Analytical modelling of water droplet behavior at the gas channel corner for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Diankai Qiu, Zhutian Xu, H. Shao, Linfa Peng
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Abstract

Water management is of significant importance to achieving high performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In recent years, droplets emerged from the rib surface and accumulated at the channel corner have been found to be a crucial part of water flooding. In this study, an analytical model is first proposed to quantitatively estimate the variation in the morphology and dynamic behavior of growing droplets with consideration of the channel sidewall interaction. In order to predict the water geometry, the flow channel with compressed gas diffusion layer (GDL) is described mathematically, and water behavior at steady state and dynamic state are both evaluated through the geometric and force analysis. The model results indicate that the droplet profile transforms from concave to convex when its size grows, in which process contact angles and channel shape play an important role. Compared with the graphite channel, the droplet in the metallic channel is more inclined to be adsorbed on the sidewall and GDL, resulting in a higher adhesion force and a lower gas shear force. The critical gas velocities for the detachment of various droplets are quantitatively predicted to avoid water flooding. The model is helpful to understand the droplet behavior in the presence of channel sidewall interaction.
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质子交换膜燃料电池气体通道拐角处水滴行为的分析建模
水管理对于质子交换膜燃料电池实现高性能具有重要意义。近年来,人们发现从肋片表面冒出并在通道拐角处积聚的水滴是水淹没的关键部分。在本研究中,首先提出了一个分析模型,在考虑通道侧壁相互作用的情况下,定量估算生长液滴的形态变化和动态行为。为了预测水的几何形状,对带有压缩气体扩散层(GDL)的流道进行了数学描述,并通过几何和力分析评估了水在稳态和动态状态下的行为。模型结果表明,当水滴体积增大时,水滴轮廓会由凹变凸,其中过程接触角和通道形状起着重要作用。与石墨通道相比,金属通道中的液滴更倾向于吸附在侧壁和 GDL 上,因此粘附力更大,气体剪切力更小。该模型定量预测了各种液滴脱离时的临界气体速度,以避免水淹没。该模型有助于理解存在通道侧壁相互作用时的液滴行为。
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