Prevención y detección precoz del cáncer cervicouterino

Abstract

Cervical cancer is a global health challenge, with high incidence and mortality rates, particularly in countries with lower levels of human development. The progression of cervical cancer is well understood, from human papillomavirus infection to precancerous lesions and invasive cancer. This disease can be prevented through effective vaccination and early detection programs, which allow timely treatments, especially for pre-invasive conditions. In 2020, the World Health Organization launched a global initiative to eliminate cervical cancer, introducing the 90-70-90 strategy. This intervention seeks 90% vaccination coverage in girls under 15 years of age, at least two HPV screenings before the age of 45, and timely treatment for 90% of diagnosed patients. This paper aims to describe national and international updates in cervical cancer prevention, highlighting the progress of primary and secondary prevention with regards to decreasing its incidence.