Global epidemiology of epithelial ovarian cancer

IF 81.1 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI:10.1038/s41571-024-00881-3
Penelope M. Webb, Susan J. Jordan
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Abstract

Globally, ovarian cancer is the eighth most common cancer in women, accounting for an estimated 3.7% of cases and 4.7% of cancer deaths in 2020. Until the early 2000s, age-standardized incidence was highest in northern Europe and North America, but this trend has changed; incidence is now declining in these regions and increasing in parts of eastern Europe and Asia. Ovarian cancer is a very heterogeneous disease and, even among the most common type, namely epithelial ovarian cancer, five major clinically and genetically distinct histotypes exist. Most high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas are now recognized to originate in the fimbrial ends of the fallopian tube. This knowledge has led to more cancers being coded as fallopian tube in origin, which probably explains some of the apparent declines in ovarian cancer incidence, particularly in high-income countries; however, it also suggests that opportunistic salpingectomy offers an important opportunity for prevention. The five histotypes share several reproductive and hormonal risk factors, although differences also exist. In this Review, we summarize the epidemiology of this complex disease, comparing the different histotypes, and consider the potential for prevention. We also discuss how changes in the prevalence of risk and protective factors might have contributed to the observed changes in incidence and what this might mean for incidence in the future. Ovarian cancer, accounting for 4.7% of cancer deaths in women in 2020, remains highly prevalent globally. Nonetheless, owing to changes in environmental exposures, the approach to preventive measures and disease classification, both incidence and mortality have been declining in economically developed countries since the early 2000s. Conversely, parts of Asia and eastern Europe have seen increases in the incidence of ovarian cancer over this period of time. In this Review, the authors summarize the epidemiology of ovarian cancer, including the roles of the various risk factors and the potential for prevention.

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上皮性卵巢癌的全球流行病学
在全球范围内,卵巢癌是女性第八大常见癌症,估计到 2020 年将占病例总数的 3.7%,占癌症死亡人数的 4.7%。直到本世纪初,北欧和北美的年龄标准化发病率最高,但这一趋势已经改变;目前这些地区的发病率正在下降,而东欧和亚洲部分地区的发病率正在上升。卵巢癌是一种异质性很强的疾病,即使在最常见的类型,即上皮性卵巢癌中,也存在五种主要的临床和遗传学上不同的组织类型。目前,大多数高级别浆液性卵巢癌被认为起源于输卵管的纤毛末端。这一认识使更多的癌症被归类为输卵管癌,这可能是卵巢癌发病率明显下降的部分原因,尤其是在高收入国家;不过,这也表明机会性输卵管切除术为预防卵巢癌提供了重要机会。这五种组织类型有一些共同的生殖和激素风险因素,但也存在差异。在这篇综述中,我们总结了这种复杂疾病的流行病学,比较了不同的组织型,并考虑了预防的可能性。我们还讨论了风险和保护因素流行率的变化是如何导致观察到的发病率变化的,以及这对未来的发病率可能意味着什么。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
99.40
自引率
0.40%
发文量
114
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Nature Reviews publishes clinical content authored by internationally renowned clinical academics and researchers, catering to readers in the medical sciences at postgraduate levels and beyond. Although targeted at practicing doctors, researchers, and academics within specific specialties, the aim is to ensure accessibility for readers across various medical disciplines. The journal features in-depth Reviews offering authoritative and current information, contextualizing topics within the history and development of a field. Perspectives, News & Views articles, and the Research Highlights section provide topical discussions, opinions, and filtered primary research from diverse medical journals.
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