Shared quantitative trait loci underlying root biomass and phenology in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the genetic mapping of root biomass and root/shoot ratio. We utilized a large (n = 345) bi-parental recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from the ‘Penny’ × ‘Yecora-Rojo’ cross to investigate the partitioning of biomass above- and belowground and to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that influence root biomass and root/shoot ratio. Genotyping of 345 RILs by using genotyping by sequencing produced 2918 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers by which a genome-wide map of 3507 cM was constructed. Phenotyping was conducted in an augmented design with large pots in controlled environment. We identified two significant QTL regions, QRt.peye-5A and QRt.peye-5B, which control root biomass and the root/shoot ratio. QRt.peye-5A, marking a 3.15 Mbp region on chromosome 5A, explained 11% of variations in root biomass and 9.5% of variations in root/shoot ratio, with the narrow region harbouring 28 genes. QRt.peye-5B, marking a 12.2 Mbp region on chromosome 5B, explained 7% of variations in root/shoot ratio and harbours 104 genes. The root/shoot ratio enhancing alleles at QRt.peye-5A and QRt.peye-5B come from ‘Penny’ and ‘Yecora-Rojo’ respectively. These QTL regions contains genes such as the two MADS box transcription factors on the 5A QTL that are candidate genes for Vrn1 locus, and other genes previously postulated for root traits such as a COBRA-like COBL2 and landmark hormonal responses genes such as IAA16, IAA4 and BRI1, DREB2A-INTERACTING PROTEIN2 (DRIP2) and bHLH92 which has a role in amelioration of stress conditions.