Comparative Economics of Main Season and Spring Rice Production in Kanchanpur District, Nepal

Ritu Bhatt, R. K. Adhikari, Reshma Karki, Shiksha Khanal, Sachita Rajbhandari
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Abstract

Rice is the major staple food crop in Nepal which has been growing in two different seasons mainly June/July – October/November as main season rice (MSR) whereas during February/March – June/July as spring rice (SR). A comparative economic analysis of MSR and SR production in Kanchanpur district Nepal was conducted during March to July 2023. A total of 120 rice-growing farmers including 60 MSR and 60 SR growers were randomly selected from the available grower list to collect primary information by using pre-tested interview schedules. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and the Cobb-Douglas production function were employed for the data analysis. The study finding revealed that the average landholding of MSR growers was 0.65 ha/hh, whereas the same for SR growers, was 0.55 ha/hh. The average area for MSR and SR were at 0.53 ha and 0.29 ha, respectively. The average productivity of the SR (3.69 t/ha) in the study area was found to be significantly higher than the MSR (4.61 t/ha). Despite the higher cost of production for SR (Rs. 80309.95/ha) than MSR (Rs. 75048.45/ha), the Benefit-Cost ratio for SR was found to be higher (1.61) than that of MSR (1.38). The analysis of coefficients indicated a decreasing for main season rice and increasing return to scale for spring rice, with sums of coefficients measuring 0.74 and 1.24 respectively. This implies that a 100% increase in expenditure on the variables outlined in the model for MSR and SR led to a 74% and 95% increase in the gross return of rice production. These results underscore the potential advantages of promoting improved seed varieties and adopting commercial farming practices in the spring rice cultivation area. The findings indicated the need to replace manual labor with machinery to reduce costs and increase rice cultivation profits.
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尼泊尔 Kanchanpur 县主季稻和春稻生产的经济学比较
水稻是尼泊尔的主要粮食作物,在两个不同的季节种植,主要是 6 月/7 月至 10 月/11 月的主季水稻(MSR)和 2 月/3 月至 6 月/7 月的春稻(SR)。2023 年 3 月至 7 月期间,对尼泊尔 Kanchanpur 县的 MSR 和 SR 生产进行了经济比较分析。从现有的种植者名单中随机抽取了 120 位水稻种植农户,包括 60 位 MSR 种植者和 60 位 SR 种植者,使用预先测试过的访谈表收集原始信息。数据分析采用了描述性统计、独立样本 t 检验和柯布-道格拉斯生产函数。研究结果显示,MSR 种植者的平均土地占有量为 0.65 公顷/小时,而 SR 种植者的平均土地占有量为 0.55 公顷/小时。MSR 和 SR 的平均面积分别为 0.53 公顷和 0.29 公顷。研究发现,SR 的平均生产率(3.69 吨/公顷)明显高于 MSR(4.61 吨/公顷)。尽管 SR 的生产成本(80309.95 卢比/公顷)高于 MSR(75048.45 卢比/公顷),但发现 SR 的效益成本比(1.61)高于 MSR(1.38)。系数分析表明,主季水稻的规模收益递减,春稻的规模收益递增,系数总和分别为 0.74 和 1.24。这意味着,在主季水稻和春稻模型中列出的变量上增加 100%的支出,可使水稻生产的总收益分别增加 74% 和 95%。这些结果凸显了在春稻种植区推广改良种子品种和采用商业化耕作方法的潜在优势。研究结果表明,有必要用机械代替人工,以降低成本,提高水稻种植利润。
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