Defence Technology(防务技术)最新文献

Bioinspired polydopamine interface reinforced boron-Viton composites with high structure stability and energy releasing efficiency 具有高结构稳定性和能量释放效率的仿生聚多巴胺界面增强硼- viton复合材料

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.08.006

Liu Yang , Liu Yuezhou , Gao Fulei , Liu Yingzhe , Wang Yinglei

Boron has attracted increasing attention in the field of high-energy explosives and propellants due to its high volume calorific value and mass calorific value. However, the complicated combustion process and low combustion efficiency hinder its wide application. To tackle this challenge, bioinspired polydopamine (PDA) interface reinforced boron-Viton composites, with high structure stability and excellent energy releasing efficiency, are designed and prepared, combining the interface regulation of PDA biomimetic materials and combustion promotion of fluoropolymers. Firstly, the stronger adsorption energy of PDA with boron compared to Viton is demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulations. Next, B@PDA@Viton is prepared by the combination of in-situ dopamine polymerization and solvent/non-solvent method, and the double-layer core-shell structure is confirmed by XPS, FTIR, and TEM characterizations. TG-DSC analysis shows that B@PDA@Viton possesses superior thermal properties, with a 55.48% increase in oxidation heat compared to raw B. Furthermore, ignition and combustion performance tests indicate that B@PDA@Viton reduces ignition delay by 57.56% and increases heat of combustion by 68.63% relative to raw B. These findings elucidate the ignition and combustion mechanisms of B@PDA@Viton. This work not only developed high-performance boron-based composite fuels but also provided insights into the development of boron-based fuels.

硼由于具有较高的体积热值和质量热值，在高能炸药和推进剂领域受到越来越多的关注。但燃烧过程复杂，燃烧效率低，阻碍了其广泛应用。为了解决这一难题，结合PDA仿生材料的界面调节和含氟聚合物的燃烧促进，设计并制备了具有高结构稳定性和优异能量释放效率的仿生聚多巴胺（PDA）界面增强硼- viton复合材料。首先，通过分子动力学模拟证明了PDA对硼的吸附能比Viton更强。接下来，采用原位多巴胺聚合和溶剂/非溶剂相结合的方法制备了B@PDA@Viton，并通过XPS、FTIR和TEM表征证实了其双层核壳结构。TG-DSC分析表明，B@PDA@Viton具有优异的热性能，其氧化热比原料b提高了55.48%。点火和燃烧性能测试表明，B@PDA@Viton的点火延迟时间比原料b缩短了57.56%，燃烧热比原料b提高了68.63%。这项工作不仅开发了高性能的硼基复合燃料，而且为硼基燃料的发展提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing ignition techniques for energetic materials: A comparative study of direct laser ignition and laser-driven flyer methods 推进含能材料的点火技术：激光直接点火与激光驱动飞片方法的比较研究

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.005

Răzvan-Marian Mircioagă , Baptiste Reynier , Tudor Prisecaru , Adrian-Nicolae Rotariu , Florin-Marian Dîrloman , Liviu-Cristian Matache , Laviniu Haller

Conventional ignition methods are proving to be ineffective for low-sensitivity energetic materials, highlighting the need to investigate alternative ignition systems, such as laser-based techniques. Over the past decade, lasers have emerged as a promising solution, providing focused energy beams for controllable, efficient, and reliable ignition in the field of energetic materials. This study presents a comparative analysis of two state-of-the-art ignition approaches: direct laser ignition and laser-driven flyer ignition. Experiments were performed using a Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd: YAG) laser at different energy beam levels to systematically evaluate ignition onset. In the direct laser ignition test setup, the laser beam was applied directly to the energetic tested material, while laser-driven flyer ignition utilized 40 and 100 μm aluminum foils, propelled at velocities ranging from 300 to 1250 m/s. Comparative analysis with the Lawrence and Trott model substantiated the velocity data and provided insight into the ignition mechanisms. Experimental results indicate that the ignition time for the laser-driven flyer method was significantly shorter, with the pyrotechnic composition achieving complete combustion faster compared to direct laser ignition. Moreover, precise ignition thresholds were determined for both methods, providing critical parameters for optimizing ignition systems in energetic materials. This work elucidates the advantages and limitations of each technique while advancing next-generation ignition technology, enhancing the reliability and safety of propulsion systems.

传统的点火方法被证明对低灵敏度的高能材料是无效的，这突出了研究替代点火系统的必要性，例如基于激光的技术。在过去的十年里，激光已经成为一种很有前途的解决方案，为高能材料领域的可控、高效和可靠的点火提供了集中的能量束。本文对激光直接点火和激光驱动飞片点火两种最先进的点火方法进行了比较分析。利用掺钕钇铝石榴石（Nd: YAG）激光器在不同能量束水平上进行了实验，系统地评估了起燃性。在直接激光点火试验装置中，激光束直接作用于高能被试材料，而激光驱动飞片点火采用40 μm和100 μm铝箔，推进速度为300 ~ 1250 m/s。与Lawrence和Trott模型的比较分析证实了速度数据，并提供了对点火机制的深入了解。实验结果表明，与直接激光点火相比，激光驱动飞片法的点火时间明显缩短，烟火成分实现完全燃烧的速度更快。此外，两种方法都确定了精确的点火阈值，为优化含能材料的点火系统提供了关键参数。这项工作阐明了每种技术的优点和局限性，同时推进了下一代点火技术，提高了推进系统的可靠性和安全性。

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引用次数: 0

Atomic density disturbance rejection in atomic gyroscopes via faraday polarimetric decoupling 利用法拉第极化解耦抑制原子陀螺仪中的原子密度扰动

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.022

Zehua Liu , Yifan Yan , Haoying Pang , Xinhui Liu , Jixi Lu , Xusheng Lei , Zhuo Wang , Wei Quan

Atomic spin gyroscopes are promising candidates for next-generation inertial navigation due to extremely high theoretical precision, relatively small size among atomic gyroscopes, and promising potential for miniaturization. In particular, the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic gyroscope relies on optical pumping to polarize atoms, enabling rotation sensing through the Faraday optical rotation angle (FORA). However, fluctuations in atomic density introduce systematic errors in FORA measurements, limiting long-term stability. We present a data-driven decoupling method that isolates atomic density fluctuations from the FORA signal by modeling spatially resolved light absorption in the vapor cell. The model accounts for the spatial distribution of spin polarization in the pump-light interaction volume, density-dependent relaxation rates, wall-induced relaxation, and polarization diffusion, and is implemented within a finite-element framework. Compared to the conventional Lambert-Beer law, which assumes one-dimensional homogeneity, our approach captures the full three-dimensional density and polarization distribution, significantly improving the accuracy of light absorption modeling. The resulting absorption-density maps are used to train a feedforward neural network, yielding a high-precision estimator for atomic density fluctuations. This estimator enables the construction of a decoupling equation that separates the density contribution from the FORA signal. Experimental validation shows that this method improves the bias instability at σ (100 s) of the gyroscope was improved by 73.1% compared to traditional platinum-resistance-based stabilization. The proposed framework is general and can be extended to other optical pumping-based sensors, such as optically pumped magnetometers.

原子自旋陀螺仪具有极高的理论精度，在原子陀螺仪中体积相对较小，小型化潜力大，是下一代惯性导航的理想选择。特别是，自旋交换无弛豫（SERF）原子陀螺仪依靠光泵浦使原子极化，通过法拉第旋光角（FORA）实现旋转传感。然而，原子密度的波动在FORA测量中引入了系统误差，限制了长期稳定性。我们提出了一种数据驱动的解耦方法，该方法通过模拟蒸汽池中的空间分辨光吸收，从FORA信号中分离出原子密度波动。该模型考虑了自旋极化在泵光相互作用体积、密度相关弛豫率、壁致弛豫和极化扩散中的空间分布，并在有限元框架内实现。与传统的兰伯特-比尔定律假设一维均匀性相比，我们的方法捕获了全三维密度和偏振分布，显著提高了光吸收建模的准确性。所得的吸收-密度图用于训练前馈神经网络，从而产生原子密度波动的高精度估计器。这个估计器可以构造一个解耦方程，将密度贡献从FORA信号中分离出来。实验验证表明，该方法改善了陀螺仪在σ (100 s)处的偏置不稳定性，比传统的铂电阻稳定化方法提高了73.1%。所提出的框架是通用的，可以扩展到其他基于光泵浦的传感器，如光泵浦磁强计。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of bio-inspired wing vein morphology on thrust generation in double-clap flapping-wing robots 仿生翼静脉形态对双拍扑翼机器人推力产生的影响

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.08.003

Tien Van Truong , Quoc-Viet Nguyen , Loan Thi Kim Au , Hung-Truyen Luong

Wing design is a critical factor in the aerodynamic performance of flapping-wing (FW) robots. Inspired by the natural wing structures of insects, bats, and birds, we explored how bio-mimetic wing vein morphologies, combined with a bio-inspired double wing clap-and-fling mechanism, affect thrust generation. This study focused on increasing vertical force and payload capacity. Through systematic experimentation with various vein configurations and structural designs, we developed innovative wings optimized for thrust production. Comprehensive tests were conducted to measure aerodynamic forces, power consumption, and wing kinematics across a range of flapping frequencies. Additionally, wings with different aspect ratios, a key factor in wing design, were fabricated and extensively evaluated. The study also examined the role of bio-inspired vein layouts on wing flexibility, a critical component in improving flight efficiency. Our findings demonstrate that the newly developed wing design led to a 20% increase in thrust, achieving up to 30 g-force (gf). This research sheds light on the clap-and-fling effect and establishes a promising framework for bio-inspired wing design, offering significant improvements in both performance and payload capacity for FW robots.

机翼设计是影响扑翼机器人气动性能的关键因素。受昆虫、蝙蝠和鸟类的自然翅膀结构的启发，我们探索了仿生翅膀静脉形态，结合仿生双翼拍击和投掷机制，如何影响推力的产生。这项研究的重点是增加垂直力和有效载荷能力。通过对各种叶脉配置和结构设计的系统实验，我们开发了创新的机翼，优化了推力产生。进行了全面的测试，以测量气动力，功率消耗和机翼在一系列扑动频率下的运动学。此外，还制造了不同展弦比的机翼，并对机翼设计的关键因素进行了广泛的评估。该研究还研究了仿生静脉布局对机翼灵活性的作用，这是提高飞行效率的关键组成部分。我们的研究结果表明，新开发的机翼设计使推力增加了20%，达到了30 g-force （gf）。这项研究揭示了拍击和投掷效应，并为仿生机翼设计建立了一个有希望的框架，为FW机器人的性能和有效载荷能力提供了重大改进。

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引用次数: 0

Interfacial engineering of Al-NH4CoF3@P(VDF-HFP) core-shell energetic composites via electrostatic spraying: Enhanced stability and combustion performance 静电喷涂Al-NH4CoF3@P（VDF-HFP）核壳复合材料界面工程：增强稳定性和燃烧性能

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.06.020

Xiandie Zhang, Zhijie Fan, Heng Xu, Jinbin Zou, Chongqing Deng, Xiang Zhou, Xiaode Guo

Al/NH₄CoF₃-Φ (Φ = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0) binary composites and Al-NH₄CoF₃@P(VDF-HFP) ternary composites are fabricated via ultrasonication-assisted blending and electrostatic spraying. The effect of equivalence ratio (Φ) on the reaction properties is systematically investigated in the binary Al/NH₄CoF₃ system. For ternary systems, electrostatic spraying allows both components to be efficiently encapsulated by P(VDF-HFP) and to achieve structural stabilization and enhanced reactivity through synergistic interfacial interactions. Morphological analysis using SEM/TEM revealed that P(VDF-HFP) formed a protective layer on Al and NH₄CoF₃ particles, improving dispersion, hydrophobicity (water contact angle increased by 80.5% compared to physically mixed composites), and corrosion resistance. Thermal decomposition of NH₄CoF₃ occurred at 265 °C, releasing NH₃ and HF, which triggered exothermic reactions with Al. The ternary composites exhibited a narrowed main reaction temperature range and concentrated heat release, attributed to improved interfacial contact and polymer decomposition. Combustion tests demonstrated that Al-NH₄CoF₃@P(VDF-HFP) achieved self-sustaining combustion. In addition, a simple validation was done by replacing the Al component in the aluminium-containing propellant, demonstrating its potential application in the propellant field. This work establishes a novel strategy for designing stable, high-energy composites with potential applications in advanced propulsion systems.

采用超声辅助共混和静电喷涂法制备了Al/NH4CoF3-Φ （Φ = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0）二元复合材料和Al-NH4CoF3@P（VDF-HFP）三元复合材料。系统地研究了Al/NH4CoF3二元体系中等当量比（Φ）对反应性质的影响。对于三元体系，静电喷涂允许两组分被P（VDF-HFP）有效封装，并通过协同界面相互作用实现结构稳定和增强反应性。SEM/TEM形貌分析表明，P（VDF-HFP）在Al和NH4CoF3颗粒上形成保护层，提高了分散性、疏水性（与物理混合的复合材料相比，水接触角提高了80.5%）和耐腐蚀性。NH4CoF3在265℃时发生热分解，释放出NH3和HF，并与Al发生放热反应。由于界面接触和聚合物分解的改善，三元复合材料的主反应温度范围缩小，放热集中。燃烧试验表明Al-NH4CoF3@P（VDF-HFP）实现了自燃。此外，通过替换含铝推进剂中的Al组分进行了简单的验证，展示了其在推进剂领域的潜在应用前景。这项工作为设计稳定的高能复合材料建立了一种新的策略，这种复合材料在先进推进系统中具有潜在的应用前景。

{"title":"Interfacial engineering of Al-NH4CoF3@P(VDF-HFP) core-shell energetic composites via electrostatic spraying: Enhanced stability and combustion performance","authors":"Xiandie Zhang, Zhijie Fan, Heng Xu, Jinbin Zou, Chongqing Deng, Xiang Zhou, Xiaode Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.06.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.06.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Al/NH<sub>4</sub>CoF<sub>3</sub>-<em>Φ</em> (<em>Φ</em> = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0) binary composites and Al-NH<sub>4</sub>CoF<sub>3</sub>@P(VDF-HFP) ternary composites are fabricated via ultrasonication-assisted blending and electrostatic spraying. The effect of equivalence ratio (<em>Φ</em>) on the reaction properties is systematically investigated in the binary Al/NH<sub>4</sub>CoF<sub>3</sub> system. For ternary systems, electrostatic spraying allows both components to be efficiently encapsulated by P(VDF-HFP) and to achieve structural stabilization and enhanced reactivity through synergistic interfacial interactions. Morphological analysis using SEM/TEM revealed that P(VDF-HFP) formed a protective layer on Al and NH<sub>4</sub>CoF<sub>3</sub> particles, improving dispersion, hydrophobicity (water contact angle increased by 80.5% compared to physically mixed composites), and corrosion resistance. Thermal decomposition of NH<sub>4</sub>CoF<sub>3</sub> occurred at 265 °C, releasing NH<sub>3</sub> and HF, which triggered exothermic reactions with Al. The ternary composites exhibited a narrowed main reaction temperature range and concentrated heat release, attributed to improved interfacial contact and polymer decomposition. Combustion tests demonstrated that Al-NH<sub>4</sub>CoF<sub>3</sub>@P(VDF-HFP) achieved self-sustaining combustion. In addition, a simple validation was done by replacing the Al component in the aluminium-containing propellant, demonstrating its potential application in the propellant field. This work establishes a novel strategy for designing stable, high-energy composites with potential applications in advanced propulsion systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 210-223"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Al-Li alloy with various Li content on the energy and combustion performance of HTPB propellant 不同Li含量Al-Li合金对HTPB推进剂能量和燃烧性能的影响

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.029

Weiqiang Xiong , Yunjie Liu , Tianfu Zhang , Dawen Zeng , Xiang Guo , Aimin Pang

In composite solid propellants with high aluminum (Al) content and low burning rate, incomplete combustion of the Al powder may occur. In this study, varying lithium (Li) content in Al-Li alloy powder was utilized instead of pure aluminum particles to mitigate agglomeration and enhance the combustion efficiency of solid propellants (Combustion efficiency herein refers to the completeness of metallic fuel oxidation, quantified as the ratio of actual-to-theoretical energy released during combustion) with high Al content and low burning rates. The impact of Al-Li alloy with different Li contents on combustion and agglomeration of solid propellant was investigated using explosion heat, combustion heat, differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermos-gravimetric analysis (TG), dynamic high-pressure combustion test, ignition experiment of small solid rocket motor (SRM) tests, condensation combustion product collection, and X-ray diffraction techniques (XRD). Compared with pure Al, Al-Li alloys exhibit higher combustion heat, which contributes to improved combustion efficiency in Al-Li alloy-containing propellants. DTA and TG analyses demonstrated higher reactivity and lower ignition temperatures for Al-Li alloys. High-pressure combustion experiments at 5 MPa showed that Al-Li alloy fuel significantly decreases combustion agglomeration. The results from the Ø75 mm and Ø165 mm SRM and XRD tests further support this finding. This study provides novel insights into the combustion and agglomeration behaviors of high-Al, low-burning-rate composite solid propellants and supports the potential application of Al-Li alloys in advanced propellant formulations.

在高铝（Al）含量和低燃烧速率的复合固体推进剂中，会出现Al粉不完全燃烧的情况。本研究利用Al-Li合金粉末中不同含量的锂来代替纯铝颗粒，在高铝含量、低燃速的情况下减轻固体推进剂的团聚，提高固体推进剂的燃烧效率（燃烧效率指金属燃料氧化的完成程度，量化为燃烧过程中释放的实际能量与理论能量之比）。采用爆炸热、燃烧热、差热分析（DTA）、热重分析（TG）、动态高压燃烧试验、小型固体火箭发动机点火试验、冷凝燃烧产物收集、x射线衍射技术（XRD）等研究了不同Li含量Al-Li合金对固体推进剂燃烧和团聚的影响。与纯Al相比，Al- li合金具有更高的燃烧热，这有助于提高含Al- li合金推进剂的燃烧效率。差热分析和热重分析表明，铝锂合金具有较高的反应性和较低的点火温度。5 MPa高压燃烧实验表明，Al-Li合金燃料显著降低了燃烧结块。Ø75 mm和Ø165 mm的SRM和XRD测试结果进一步支持了这一发现。该研究为高铝低燃率复合固体推进剂的燃烧和团聚行为提供了新的见解，并支持了铝锂合金在先进推进剂配方中的潜在应用。

{"title":"Effect of Al-Li alloy with various Li content on the energy and combustion performance of HTPB propellant","authors":"Weiqiang Xiong , Yunjie Liu , Tianfu Zhang , Dawen Zeng , Xiang Guo , Aimin Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In composite solid propellants with high aluminum (Al) content and low burning rate, incomplete combustion of the Al powder may occur. In this study, varying lithium (Li) content in Al-Li alloy powder was utilized instead of pure aluminum particles to mitigate agglomeration and enhance the combustion efficiency of solid propellants (Combustion efficiency herein refers to the completeness of metallic fuel oxidation, quantified as the ratio of actual-to-theoretical energy released during combustion) with high Al content and low burning rates. The impact of Al-Li alloy with different Li contents on combustion and agglomeration of solid propellant was investigated using explosion heat, combustion heat, differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermos-gravimetric analysis (TG), dynamic high-pressure combustion test, ignition experiment of small solid rocket motor (SRM) tests, condensation combustion product collection, and X-ray diffraction techniques (XRD). Compared with pure Al, Al-Li alloys exhibit higher combustion heat, which contributes to improved combustion efficiency in Al-Li alloy-containing propellants. DTA and TG analyses demonstrated higher reactivity and lower ignition temperatures for Al-Li alloys. High-pressure combustion experiments at 5 MPa showed that Al-Li alloy fuel significantly decreases combustion agglomeration. The results from the <em>Ø</em>75 mm and <em>Ø</em>165 mm SRM and XRD tests further support this finding. This study provides novel insights into the combustion and agglomeration behaviors of high-Al, low-burning-rate composite solid propellants and supports the potential application of Al-Li alloys in advanced propellant formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 30-39"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inverse design framework of hybrid honeycomb structure with high impact resistance based on active learning 基于主动学习的高抗冲击混合蜂窝结构反设计框架

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.04.009

Xingyu Shen , Ke Yan , Difeng Zhu , Hao Wu , Shijun Luo , Shaobo Qi , Mengqi Yuan , Xinming Qian

In this study, an inverse design framework was established to find lightweight honeycomb structures (HCSs) with high impact resistance. The hybrid HCS, composed of re-entrant (RE) and elliptical annular re-entrant (EARE) honeycomb cells, was created by constructing arrangement matrices to achieve structural lightweight. The machine learning (ML) framework consisted of a neural network (NN) forward regression model for predicting impact resistance and a multi-objective optimization algorithm for generating high-performance designs. The surrogate of the local design space was initially realized by establishing the NN in the small sample dataset, and the active learning strategy was used to continuously extended the local optimal design until the model converged in the global space. The results indicated that the active learning strategy significantly improved the inference capability of the NN model in unknown design domains. By guiding the iteration direction of the optimization algorithm, lightweight designs with high impact resistance were identified. The energy absorption capacity of the optimal design reached 94.98% of the EARE honeycomb, while the initial peak stress and mass decreased by 28.85% and 19.91%, respectively. Furthermore, Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) for global explanation of the NN indicated a strong correlation between the arrangement mode of HCS and its impact resistance. By reducing the stiffness of the cells at the top boundary of the structure, the initial impact damage sustained by the structure can be significantly improved. Overall, this study proposed a general lightweight design method for array structures under impact loads, which is beneficial for the widespread application of honeycomb-based protective structures.

在这项研究中，建立了一个反设计框架，以寻找具有高抗冲击性的轻质蜂窝结构（HCSs）。通过构建排列矩阵实现结构轻量化，构建了由重入式（RE）和椭圆环形重入式（EARE）蜂窝单元组成的复合型HCS。机器学习（ML）框架由用于预测抗冲击性的神经网络（NN）前向回归模型和用于生成高性能设计的多目标优化算法组成。通过在小样本数据集中建立神经网络，初步实现局部设计空间的代理，并采用主动学习策略不断扩展局部最优设计，直到模型收敛到全局空间。结果表明，主动学习策略显著提高了神经网络模型在未知设计域的推理能力。通过指导优化算法的迭代方向，确定了具有高抗冲击性的轻量化设计。优化设计后的蜂窝吸能能力达到EARE蜂窝的94.98%，初始峰值应力和质量分别降低了28.85%和19.91%。此外，对神经网络进行全局解释的Shapley加性解释（SHAP）表明，HCS的排列方式与其抗冲击性之间存在很强的相关性。通过降低结构顶边界单元的刚度，可以显著改善结构承受的初始冲击损伤。总体而言，本研究提出了一种冲击载荷下阵列结构的通用轻量化设计方法，有利于蜂窝式防护结构的广泛应用。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced hydrophobicity and photosensitivity of DATNBI/alginate films via ionic cross-linking for near-infrared laser ignition 通过离子交联增强近红外激光点火DATNBI/海藻酸盐膜的疏水性和光敏性

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.027

Ping Ye , Weimiao Wang , Xiaodong Li , Zhiqiang Qiao , Changping Guo , Jinjin He , Xu Zhou , Rui Li , Guangcheng Yang , Guoqing Lv

Based on the characteristics of laser-induced surface ignition, energetic photosensitive films show promising potential to meet the ignition requirements of various energetic materials (EMs). In this study, DATNBI/ferric alginate (DI/FeA), DI/cobalt alginate (DI/CoA), and DI/nickel alginate (DI/NiA) films are fabricated by employing sodium alginate (SA) with a three-dimensional network structure as the film matrix, via ionic cross-linking of SA with Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, and Ni²⁺ ions. The study demonstrates that the ionic cross-linking enhances the hydrophobic performance of the films, with the water contact angle increasing from 82.1° to 123.5°. Concurrently, the films' near-infrared (NIR) light absorption improved. Furthermore, transition metal ions facilitate accelerated electron transfer, thereby catalyzing the thermal decomposition of DATNBI. Under 1064 nm laser irradiation, the DI/FeA film exhibits exceptional combustion performance, with an ignition delay time as low as 76 ms. It successfully acts as an NIR laser ignition medium to initiate the self-sustained combustion of CL-20. This study demonstrates the synergistic realization of enhanced hydrophobicity, improved photosensitivity, and promoted catalytic decomposition through microstructural design of the material, providing new insights for the design of additive-free EMs in laser ignition applications.

基于激光诱导表面点火的特性，高能光敏膜在满足各种含能材料的点火要求方面具有广阔的应用前景。本研究以具有三维网状结构的海藻酸钠（SA）为膜基体，通过SA与Fe3+、Co2+、Ni2+离子交联制备了DATNBI/藻酸铁（DI/FeA）、DI/藻酸钴（DI/CoA）、DI/藻酸镍（DI/NiA）薄膜。研究表明，离子交联提高了膜的疏水性能，水接触角从82.1°增加到123.5°。同时，薄膜的近红外（NIR）光吸收得到了改善。此外，过渡金属离子促进加速电子转移，从而催化DATNBI的热分解。在1064 nm激光照射下，DI/FeA薄膜表现出优异的燃烧性能，点火延迟时间低至76 ms。它成功地作为近红外激光点火介质启动CL-20的自燃。本研究通过材料的微观结构设计，证明了增强疏水性、提高光敏性和促进催化分解的协同实现，为激光点火应用中无添加剂EMs的设计提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

A high-energy powder with excellent combustion reaction performance: Surface modification strategy of boron powder based on non-thermal plasma 一种具有优异燃烧反应性能的高能粉末：基于非热等离子体的硼粉表面改性策略

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.031

Kangkang Li , Jianyong Xu , Xiaoting Lei , Mengzhe Yang , Jing Liu , Luqi Guo , Pengfei Cui , Dihua Ouyang , Chunpei Yu , He Cheng , Jiahai Ye , Wenchao Zhang

The presence of a surface oxide film (B₂O₃) on boron (B) particles significantly compromises their combustion efficiency and kinetic performance in fuel-rich solid propellants. This study proposes an innovative continuous modification strategy combining non-thermal plasma (NTP) etching with fluorocarbon passivation. Characterization and kinetic analysis revealed that reactive plasma species—including atomic hydrogen (H), electronically excited molecular hydrogen (H₂∗), vibrationally excited molecular hydrogen (H₂v), and hydrogen ions (H⁺)—dominate the reduction of B₂O₃ through lowering the transition energy barrier and shifting the reaction spontaneity. Subsequent argon plasma fragmentation of C₈F₁₈ generates fluorocarbon radicals that form conformal passivation coatings (thickness: 7 nm) on purified boron surfaces. The modified boron particles exhibit 37.5 °C lower exothermic peak temperature and 27.2% higher heat release (14.8 kJ/g vs. 11.6 kJ/g) compared to untreated counterparts. Combustion diagnostics reveal 194% increase in maximum flame height (135.10 mm vs. 46.03 mm) and 134% enhancement in flame propagation rate (4.44 cm/s vs. 1.90 cm/s). This NTP-based surface engineering approach establishes a scalable pathway for developing high-performance boron-based energetic composites.

硼(B)颗粒表面氧化膜（B2O3）的存在显著影响其在富燃料固体推进剂中的燃烧效率和动力学性能。本研究提出了一种将非热等离子体（NTP）蚀刻与氟碳钝化相结合的创新连续改性策略。表征和动力学分析表明，反应等离子体物质——包括原子氢(H)、电子激发分子氢（H2 *）、振动激发分子氢（H2v）和氢离子（H+）——通过降低跃迁能垒和改变反应自发性来主导B2O3的还原。随后，C8F18的氩等离子体碎裂产生氟碳自由基，在纯化的硼表面形成保形钝化涂层（厚度：7纳米）。与未处理的硼粒子相比，改性硼粒子的放热峰值温度降低了37.5℃，放热量增加了27.2% （14.8 kJ/g vs. 11.6 kJ/g）。燃烧诊断显示最大火焰高度增加194% (135.10 mm vs. 46.03 mm)，火焰传播速率增加134% （4.44 cm/s vs. 1.90 cm/s）。这种基于ntp的表面工程方法为开发高性能硼基高能复合材料建立了一条可扩展的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Distributed robust data-driven event-triggered control for QUAVs under stochastic disturbances 随机扰动下quav的分布式鲁棒数据驱动事件触发控制

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.030

Chao Song , Hao Li , Bo Li , Jiacun Wang , Chunwei Tian

To address the issue of instability or even imbalance in the orientation and attitude control of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (QUAVs) under random disturbances, this paper proposes a distributed anti-disturbance data-driven event-triggered fusion control method, which achieves efficient fault diagnosis while suppressing random disturbances and mitigating communication conflicts within the QUAV swarm. First, the impact of random disturbances on the UAV swarm is analyzed, and a model for orientation and attitude control of QUAVs under stochastic perturbations is established, with the disturbance gain threshold determined. Second, a fault diagnosis system based on a high-gain observer is designed, constructing a fault gain criterion by integrating orientation and attitude information from QUAVs. Subsequently, a model-free dynamic linearization-based data modeling (MFDLDM) framework is developed using model-free adaptive control, which efficiently fits the nonlinear control model of the QUAV swarm while reducing temporal constraints on control data. On this basis, this paper constructs a distributed data-driven event-triggered controller based on the staggered communication mechanism, which consists of an equivalent QUAV controller and an event-triggered controller, and is able to reduce the communication conflicts while suppressing the influence of random interference. Finally, by incorporating random disturbances into the controller, comparative experiments and physical validations are conducted on the QUAV platforms, fully demonstrating the strong adaptability and robustness of the proposed distributed event-triggered fault-tolerant control system.

针对四旋翼无人机在随机干扰下姿态姿态控制不稳定甚至失衡的问题，提出了一种分布式抗干扰数据驱动事件触发融合控制方法，在抑制随机干扰的同时，实现了高效的故障诊断，缓解了四旋翼无人机群内的通信冲突。首先，分析了随机扰动对无人机群的影响，建立了随机扰动下quav的姿态和方向控制模型，确定了扰动增益阈值。其次，设计了一种基于高增益观测器的故障诊断系统，通过综合自动飞行器的姿态和方向信息，构造了故障增益判据；在此基础上，利用无模型自适应控制，建立了基于无模型动态线性化的数据建模框架，有效地拟合了QUAV群的非线性控制模型，同时减少了控制数据的时间约束。在此基础上，本文构建了基于交错通信机制的分布式数据驱动事件触发控制器，该控制器由等效QUAV控制器和事件触发控制器组成，能够在抑制随机干扰影响的同时减少通信冲突。最后，通过将随机干扰引入控制器，在QUAV平台上进行了对比实验和物理验证，充分证明了所提出的分布式事件触发容错控制系统具有较强的适应性和鲁棒性。

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引用次数: 0