等方面具有巨大的应用潜力。然而，必须彻底评估纳米生物材料对健康和环境的影响，以确保其安全性。涂有聚乙二醇（PEG）和聚乳酸-聚乙二醇酸（PLGA）的 Fe3O4（磁铁矿）纳米粒子是欧盟 BIORIMA 项目的重点纳米生物材料之一。有人建议将 Fe3O4 PEG-PLGA 用作磁共振成像中的造影剂，以识别实体瘤，并在多个细胞系中显示出较低的细胞毒性。然而，Fe3O4 PEG-PLGA 在陆地环境中的影响尚未得到评估，而陆地环境是大多数材料的最终归宿。本研究评估了 Fe3O4 PEG-PLGA 及其前体（未涂层）Fe3O4 NMs 对土壤模式无脊椎动物 Enchytraeus crypticus（隐翅目）和 Folsomia candida（鞘翅目）的影响。根据经合组织标准试验（28 天）及其扩展试验（56 天），终点为存活、繁殖和大小。结果表明，所评估的任何终点均无毒性，表明 NBM Fe3O4 PEG-PLGA 不会对陆地环境造成不可接受的风险。

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来源期刊

Journal of Xenobiotics TOXICOLOGY-

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

1.70%

发文量

审稿时长

10 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Xenobiotics publishes original studies concerning the beneficial (pharmacology) and detrimental effects (toxicology) of xenobiotics in all organisms. A xenobiotic (“stranger to life”) is defined as a chemical that is not usually found at significant concentrations or expected to reside for long periods in organisms. In addition to man-made chemicals, natural products could also be of interest if they have potent biological properties, special medicinal properties or that a given organism is at risk of exposure in the environment. Topics dealing with abiotic- and biotic-based transformations in various media (xenobiochemistry) and environmental toxicology are also of interest. Areas of interests include the identification of key physical and chemical properties of molecules that predict biological effects and persistence in the environment; the molecular mode of action of xenobiotics; biochemical and physiological interactions leading to change in organism health; pathophysiological interactions of natural and synthetic chemicals; development of biochemical indicators including new “-omics” approaches to identify biomarkers of exposure or effects for xenobiotics.