CORRELATING FEATURES BETWEEN DENTAL AND PULMONARY DISEASE

Abstract

The article reviews the factors of dental exposure that may have a potential risk for the development of pulmonary diseases. Objective. To analyze the current national and foreign literature on the relationship between dental health and pulmonary disease, while exploring current data and future research directions. Materials and Methods. The study used analytical and bibliosemantic methods. The search for scientific information on the medical research topic was conducted in the databases of the following search engines: the electronic library of abstracts and theses of the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, PubMed, Medline, MedNet, Embase, BMJ Group, Free Medical Journals, Free Medical Book, Scirus. Research results and discussion. The analysis of literature data provides evidence of a host-pathogen interaction associated with the oropharyngeal microbiome and its metabolites. Cross-species interactions between microorganisms create a symbiotic relationship with the host macroorganism by acting as a "sensor", "mediator" and "killer" of pathogens to prevent pathogens from colonising and integrating into the host. Conversely, the immune response of the macroorganism must balance between inflammation to destroy the pathogen and prevent unwanted immune responses against host tissue and its own microorganisms. When the composition, activity and function of the oral microbiome is disturbed, it causes dysbiosis.  In the presence of orthopaedic structures in the oral cavity, the eubiotic balance is more or less shifted to a pathogenic state. The article analyses the influence of structural materials and methods of their production, which are mainly used in prosthetic dentistry, on the formation of biofilm, changes in the oral microbiome, and the spread of an inflammatory reaction in the prosthetic bed. The oral cavity is the first line of defence of the immune system against most foreign pathogens, which can affect the immune and inflammatory reactions of the body as a whole. This factor can spread systemic inflammation that affects other organs, including the lungs. The oral microbiota can influence the microbial community in the lungs through microaspiration and dispersal. In general, the oral-pulmonary axis can exchange components of its microbiome The most common respiratory diseases associated with dust among dentists and its irritating effects on the respiratory system are also analyzed. In general, ultrafine and nanoscale airborne particles have been studied for a long time, but with the development of new technologies, their acute or chronic effects on the health of healthcare workers associated with dental practice require more detailed study. Conclusion. Understanding the relationship between oral health and systemic diseases, including pulmonary diseases, and studying a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of a particular disease can be important in terms of extending healthy life expectancy and improving its quality. For effective health management, it remains an unsolved issue whether it is possible to prevent systemic diseases by influencing oral diseases (and vice versa).