Risk of Bone Fracture on Vegetarian and Vegan Diets.

IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Current Nutrition Reports Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-30 DOI:10.1007/s13668-024-00533-z
Ariel Kraselnik
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Abstract

Purpose of review: Bone fractures can have a devastating effect on health, especially in the elderly, undermining their independence for daily activities, and increasing the risk of comorbidities and mortality. Nutrition is a key factor in maintaining an optimal bone health across the lifespan. The number of people that choose to avoid meat or even all animal products is increasing globally, for a diversity of reasons. Properly planned vegetarian and vegan diets are widely recognized as a healthy dietary pattern, but the long-term impact of these diets on bone health and more specifically risk of bone fractures is less clear. Classic studies have observed a slightly lower bone mineral density in vegetarians but have many limitations, including inadequate adjusting for relevant confounding factors, and cross-sectional design. The aim of this review is to summarize and put into context the current evidence on the effect of vegetarian and vegan diets on bone health, with a focus on fracture risk.

Recent findings: In recent years, results from many large prospective studies have emerged, which allowed us to assess the risk of incident bone fractures in vegetarians. In these studies, vegetarian and especially vegan diets were associated with an increased risk of bone fractures. In many recent prospective cohort studies, vegetarian and especially vegan diets were associated with an increased risk of bone fractures. At least part of this risk could be due to a lower body mass index and a lower intake of nutrients such as calcium, vitamin D, and protein. Some evidence suggests that combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation and other factors such as consumption of protein-rich foods may attenuate this risk. The eventual deleterious effect of vegetarian diets on bone health should be contextualized and balanced with its benefits, such as lower risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer.

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素食和纯素饮食导致骨折的风险。
审查目的:骨折会对健康造成破坏性影响,尤其是对老年人而言,会削弱他们进行日常活动的独立性,并增加合并症和死亡的风险。营养是维持整个生命周期最佳骨骼健康的关键因素。出于各种原因,全球选择不吃肉类甚至不吃所有动物产品的人越来越多。适当规划的素食和纯素饮食被广泛认为是一种健康的饮食模式,但这些饮食对骨骼健康的长期影响,更具体地说是对骨折风险的影响,却不太清楚。经典研究发现,素食者的骨矿物质密度略低,但这些研究存在许多局限性,包括对相关混杂因素的调整不足以及横断面设计。本综述旨在总结和归纳目前有关素食和纯素饮食对骨骼健康影响的证据,重点关注骨折风险:近年来,许多大型前瞻性研究的结果使我们能够评估素食者发生骨折的风险。在这些研究中,素食尤其是纯素饮食与骨折风险增加有关。在最近的许多前瞻性队列研究中,素食尤其是纯素饮食与骨折风险增加有关。这种风险至少有一部分可能是由于体重指数较低以及钙、维生素 D 和蛋白质等营养素的摄入量较少造成的。一些证据表明,同时补充维生素 D 和钙以及食用富含蛋白质的食物等其他因素可能会降低这种风险。素食最终对骨骼健康造成的有害影响应与素食的益处(如降低罹患心血管疾病和癌症的风险)相联系和平衡。
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来源期刊
Current Nutrition Reports
Current Nutrition Reports Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
2.00%
发文量
59
期刊介绍: This journal aims to provide comprehensive review articles that emphasize significant developments in nutrition research emerging in recent publications. By presenting clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to discuss the influence of nutrition on major health conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity, as well as the impact of nutrition on genetics, metabolic function, and public health. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the field. Section Editors select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of more than 25 internationally diverse members reviews the annual table of contents, suggests topics of special importance to their country/region, and ensures that topics and current and include emerging research.
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