Programming molecular switches in water and ethanol via thermo-sensitive polymers for phase control in energetic crystals

IF 5 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Defence Technology(防务技术) Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI:10.1016/j.dt.2024.03.009
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Abstract

The practical application of energetic materials, particularly 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), is frequently impeded by phase transition challenges. In this study, we propose a novel strategy to enhance the stability of CL-20 by employing a thermo-sensitive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), to modulate its phase transitions. Our approach involves the use of an in-situ polymerized polydopamine (PDA) shell as a platform for surface grafting through atom transfer radical polymerization, yielding a core-shell structured CL-20@PDA-PNIPAM. Through comprehensive characterization, the successful grafting of PNIPAM is confirmed, significantly enhanced the phase stability of CL-20. Notably, our core-shell structure exhibits a 13 °C increase in phase transition temperature compared to raw CL-20, thereby delaying the ε→α phase transition by over 80 min under combined thermal and solvent conditions. The enhanced stability is attributed to the hydrophobic nature of PNIPAM above its low critical solution temperature in water, which effectively shields the CL-20 crystal. These findings provide new insights into enhancing the stability and safety of energetic materials in complex environments, highlighting the potential of our molecular switch mechanism.

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通过热敏聚合物编程水和乙醇中的分子开关,实现高能晶体的相位控制
高能材料,尤其是 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) 的实际应用经常受到相变难题的阻碍。在本研究中,我们提出了一种新策略,通过使用热敏性聚合物聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAM)来调节 CL-20 的相变,从而提高其稳定性。我们的方法是使用原位聚合的聚多巴胺(PDA)外壳作为平台,通过原子转移自由基聚合进行表面接枝,从而产生核壳结构的 CL-20@PDA-PNIPAM。通过综合表征,证实了 PNIPAM 的成功接枝,显著提高了 CL-20 的相稳定性。值得注意的是,与未加工的 CL-20 相比,我们的核壳结构相变温度提高了 13 °C,因此在热和溶剂综合条件下,ε→α 相变延迟了 80 分钟以上。稳定性的增强归因于 PNIPAM 在水的临界溶液温度较低时的疏水性,这有效地保护了 CL-20 晶体。这些发现为增强高能材料在复杂环境中的稳定性和安全性提供了新的见解,凸显了我们的分子开关机制的潜力。
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来源期刊
Defence Technology(防务技术)
Defence Technology(防务技术) Mechanical Engineering, Control and Systems Engineering, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
CiteScore
8.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
728
审稿时长
25 days
期刊介绍: Defence Technology, a peer reviewed journal, is published monthly and aims to become the best international academic exchange platform for the research related to defence technology. It publishes original research papers having direct bearing on defence, with a balanced coverage on analytical, experimental, numerical simulation and applied investigations. It covers various disciplines of science, technology and engineering.
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