Local terrestrial snails as natural intermediate hosts of the zoonotic parasite Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the new European endemic area of Valencia, Spain

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Zoonoses and Public Health Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI:10.1111/zph.13131

Màrius V. Fuentes, Mercedes Gomez-Samblas, Orly Richter, Sandra Sáez-Durán, Rubén Bueno-Marí, Antonio Osuna, María Teresa Galán-Puchades

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Abstract

Aim

The rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, has recently been found in the city of Valencia, parasitizing rats, Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus, its natural definitive hosts. This is the first finding of this zoonotic nematode in continental Europe. After informing local and national health authorities, the collection of local terrestrial snails took place with the aim of elucidating their potential role as intermediate hosts of A. cantonensis.

Methods and Results

A total of 145 terrestrial snails, belonging to the species Cernuella virgata, Cornu aspersum, Eobania vermiculata, Otala punctata, Pseudotachea splendida, Rumina decollata and Theba pisana, were randomly collected between May and December 2022 in public gardens, parks and orchards in six districts of Valencia, in five of which A. cantonensis had been reported previously in rats. Once collected and identified, the snails were frozen at −20°C. Subsequently, the DNA was isolated and screened by PCR using specific primers targeting the A. cantonensis COI gene. Seven individual snails, belonging to the species C. virgata, C. aspersum and T. pisana, were positive, for an overall prevalence of 4.8%. The PCR product from one of them was sequenced by Sanger sequencing.

Conclusions

The three positive terrestrial snail species are among the edible species that are frequently included in various dishes in Spain. C. virgata is reported as a previously unrecorded intermediate host and should be added to the list of more than 200 species of terrestrial snails that have been reported worldwide as intermediate hosts of the rat lungworm. Considering that these terrestrial snails may release infective larvae of A. cantonensis on leafy green vegetables on which they feed and during their handling and preparation for consumption, prophylactic measures to prevent human neuroangiostrongyliasis in Valencia and other regions to which this zoonotic parasite may spread are recommended.

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在西班牙巴伦西亚的欧洲新流行区，当地陆生蜗牛是人畜共患寄生虫坎顿氏疟原虫的天然中间宿主。

目的：最近在巴伦西亚市发现了大鼠肺线虫（Angiostrongylus cantonensis），寄生于其天然宿主大鼠（Rattus norvegicus）和小鼠（Rattus rattus）身上。这是欧洲大陆首次发现这种人畜共患病线虫。在通知当地和国家卫生部门后，对当地的陆生蜗牛进行了采集，目的是阐明它们作为坎顿弧菌中间宿主的潜在作用：2022 年 5 月至 12 月期间，在巴伦西亚六个区的公共花园、公园和果园中随机采集了 145 只陆生蜗牛，分别属于 Cernuella virgata、Cornu aspersum、Eobania vermiculata、Otala punctata、Pseudotachea splendida、Rumina decollata 和 Theba pisana，其中五个区的老鼠曾感染过坎顿金氏蜗牛。蜗牛一经采集和鉴定，就被冷冻在零下 20 摄氏度的环境中。随后，使用针对 A. cantonensis COI 基因的特异引物对 DNA 进行分离和 PCR 检测。结果有 7 只蜗牛呈阳性，分别属于 C. virgata、C. aspersum 和 T. pisana，总感染率为 4.8%。对其中一只蜗牛的 PCR 产物进行了桑格测序：结论：三种呈阳性的陆生蜗牛是西班牙各种菜肴中经常出现的可食用物种。据报道，C. virgata 是一种以前从未记录过的中间宿主，应将其列入全球已报道的作为鼠肺吸虫中间宿主的 200 多种陆生蜗牛的名单中。考虑到这些陆生蜗牛可能会在它们取食的绿叶蔬菜上以及在处理和准备食用这些蔬菜的过程中释放出具有感染性的大肠杆菌幼虫，因此建议在巴伦西亚和这种人畜共患病寄生虫可能传播的其他地区采取预防措施，防止人类患上大肠杆菌病。

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来源期刊

Zoonoses and Public Health 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

4.20%

发文量

115

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Zoonoses and Public Health brings together veterinary and human health researchers and policy-makers by providing a venue for publishing integrated and global approaches to zoonoses and public health. The Editors will consider papers that focus on timely collaborative and multi-disciplinary research in zoonoses and public health. This journal provides rapid publication of original papers, reviews, and potential discussion papers embracing this collaborative spirit. Papers should advance the scientific knowledge of the sources, transmission, prevention and control of zoonoses and be authored by scientists with expertise in areas such as microbiology, virology, parasitology and epidemiology. Articles that incorporate recent data into new methods, applications, or approaches (e.g. statistical modeling) which enhance public health are strongly encouraged.