Defence Technology(防务技术)最新文献

Development of silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon oxycarbide composites for low-observable unmanned aerial vehicle exhaust nozzles via filament winding, and polymer infiltration and pyrolysis 利用长丝缠绕、聚合物渗透热解制备低可观测无人机排气喷嘴用碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅氧复合材料

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.001

Byeong-Joo Kim , Ji Eun Lee , Chang-Bin Oh , Doo Hyun Choi , Man Young Lee , Dae Young Jo , Shin Kim

Unmanned combat aerial vehicles require lightweight, stealth-capable exhaust systems. However, traditional metallic nozzles increase radar detectability and reduce range, while advanced composites offer high performance but are expensive. Therefore, to improve the operational range and survivability of unmanned combat aerial vehicles, a lightweight, high-temperature-resistant, oxidation-resistant, and low-observable composite exhaust nozzle is developed to replace conventional metallic straight-type nozzles. The nozzle features a double serpentine shape to reduce radar and infrared signatures and is manufactured as a monolithic structure using the filament winding process, accommodating the complex geometry and large size (length: 1.8 m, width: 0.8 m). The exhaust nozzle consists of a ceramic matrix composite made of silicon carbide fibers and a silicon oxycarbide matrix, which absorbs and scatters radio frequency signals while withstanding prolonged exposure to high-temperature (700 °C) oxidizing environments typical of engine exhaust gases. The polysiloxane resin used to produce the silicon oxycarbide matrix poses significant challenges owing to its low tackiness and high viscosity variations depending on the presence of nanoparticles, making filament winding difficult. These challenges are addressed by optimizing resin viscosity and winding pattern design. As a result, the tensile strength of the composite specimens fabricated with the optimized viscosity increases by 228.03% before pyrolysis and 97.68% after pyrolysis, compared with that of the non-optimized specimens. In addition, the density and tensile strength of the composite processed via three cycles of polymer infiltration and pyrolysis increased by 13.08% and 80.37%, respectively, compared to those of the non-densified composite. High-temperature oxidation and flame tests demonstrate exceptional thermal and oxidative stability. Furthermore, when compared with carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites, the developed composite exhibits a permittivity at least two levels lower and a reflection loss below −7 dB within the frequency range of 9.3–10.9 GHz, underscoring its superior electromagnetic stealth performance.

无人作战飞机需要轻型、隐身的排气系统。然而，传统的金属喷嘴提高了雷达的可探测性，减少了射程，而先进的复合材料提供了高性能，但价格昂贵。因此，为了提高无人作战飞行器的作战范围和生存能力，研制了一种轻量化、耐高温、抗氧化、低可观测性的复合排气喷嘴，以取代传统的金属直管式喷嘴。喷嘴的特点是双蛇形形状，以减少雷达和红外信号，并使用长丝缠绕工艺作为整体结构制造，适应复杂的几何形状和大尺寸（长：1.8米，宽：0.8米）。排气喷嘴由碳化硅纤维和氧化碳化硅基体制成的陶瓷基复合材料组成，可以吸收和散射射频信号，同时承受长时间暴露在高温（700°C）氧化环境中典型的发动机废气。用于生产氧化碳化硅基体的聚硅氧烷树脂面临着巨大的挑战，因为它的低粘性和高粘度变化取决于纳米颗粒的存在，使得长丝缠绕困难。这些挑战是通过优化树脂粘度和缠绕模式设计来解决的。结果表明，采用优化黏度制备的复合材料试样在热解前和热解后的抗拉强度分别比未优化的试样提高了228.03%和97.68%。此外，经过3次聚合物浸润和热解处理的复合材料的密度和抗拉强度分别比未致密化的复合材料提高了13.08%和80.37%。高温氧化和火焰测试显示出优异的热稳定性和氧化稳定性。此外，与碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料相比，所研制的复合材料在9.3-10.9 GHz频率范围内的介电常数至少降低了两级，反射损耗低于- 7 dB，突出了其优越的电磁隐身性能。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of projectile material on high-speed penetration/perforation of Inconel 718 alloy plates: Experiments and simulations 弹丸材料对Inconel 718合金板高速侵彻/穿孔的影响：实验与模拟

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.026

Yandan Chen , Junyi Hua , Nan Wang , Jun Wu , Bixiong Bie , Yonggang Lu , Bo Li , Yang Cai , Shengnian Luo

We investigate the effects of projectile material on high-speed penetration/perforation of Inconel 718 alloy (IN718) plates. High-speed ballistic impact tests are conducted on 2 mm-thickness IN718 plates with 5-mm-diameter stainless steel 304 (SS304), Ti alloy TC4, and Al alloy AA1060 spherical projectiles. The impact processes are captured with high-speed photography. Optical and scanning electron microscopy and laser scan are conducted on recovered projectiles and targets. Finite element models of the ballistic impact are established based on the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian algorithm with the Johnson–Cook constitutive model and failure criterion, and can well reproduce the experimental results. The experimental and simulated data related to projectile dynamics, and the geometries of postmortem projectiles and bullet holes are analyzed with phenomenological models. Projectile velocity evolution can be described with hydrodynamic models of penetration. Dimensional analysis reveals a universal relationship between the bullet hole expansion coefficient and the normalized dynamic pressure, regardless of the projectile material. However, the projectile material does affect projectile deformation, bullet hole size, and energy absorption of target.

研究了弹丸材料对IN718合金（IN718）板高速侵彻的影响。采用直径为5mm的不锈钢304 （SS304）、钛合金TC4、铝合金AA1060球形弹丸，对厚度为2mm的IN718板进行高速弹道冲击试验。撞击过程用高速摄影捕捉到。对回收的弹丸和目标进行了光学、扫描电子显微镜和激光扫描。基于欧拉-拉格朗日耦合算法，结合Johnson-Cook本构模型和失效准则，建立了弹道冲击的有限元模型，能较好地再现试验结果。用现象学模型对弹丸动力学、死后弹丸几何形状和弹孔等相关实验和仿真数据进行了分析。弹丸速度演化可以用侵彻水动力模型来描述。量纲分析表明，无论弹丸材料如何，弹孔膨胀系数与归一化动压之间存在普遍的关系。但弹丸材料对弹丸变形、弹孔尺寸、靶体吸能等都有影响。

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引用次数: 0

A methodology for constructing the system-of-systems environment to evaluate UAV decision systems 构建系统的系统环境评估无人机决策系统的方法

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.029

Zhiqi Liu , Mingqiang Luo , Yulu Ma , Chenguang Xing , Ruo Wang , Daheng Chen , Xiaolu Wang

Evaluating Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) systems within a System-of-Systems (SoS) environment helps clarify their contribution to the overall combat capability and supports effectiveness-oriented system optimization. When assessing decision systems in such an environment, cross-level modeling and simulation are required, which often face a trade-off between low modeling cost and high simulation accuracy, while the credibility of results remains challenging to ensure. To address these issues, this study proposes a hybrid-granularity Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) SoS environment construction method based on Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT). The method employs GERT to analyze the relationships between simulation systems, the System Under Test (SUT), and mission outcomes, thereby determining the required model precision for different systems. A dynamic resource allocation algorithm is applied to adjust model granularity on demand, ensuring high-fidelity simulation under constrained total cost. Additionally, GERT estimates the computational frequency and communication bandwidth requirements of the SUT, guiding hardware selection to enhance simulation credibility. A UAV maritime combat case study was conducted for validation. The results demonstrate that, compared to the flat modeling approach, the hybrid-granularity scenario based on GERT analysis achieves higher simulation accuracy with lower overall model complexity. The coefficient of variation in evaluation results significantly decreases in HIL simulations compared to virtual simulations, confirming improved credibility. Under the hybrid-granularity HIL scenario, the decision system was evaluated from an effectiveness perspective, identifying the most sensitive performance parameter. Subsequent targeted optimization led to an 11.90% improvement in effectiveness, validating the method's practical utility.

在系统的系统（so）环境中评估无人机（UAV）系统有助于阐明其对整体作战能力的贡献，并支持以有效性为导向的系统优化。在这种环境下对决策系统进行评估时，需要进行跨层建模和仿真，这往往面临着低建模成本和高仿真精度之间的权衡，而结果的可信度仍然难以保证。为了解决这些问题，本研究提出了一种基于图形评价与评审技术（GERT）的混合粒度硬件在环（HIL） SoS环境构建方法。该方法利用GERT分析仿真系统、被测系统（System Under Test， SUT）和任务结果之间的关系，从而确定不同系统所需的模型精度。采用动态资源分配算法按需调整模型粒度，保证了总成本约束下的高保真仿真。此外，GERT估计SUT的计算频率和通信带宽需求，指导硬件选择以提高仿真可信度。进行了无人机海上作战案例研究以进行验证。结果表明，与平面建模方法相比，基于GERT分析的混合粒度场景在整体模型复杂度较低的情况下实现了更高的仿真精度。与虚拟仿真相比，HIL仿真中评估结果的变异系数显著降低，证实了可信度的提高。在混合粒度HIL场景下，从有效性角度对决策系统进行评价，找出最敏感的性能参数。随后的针对性优化使效率提高了11.90%，验证了该方法的实用性。

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引用次数: 0

Phase geometric propagation model of spherical projectile impacting thin plate based on shock wave propagation 基于激波传播的球面弹丸撞击薄板的相位几何传播模型

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.034

Lvtan Chen , Qiguang He , Chenyang Wu , Ying Chen , Qunyi Tang , Xiaowei Chen

Material phase-transition represents a significant phenomenon and mechanism in the context of hypervelocity protection. This study presents a thorough analysis of the phase-transition phenomena induced by shock pressure as the shock wave propagates initially to the rear of the projectile. The shock wave that induces a phase-transition is commonly referred to as a macroscopic phase-transition wave, whereas the interface that separates the distinct phases is referred to as macroscopic phase-boundary. The contact interface between the spherical projectile and the thin plate, characterized by its curved surface, plays a significant role in the nonlinear propagation and evolution of wave systems. The pressure distribution along the central axis of a spherical projectile is derived in accordance with the linear decay law observed for axial pressure. On this basis, a quadratic function is employed to characterize the trend of changes in wave front pressure, thereby facilitating the establishment of a model for wave front pressure distribution. Using the phase-transition pressure criterion for materials, the wave front phase evolution process is derived, and the macroscopic phase-boundary is determined. Based on the geometric propagation model (GPM) and the pressure distribution of the wave front, a phase geometric propagation model (PGPM) is proposed. The phase distribution of a spherical projectile impacting a thin plate is obtained by theoretical methods. The accuracy of the PGPM is subsequently validated through a comparison of its results with those obtained from numerical simulations.

材料相变是超高速保护中一个重要的现象和机制。本研究对冲击波最初传播到弹丸尾部时冲击波压力引起的相变现象进行了深入分析。引起相变的激波通常被称为宏观相变波，而将不同相分离的界面被称为宏观相界。球面弹丸与薄板的接触界面以其曲面为特征，在波系的非线性传播和演化中起着重要的作用。根据轴向压力的线性衰减规律，导出了球面弹丸沿中轴线的压力分布。在此基础上，采用二次函数表征波前压力变化趋势，便于建立波前压力分布模型。利用材料相变压力判据，推导了波前相演化过程，确定了宏观相界。基于几何传播模型和波前压力分布，提出了相位几何传播模型。用理论方法得到了球面弹丸撞击薄板时的相位分布。随后，通过与数值模拟结果的比较，验证了PGPM的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on damage characteristics of t-shaped stiffened plates subjected to different types of shaped charges: Linear-shaped charge, embowed linear-shaped charge, and embowed linear explosively formed projectile t型加筋板在线形装药、包埋线形装药和包埋线形爆装药三种不同装药作用下损伤特性的实验研究

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.012

Shenhe Zhang , Zhifan Zhang , Shuxin Yang , Longkan Wang , Yutong Sui , Guiyong Zhang , Zhi Zong

In order to investigate the penetration performance of Linear-Shaped Charge (LSC), Embowed Linear-Shaped Charge (ELSC), and Embowed Linear Explosively Formed Projectile (ELEFP) on T-shaped stiffened plates, a series of near-field air-burst experiments are conducted. The damage modes and characteristics of the target plates are compared and analyzed. Each flat plate section is completely punctured, resulting in a penetration hole. The damage modes induced by the three charge types on the stiffened plate structure are consistent, characterized by shear failure in the central region of the flat plate due to penetration by the penetrator, localized plastic deformation of the flat plate, and local penetration failure resulting from partial perforation of the central stiffener. The penetration lengths caused by ELSC and ELEFP are 45.1% and 46.1% larger than that of LSC, while the half-width of the penetration hole generated by ELEFP is 54.2% and 24.7% smaller than that of ELSC and LSC, respectively. The penetration height caused by ELEFP are 17.5% and 62.1% larger than that of ELSC and LSC, respectively. The stiffener effectively segments the damage area, enhancing the local structural strength and limiting the extent of plastic deformation in the flat plate section. The comparative results show that the ELSC proves to be more effective for efficient large-scale damage, and ELEFP is more suitable for achieving efficient localized damage.

为了研究线形装药（LSC）、压花线形装药（ELSC）和压花线形爆炸成形弹（ELEFP）在t型加筋板上的侵彻性能，进行了一系列近场空爆试验。对目标板的损伤模式和损伤特性进行了比较分析。每个平板部分被完全刺穿，形成一个穿透孔。三种装药对加筋板结构的破坏模式一致，均表现为侵彻器侵彻导致的平板中部剪切破坏、平板局部塑性变形和中部加劲器部分穿孔导致的局部侵彻破坏。ELSC和ELEFP产生的穿透长度分别比LSC大45.1%和46.1%，而ELEFP产生的穿透孔半宽分别比ELSC和LSC小54.2%和24.7%。ELEFP的穿透高度分别比ELSC和LSC高17.5%和62.1%。加劲肋有效分割了损伤区域，提高了局部结构强度，限制了平板截面的塑性变形程度。对比结果表明，ELSC更适用于高效的大规模损伤，ELEFP更适用于高效的局部损伤。

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引用次数: 0

Performance comparison of full-scale ramjet and scramjet using boron-based propellant 采用硼基推进剂的全尺寸冲压发动机与超燃冲压发动机性能比较

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.08.013

Xianju Wu , Zhijun Wei , Yun Wang , Ling zhou , Yunhui Wang , Ningfei Wang

This study investigates the performance boundaries of ramjet and scramjet engines fueled by boron-based propellant through full-scale engine modeling and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations. Results show that the performance boundary between ramjets and scramjets occurs near Mach 7. Specifically, at Mach 6, the ramjet exhibits a 1290 m/s higher specific impulse than the scramjet; however, at Mach 7, their performance becomes comparable. The ramjet's higher static temperature promotes boron particle vaporization and B₂O₂ dissociation, limiting the total temperature increase, unlike in scramjets. The boron vapor mass fraction significantly impacts this temperature difference, with ramjets exhibiting values 8.5 and 3.9 times higher than scramjets at Mach 6 and Mach 7, respectively. Despite lower total temperatures, ramjets achieve more efficient boron combustion due to the combined effects of higher pressures and longer particle residence times. These findings offer valuable insights for engine designers in selecting ramjet or scramjet configurations for boron-fueled propulsion systems.

通过全尺寸发动机建模和三维计算流体动力学仿真，研究了以硼基推进剂为燃料的冲压发动机和超燃冲压发动机的性能边界。结果表明，冲压发动机和超燃冲压发动机的性能边界出现在马赫数7附近。具体来说，在6马赫时，冲压发动机比超燃冲压发动机的比冲高1290 m/s；然而，在7马赫时，它们的性能变得相当。与超燃冲压发动机不同，冲压发动机较高的静态温度促进硼颗粒汽化和B2O2解离，限制了总温度的升高。硼蒸气质量分数对温度差异有显著影响，在6马赫和7马赫时，冲压发动机的温度差异分别是超燃冲压发动机的8.5倍和3.9倍。尽管总温度较低，但由于更高的压力和更长的颗粒停留时间的综合作用，冲压发动机可以实现更有效的硼燃烧。这些发现为发动机设计师在选择冲压发动机或超燃冲压发动机配置的硼燃料推进系统提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Electromagnetic dynamic self-piercing riveting (ED-SPR): A novel approach for enhanced dissimilar material joining 电磁动态自穿铆接（ED-SPR）：一种增强异种材料连接的新方法

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.028

Yuejie Cao , Xiaoyan Tang , Xiang Li , Zhonghuan Huang , Wenjie Yin , Xiangyu Huang , Hongtu Zhang , Zengqiang Cao

This study introduces electromagnetic dynamic self-piercing riveting (ED-SPR), an innovative technique that integrates electromagnetic riveting principles with static self-piercing riveting (S-SPR) for high-performance structural joints. A dedicated methodology and experimental apparatus for ED-SPR were systematically designed and validated. Quantitative comparative analyses between ED-SPR and S-SPR were conducted on three critical material combinations: CFRP/Al, low-strength steel HC340LA/Al, and high-strength steel DP590/Al. Key findings demonstrate that the electromagnetic-driven process reduces installation resistance by 60% and achieves a 30% larger interlock distance at the joint base compared to S-SPR. These quantitative advantages directly contribute to an approximately 30% increase in load-bearing capacity and superior damage tolerance in ED-SPR joints, as evidenced by tensile-shear testing of single-lap joints. Furthermore, distinct failure modes were observed: ED-SPR joints exhibited top plate pull-out failure in CFRP/Al and DP590/Al configurations, contrasting with the predominant rivet pull-out failure in S-SPR counterparts. Surface morphology and damage evolution were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on post-assembly and tensile-failed specimens. The study establishes a foundation for optimizing electromagnetic-driven riveting parameters to mitigate CFRP delamination and further enhance joint reliability in vehicle body and aircraft fuselage structures.

本研究介绍了电磁动态自穿孔铆接（ED-SPR），这是一种将电磁铆接原理与静态自穿孔铆接（S-SPR）相结合的创新技术，用于高性能结构接头。系统地设计和验证了ED-SPR的专用方法和实验装置。对CFRP/Al、低强度钢HC340LA/Al和高强度钢DP590/Al三种关键材料组合进行了ED-SPR和S-SPR的定量比较分析。关键研究结果表明，与S-SPR相比，电磁驱动过程将安装阻力降低了60%，并使节口处的联锁距离增加了30%。这些数量上的优势直接导致ED-SPR接头的承载能力提高了约30%，并且具有优异的损伤容限，这一点在单搭接接头的拉伸-剪切试验中得到了证明。此外，还观察到不同的破坏模式：CFRP/Al和DP590/Al配置的ED-SPR节点表现出顶板拔出破坏，与S-SPR对应的铆钉拔出破坏形成鲜明对比。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对组装后和拉伸破坏试样的表面形貌和损伤演化进行了表征。该研究为优化电磁驱动铆接参数，减轻碳纤维布脱层，进一步提高车身与机身结构的连接可靠性奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Hypervelocity impact response and protection for the track steels of rocket sled system via light-gas gun experiments 火箭滑橇系统轨道钢的超高速冲击响应及防护

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.016

Siwei Zhao , Yi Zeng , Xuewen Zhou , Weixing Zhao , Botao Xie , Jianbin Jing , Yan Chen , Yilun Liu

Hypervelocity rocket sled systems are critical for testing advanced military technologies, yet track damage at speeds exceeding Mach 5 remains a significant challenge for system reliability and performance. In this study, we investigated the hypervelocity impact response and protection for high-strength U71Mn or bainitic steel used in rocket sled tracks. Flyer plate impact experiments using a two-stage light-gas gun were conducted to study the hypervelocity collision response, followed by the microstructural characterization via optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy equipped with electron backscatter diffraction to reveal underlying damage mechanisms. Then, the calibrated thermal-mechanical coupled finite element simulations using the Johnson-Cook constitutive model and Mie-Grüneisen equation of state were carried out. Results indicated that bainitic steel exhibits superior impact resistance with predominantly smooth scratch-dominated damage due to its higher ductility. In contrast, U71Mn suffered significant material spallation and crack propagation arising from brittle fracture mechanisms. Zinc-rich epoxy primer coatings effectively mitigated stress concentration and temperature rise in the substrate at impacting velocities below 2.4 km/s, so as to suppress the microstructural damage such as adiabatic shear bands and dynamic recrystallization. However, coating protection diminished at ultra-high-speed impacts due to the coating failure. Dimensional analysis established quantitative relationships of the gouge damage size to projectile mass, impact velocity, and material yield strength. This study provides in-depth insights into damage mechanisms in hypervelocity rail systems, demonstrating that bainitic steel combined with protective coatings can significantly enhance impact resistance and system reliability, offering valuable guidance for the design and optimization of hypervelocity testing platforms.

超高速火箭滑橇系统对于测试先进的军事技术至关重要，然而，超过5马赫的速度对系统可靠性和性能来说仍然是一个重大挑战。本文研究了高强度U71Mn和贝氏体钢用于火箭滑轨的超高速冲击响应和防护性能。利用两级光气枪对飞片进行了超高速撞击实验，并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和电子背散射衍射技术对飞片进行了微观结构表征，揭示了飞片的损伤机理。然后，采用Johnson-Cook本构模型和mie - gr neisen状态方程进行了标定后的热-力耦合有限元模拟。结果表明，贝氏体钢具有较高的延展性，具有较好的抗冲击性能，损伤以光滑划痕为主。相比之下，U71Mn由于脆性断裂机制出现了明显的材料剥落和裂纹扩展。富锌环氧底漆能有效减缓冲击速度低于2.4 km/s时基体中的应力集中和温升，从而抑制绝热剪切带和动态再结晶等微观组织损伤。然而，由于涂层失效，涂层保护在超高速撞击下减弱。量纲分析建立了凿击损伤尺寸与弹丸质量、冲击速度和材料屈服强度之间的定量关系。本研究深入探讨了超高速轨道系统的损伤机理，表明贝氏体钢结合防护涂层可显著提高系统的抗冲击性和可靠性，为超高速试验平台的设计和优化提供了有价值的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of ultrahigh-strain-rate compressive behaviors in single 10-μm scale fibers using a micro-scale Hopkinson bar method 微尺度Hopkinson棒法表征10 μm单纤维的超高应变速率压缩行为

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.023

Liang Ma , Lingxin Hu , Haoxiang Wang , Yichao Yuan , Jian Wei , Xiaoxin Zhao , Kunkun Zeng , Yuze Zhao , Zhiyin Zhao , Jiagui Liu , Shizhao Chen , Jinling Gao

High-performance fiber fabrics and composites experienced transverse compression deformation at ultrahigh strain rates near the impact point when subjected to high-velocity impacts, which significantly affected their ballistic limits. In this paper, a fiber-scale experimental method for characterizing ultrahigh strain-rate transverse compression behavior was proposed. To begin with, in order to measure the extremely low stress and strain in small specimens, the conventional Hopkinson bar was reduced to the hundred-micron scale, thereby achieving wave impedance matching with single fibers. In addition, tangential and normal laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) methods were employed to realize non-contact, high-precision, and high-speed axial velocity measurements of micron-scale incident and transmission bars, respectively. Meanwhile, a microscopic observation system was used to facilitate the installation of miniature fiber samples. The experimental setup and procedures were introduced, and the system accuracy was verified through sample-free loading tests based on one-dimensional stress wave propagation theory. Dynamic compression experiments on Graphene-UHMWPE fibers were carried out, followed by post-compression microstructural characterization via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results demonstrated that successful mechanical characterization was achieved at strain rates exceeding 10⁵, an order of magnitude higher than the previously reported maximum rates. Furthermore, during the loading process, the fibers underwent uniform compression deformation while exhibiting pronounced strain-rate effects. This method offers a novel approach for dynamic mechanical characterization of microscale single fibers, enabling the development of comprehensive strain-rate-dependent material models to guide the design of advanced composites and high-performance fibers.

高性能纤维织物和复合材料在受到高速撞击时，在撞击点附近以超高应变率发生横向压缩变形，这显著影响了其弹道极限。本文提出了一种表征超高应变率横向压缩特性的纤维尺度实验方法。首先，为了测量小试件的极低应力应变，将传统的霍普金森杆缩小到百微米尺度，从而实现与单纤维的波阻抗匹配。此外，采用切向激光多普勒测速法和法向激光多普勒测速法分别实现了微米尺度入射杆和透射杆的非接触、高精度和高速轴向速度测量。同时，为了方便微型纤维样品的安装，采用了显微观察系统。介绍了试验装置和步骤，并通过基于一维应力波传播理论的无试样加载试验验证了系统的准确性。对石墨烯-超高分子量聚乙烯纤维进行了动态压缩实验，并通过扫描电镜（SEM）对压缩后的微观结构进行了表征。结果表明，在应变速率超过105（比先前报道的最大速率高一个数量级）的情况下，成功地实现了力学表征。此外，在加载过程中，纤维表现出均匀的压缩变形，并表现出明显的应变率效应。该方法为微尺度单纤维的动态力学表征提供了一种新的方法，使综合应变率相关材料模型的发展能够指导高级复合材料和高性能纤维的设计。

{"title":"Characterization of ultrahigh-strain-rate compressive behaviors in single 10-μm scale fibers using a micro-scale Hopkinson bar method","authors":"Liang Ma , Lingxin Hu , Haoxiang Wang , Yichao Yuan , Jian Wei , Xiaoxin Zhao , Kunkun Zeng , Yuze Zhao , Zhiyin Zhao , Jiagui Liu , Shizhao Chen , Jinling Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-performance fiber fabrics and composites experienced transverse compression deformation at ultrahigh strain rates near the impact point when subjected to high-velocity impacts, which significantly affected their ballistic limits. In this paper, a fiber-scale experimental method for characterizing ultrahigh strain-rate transverse compression behavior was proposed. To begin with, in order to measure the extremely low stress and strain in small specimens, the conventional Hopkinson bar was reduced to the hundred-micron scale, thereby achieving wave impedance matching with single fibers. In addition, tangential and normal laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) methods were employed to realize non-contact, high-precision, and high-speed axial velocity measurements of micron-scale incident and transmission bars, respectively. Meanwhile, a microscopic observation system was used to facilitate the installation of miniature fiber samples. The experimental setup and procedures were introduced, and the system accuracy was verified through sample-free loading tests based on one-dimensional stress wave propagation theory. Dynamic compression experiments on Graphene-UHMWPE fibers were carried out, followed by post-compression microstructural characterization via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results demonstrated that successful mechanical characterization was achieved at strain rates exceeding 10<sup>5</sup>, an order of magnitude higher than the previously reported maximum rates. Furthermore, during the loading process, the fibers underwent uniform compression deformation while exhibiting pronounced strain-rate effects. This method offers a novel approach for dynamic mechanical characterization of microscale single fibers, enabling the development of comprehensive strain-rate-dependent material models to guide the design of advanced composites and high-performance fibers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 270-281"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Autonomous dispatch trajectory planning of carrier-based vehicles: An iterative safe dispatch corridor framework 舰载车辆自主调度轨迹规划：迭代安全调度通道框架

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.006

Keyan Li , Xin Li , Yu Wu , Zhilong Deng , Yan Wang , Yishuo Meng , Bai Li , Xichao Su , Lei Wang , Xinwei Wang

As carrier aircraft sortie frequency and flight deck operational density increase, autonomous dispatch trajectory planning for carrier-based vehicles demands efficient, safe, and kinematically feasible solutions. This paper presents an Iterative Safe Dispatch Corridor (iSDC) framework, addressing the suboptimality of the traditional SDC method caused by static corridor construction and redundant obstacle exploration. First, a Kinodynamic-Informed-Bidirectional Rapidly-exploring Random Tree Star (KIB-RRT∗) algorithm is proposed for the front-end coarse planning. By integrating bidirectional tree expansion, goal-biased elliptical sampling, and artificial potential field guidance, it reduces unnecessary exploration near concave obstacles and generates kinematically admissible paths. Secondly, the traditional SDC is implemented in an iterative manner, and the obtained trajectory in the current iteration is fed into the next iteration for corridor generation, thus progressively improving the quality of within-corridor constraints. For tractors, a reverse-motion penalty function is incorporated into the back-end optimizer to prioritize forward driving, aligning with mechanical constraints and human operational preferences. Numerical validations on the data of Gerald R. Ford-class carrier demonstrate that the KIB-RRT∗ reduces average computational time by 75% and expansion nodes by 25% compared to conventional RRT∗ algorithms. Meanwhile, the iSDC framework yields more time-efficient trajectories for both carrier aircraft and tractors, with the dispatch time reduced by 31.3% and tractor reverse motion proportion decreased by 23.4% relative to traditional SDC. The presented framework offers a scalable solution for autonomous dispatch in confined and safety-critical environment, and an illustrative animation is available at bilibili.com/video/BV1tZ7Zz6Eyz. Moreover, the framework can be easily extended to three-dimension scenarios, and thus applicable for trajectory planning of aerial and underwater vehicles.

随着舰载机出动频率和飞行甲板操作密度的增加，舰载机自主调度轨迹规划需要高效、安全、运动学可行的解决方案。本文提出了一种迭代安全调度走廊（iSDC）框架，解决了传统SDC方法由于静态走廊建设和冗余障碍物探测而导致的次优性问题。首先，提出了一种动态知情双向快速探索随机树星（KIB-RRT *）算法用于前端粗规划。通过将双向树展开、目标偏置椭圆采样和人工势场引导相结合，减少了在凹障碍物附近不必要的探索，生成了运动上可接受的路径。其次，传统的SDC以迭代的方式实现，将当前迭代中获得的轨迹输入到下一次迭代中进行廊道生成，从而逐步提高了廊道内约束的质量。对于拖拉机，后端优化器中加入了反向运动惩罚功能，以优先考虑向前驾驶，使机械约束和人类操作偏好保持一致。对Gerald R. ford级航母数据的数值验证表明，与传统的RRT∗算法相比，KIB-RRT∗算法平均计算时间减少75%，扩展节点减少25%。与此同时，iSDC框架为舰载机和牵引车提供了更省时的轨迹，与传统的SDC相比，调度时间减少了31.3%，牵引车反向运动比例减少了23.4%。所提出的框架为密闭和安全关键环境中的自主调度提供了可扩展的解决方案，并且可以在bilibili.com/video/BV1tZ7Zz6Eyz上获得说明性动画。此外，该框架可以很容易地扩展到三维场景，因此适用于空中和水下航行器的轨迹规划。

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引用次数: 0