Magmatic evolution of the Kolumbo submarine volcano and its implication to seafloor massive sulfide formation

IF 4.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Mineralium Deposita Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI:10.1007/s00126-024-01262-7
Simon Hector, Clifford G. C. Patten, Aratz Beranoaguirre, Pierre Lanari, Stephanos Kilias, Paraskevi Nomikou, Alexandre Peillod, Elisabeth Eiche, Jochen Kolb
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Abstract

Seafloor massive sulfides form in various marine hydrothermal settings, particularly within volcanic arcs, where magmatic fluids may contribute to the metal budget of the hydrothermal system. In this study, we focus on the Kolumbo volcano, a submarine volcanic edifice in the central Hellenic Volcanic Arc hosting an active hydrothermal system. Diffuse sulfate-sulfide chimneys form a Zn-Pb massive sulfide mineralization with elevated As, Ag, Au, Hg, Sb, and Tl contents. These elements have similar behavior during magmatic degassing and are common in arc-related hydrothermal systems. Trace-element data of igneous magnetite, combined with whole rock geochemistry and numerical modelling, highlights the behavior of chalcophile and siderophile elements during magmatic differentiation. We report that, despite early magmatic sulfide saturation, chalcophile element contents in the magma do not decrease until water saturation and degassing has occurred. The conservation of chalcophile elements in the magma during magmatic differentiation suggests that most of the magmatic sulfides do not fractionate. By contrast, upon degassing, As, Ag, Au, Cu, Hg, Sb, Sn, Pb, and Zn become depleted in the magma, likely partitioning into the volatile phase, either from the melt or during sulfide oxidation by volatiles. After degassing, the residual chalcophile elements in the melt are incorporated into magnetite. Trace-element data of magnetite enables identifying sulfide saturation during magmatic differentiation and discrimination between pre- and post-degassing magnetite. Our study highlights how magmatic degassing contributes to the metal budget in magmatic-hydrothermal systems that form seafloor massive sulfides and shows that igneous magnetite geochemistry is a powerful tool for tracking metal-mobilizing processes during magmatic differentiation.

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科伦坡海底火山的岩浆演化及其对海底块状硫化物形成的影响
海底块状硫化物形成于各种海洋热液环境中,特别是在火山弧内,岩浆流体可能对热液系统的金属预算做出贡献。在这项研究中,我们重点研究了科伦坡火山,这是希腊火山弧中部的一座海底火山大厦,拥有一个活跃的热液系统。弥漫的硫酸盐-硫化物烟囱形成了锌铅块状硫化物矿化,其中砷、银、金、汞、锑和碲含量较高。这些元素在岩浆脱气过程中有类似的表现,在与弧有关的热液系统中很常见。火成岩磁铁矿的痕量元素数据与整岩地球化学和数值建模相结合,凸显了岩浆分异过程中亲鎏金和亲硒元素的行为。我们报告说,尽管岩浆早期硫化物饱和,但岩浆中的亲铝元素含量直到水饱和和脱气发生后才下降。岩浆分异过程中岩浆中亲铝元素的保持表明,大部分岩浆硫化物并没有分馏。与此相反,在脱气过程中,岩浆中的砷、银、金、铜、汞、锑、锡、铅和锌变得贫乏,很可能从熔体中或在挥发物氧化硫化物的过程中分馏到挥发相中。脱气后,熔体中残留的亲铝元素会融入磁铁矿。磁铁矿的痕量元素数据有助于确定岩浆分异过程中硫化物的饱和度,并区分脱气前和脱气后的磁铁矿。我们的研究强调了岩浆脱气如何对形成海底块状硫化物的岩浆-热液系统中的金属预算做出贡献,并表明火成岩磁铁矿地球化学是跟踪岩浆分异过程中金属移动过程的有力工具。
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来源期刊
Mineralium Deposita
Mineralium Deposita 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
6.20%
发文量
61
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The journal Mineralium Deposita introduces new observations, principles, and interpretations from the field of economic geology, including nonmetallic mineral deposits, experimental and applied geochemistry, with emphasis on mineral deposits. It offers short and comprehensive articles, review papers, brief original papers, scientific discussions and news, as well as reports on meetings of importance to mineral research. The emphasis is on high-quality content and form for all articles and on international coverage of subject matter.
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