Legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in tissue and toilet paper from China

IF 6.6 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Journal of hazardous materials letters Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI:10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100109
Nannan Wan , Yu Liu , Xinghui Zhang , Zhaoyang Liu , Qiyu Wang , Shuai Liu , Miao Zhang , Bixian Mai
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Abstract

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been found in toilet paper in Europe, the United States, and Africa; however, their presence in Chinese household paper has not been investigated. In this study, 21 legacy and 30 emerging PFASs were analyzed in tissue and toilet paper from China, including 48 samples of different origins and materials. Median concentrations of chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonates (Cl-PFESAs), hexafluoropropylene oxide homologs (HFPOs), and p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate (OBS) were 0.32, 0.19, and 0.10 ng/g dry weight (dw), respectively. The detection frequencies (DFs) of Cl-PFESAs and OBS both were greater than 96%, followed by hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TrA, DF: 85%). Notably, the level of HFPO-TrA in one sample was as high as 540 ng/g dw, indicating a potential environmental risk to humans. In addition, the concentrations of Cl-PFESAs in toilet paper were significantly higher than that in tissue (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the concentrations of PFASs in tissue and toilet paper from different materials and origins. This suggests that PFASs, particularly emerging PFASs, are widely detected in tissue and toilet paper products across China, and their presence is a potential source of landfill contamination and human exposure.

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中国纸巾和卫生纸中遗留的和新出现的全氟和多氟烷基物质
欧洲、美国和非洲的卫生纸中已经发现了全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFASs),但尚未对中国生活用纸中是否含有这些物质进行调查。本研究分析了中国生活用纸和卫生纸中的 21 种传统 PFAS 和 30 种新出现的 PFAS,包括 48 个不同产地和材料的样本。氯化聚氟醚磺酸盐(Cl-PFESAs)、六氟环氧丙烷同系物(HFPOs)和对全氟壬氧基苯磺酸盐(OBS)的中位数浓度分别为 0.32、0.19 和 0.10 纳克/克干重(dw)。Cl-PFESAs 和 OBS 的检测频率(DFs)均大于 96%,其次是六氟环氧丙烷三聚酸(HFPO-TrA,DFs:85%)。值得注意的是,一个样本中的六氟环氧丙烷三聚酸含量高达 540 纳克/克(干重),表明可能对人体造成环境危害。此外,卫生纸中的 Cl-PFESAs 浓度明显高于卫生纸(p < 0.05)。不过,不同材质和产地的纸巾和卫生纸中的全氟辛烷磺酸浓度并无明显差异。这表明,全氟辛烷磺酸,尤其是新出现的全氟辛烷磺酸,在中国的纸巾和卫生纸产品中被广泛检测到,它们的存在是垃圾填埋场污染和人体接触的潜在来源。
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来源期刊
Journal of hazardous materials letters
Journal of hazardous materials letters Pollution, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Environmental Engineering
CiteScore
10.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
20 days
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