Conifer samara structure diverges across the height of the tree crown

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI:10.30843/nzpp.2024.77.11779
Thomas F. Carlin, Andrew J. Vautrin, Thomas Paul, Carol A. Rolando, Sam J. Davidson, Matthew B. Scott
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Abstract

Samara morphology, including weight, size, and wing-to-seed ratios, is an important precursor to seed dispersal, and therefore a primary driver in large-scale alien conifer invasions. Prior studies have not reported morphological differences between samaras of different cones within a tree possibly because cone position at differing crown heights has not been examined. This preliminary study investigated whether cones from different crown heights of three lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas) trees differ in the morphological characteristics of their samaras. Samaras from the lower tree crown were 17% heavier on average than those from the upper crown, without any significant differences in wing loading. Cones in the upper crown produced more seeds than in the lower crown, although this was inconsistent across the small sample size. These results suggest the effects on primary seed-dispersal are negligible, but further research is needed to determine the effect on secondary seed-dispersal. Larger seeds from the lower crown are better adapted to survive in a competitive environment near other trees, while cones in the upper crown may produce more, but smaller, seeds which could infer a bet-hedging strategy when dispersing into heterogeneous environments. These results suggest canopy-height should be considered when accounting for inter-cone variation in conifers.
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针叶树的翅果结构随树冠高度而变化
翅果的形态,包括重量、大小和翅果与种子的比例,是种子传播的重要先决条件,因此也是大规模外来针叶树入侵的主要驱动因素。以前的研究没有报告过一棵树内不同球果的翅果之间的形态差异,这可能是因为没有研究过不同树冠高度的球果位置。本初步研究调查了三棵落羽松(Pinus contorta Douglas)不同树冠高度的球果在翅果形态特征上是否存在差异。树冠下部的翅果平均比树冠上部的翅果重 17%,但翅果负荷没有显著差异。树冠上部的圆锥花序比树冠下部的圆锥花序结出更多的种子,但在样本量较小的情况下,这种情况并不一致。这些结果表明,对原生种子散播的影响可以忽略不计,但要确定对次生种子散播的影响,还需要进一步研究。树冠下部的大粒种子更适合在靠近其他树木的竞争环境中生存,而树冠上部的球果可能会产生更多但更小的种子,这可以推断出在散播到异质环境中时的押注策略。这些结果表明,在考虑针叶树的球果间差异时,应考虑树冠高度。
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来源期刊
New Zealand Plant Protection
New Zealand Plant Protection Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Insect Science
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
8
期刊介绍: New Zealand Plant Protection is the journal of the New Zealand Plant Protection Society. It publishes original research papers on all aspects of biology, ecology and control of weeds, vertebrate and invertebrate pests, and pathogens and beneficial micro-organisms in agriculture, horticulture, forestry and natural ecosystems of relevance to New Zealand.
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