Microglia in retinal angiogenesis and diabetic retinopathy

IF 9.2 1区医学 Q1 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE Angiogenesis Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI:10.1007/s10456-024-09911-1

Aiyan Hu, Mirko H. H. Schmidt, Nora Heinig

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Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy has a high probability of causing visual impairment or blindness throughout the disease progression and is characterized by the growth of new blood vessels in the retina at an advanced, proliferative stage. Microglia are a resident immune population in the central nervous system, known to play a crucial role in regulating retinal angiogenesis in both physiological and pathological conditions, including diabetic retinopathy. Physiologically, they are located close to blood vessels and are essential for forming new blood vessels (neovascularization). In diabetic retinopathy, microglia become widely activated, showing a distinct polarization phenotype that leads to their accumulation around neovascular tufts. These activated microglia induce pathogenic angiogenesis through the secretion of various angiogenic factors and by regulating the status of endothelial cells. Interestingly, some subtypes of microglia simultaneously promote the regression of neovascularization tufts and normal angiogenesis in neovascularization lesions. Modulating the state of microglial activation to ameliorate neovascularization thus appears as a promising potential therapeutic approach for managing diabetic retinopathy.

Graphical abstract

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视网膜血管生成和糖尿病视网膜病变中的小胶质细胞。

糖尿病视网膜病变极有可能在整个病程中导致视力损伤或失明，其特点是视网膜上的新血管在晚期增生。小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中的常住免疫群体，已知在生理和病理条件下（包括糖尿病视网膜病变）在调节视网膜血管生成方面发挥着至关重要的作用。在生理学上，它们位于血管附近，对形成新血管（新生血管）至关重要。在糖尿病视网膜病变中，小胶质细胞被广泛激活，显示出独特的极化表型，导致它们聚集在新生血管丛周围。这些活化的小胶质细胞通过分泌各种血管生成因子和调节内皮细胞的状态，诱导致病性血管生成。有趣的是，某些亚型的小胶质细胞能同时促进新生血管丛的消退和新生血管病变中的正常血管生成。因此，调节小胶质细胞的活化状态以改善新生血管的形成似乎是治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的一种很有前景的潜在治疗方法。

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来源期刊

Angiogenesis PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE-

CiteScore

21.90

自引率

8.20%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Angiogenesis, a renowned international journal, seeks to publish high-quality original articles and reviews on the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing angiogenesis in both normal and pathological conditions. By serving as a primary platform for swift communication within the field of angiogenesis research, this multidisciplinary journal showcases pioneering experimental studies utilizing molecular techniques, in vitro methods, animal models, and clinical investigations into angiogenic diseases. Furthermore, Angiogenesis sheds light on cutting-edge therapeutic strategies for promoting or inhibiting angiogenesis, while also highlighting fresh markers and techniques for disease diagnosis and prognosis.