Reaction of Brazilian genotypes of pulses (pea, chickpea and lentil) to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii

Abstract

The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii, is an important pathogen of numerous crops, including the so-called pulses. Hence, it is necessary to identify genetic resistance, as it is the most efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally sound way to manage nematodes in the field. The objective of this study was to screen a Brazilian germplasm collection of pulse crops (peas, chickpeas, and lentils) comprising accessions from the Embrapa Germplasm Bank and commercial cultivars against M. enterolobii under glasshouse conditions. The experiment was conducted with 23 treatments (genotypes), i.e., 14 pea, six chickpea and one lentil genotype, and two tomato cultivars, ‘Rutgers’ (susceptible) and ‘Nemadoro’ (resistant). Each plant (replication) was inoculated with 5000 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. enterolobii and evaluated 65 days after inoculation, considering the following variables: gall index, egg mass index, number of eggs per g of roots, and reproduction factor. The experiments were conducted at two independent time points (summer and autumn/winter). Results showed that all 23 plant genotypes were susceptible to the nematode, with pea genotype ‘Itapuã’ being intolerant to infection. Cultivation of pulse crops has been steadily increasing both in Brazil and worldwide. Our research findings make a valuable contribution to the ongoing efforts to identify genetic resistance to nematode pathogens that can significantly affect the productivity of these crops. By identifying and developing resistant genotypes, pulse crop yields can be safeguarded, and sustainable agricultural practices can be supported.