Inhibidores del punto de control inmune en cáncer pulmonar de células no pequeñas en etapa temprana: ¿Nuevo estándar de tratamiento?

Abstract

Worldwide, lung cancer is the first cancer in incidence and mortality. The most common histological type is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). At an early stage, resection is the standard curative treatment, but relapse is high, which could be explained by micrometastatic disease. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy have little benefit in disease-free survival and overall survival, which is why new strategies have been studied. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) act by increasing the surveillance of the immune system. They have been used for years in advanced stage NSCLC, however, new schemes in earlier stages, be it as adjuvant therapy, neoadjuvant therapy or both, have demonstrated an important benefit in the endpoints studied. This review aims to describe the biologic rationale of ICIs in early-stage NSCLC and discuss the selected trials and endpoints.