Performance evaluation of biodegradable polymer PHBV and PBAT blends with adjustable melt flow behaviour, heat deflection temperature, and morphological transition

Abstract

Melt blending is a reliable and well-demonstrated strategy for improving the mechanical, thermal, rheological, and surface properties of biopolymers. Poly(hydroxy-3-butyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) are the two popular choices for blending polymers due to their diverse properties and complementary soil biodegradable behaviour. Due to their immiscibility, however, blending with the help of processing additives is necessary to reap the most significant benefits from this process and to avoid immiscibility issues. This study utilized the additives (peroxides and epoxy-based chain extender) to compatibilize the biodegradable polymers PHBV and PBAT in a 60:40 blending ratio. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of the PHBV/PBAT(60/40) blend were improved by 32% and 64%, respectively, after adding a combination of peroxide (0.02 phr) and chain extender (0.3 phr) due to the formation of a complex network structure with increased chain length. The positive effect of an additive addition was also reflected by a 30°C increment in heat deflection temperature of biodegradable blend due to its high modulus value as supported by mechanical properties. The combined action of a peroxide and chain extender demonstrated a significantly higher complex viscosity of the PHBV/PBAT(60/40) blend due to the formation of a crosslinked polymer network as analyzed by rheological analysis. Our research demonstrated the effect of additives and their combined impact on analytical properties of PHBV/PBAT(60/40) blend to guide future work in improving their candidature to serve as a drop-in solution in replacing non-biodegradable petro-based plastic products.