Values Education: An Educational Approach to Train Students in the 1st Cycle of Portuguese Basic Education for Citizenship

Ernesto Martins
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Abstract

Education in values develops in the family, in schools and in society in general, through human coexistence and interpersonal relationships. The cementing of this education is necessary today to overcome many problems, conflicts and inhumane situations. Values are statements and/or principles that each human being internalizes and converts into valued actions and everyday experiences (Ballester & Calvo, 2007, p. 34-39). The transmission of a set of essential values to the current society characterizes the mutual relationship between adult-child/youth in training, covering up, disguising and reinforcing existing egocentrism (Andrade, 1997). The problem of education for values constitutes a transversal theme across the curricular areas of the 1st Cycle of Basic Education (1st CEB). According to Zabalza (2000, p. 21): “the theme of values was and will be a key theme in any process of action and reflection on people and their actions”. Educating for values in students' compulsory education is contributing to their formation as people and citizens (Ortega & Mínguez, 2003). The purposes of this education are to encourage students to develop daily the application of values in coexistence and the construction of peace, solidarity and tolerance. It is also important for 1st CEB teachers to develop teaching strategies to promote values in students, in any learning context; for the formation of future citizens in a democratic society.
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价值观教育:培养葡萄牙公民基础教育第一阶段学生的教育方法
价值观教育通过人类共处和人际关系在家庭、学校和整个社会中发展。今天,要克服许多问题、冲突和不人道的情况,就必须巩固这种教育。价值观是每个人内化并转化为有价值的行动和日常经验的声明和/或原则(Ballester & Calvo, 2007, p.34-39)。将一套基本价值观传授给当前社会,是成人-儿童-青少年在培训、掩盖、掩饰和强化现有自我中心主义过程中相互关系的特点(Andrade,1997 年)。价值观教育问题是基础教育第一周期(1st CEB)各课程领域的横向主题。根据 Zabalza(2000 年,第 21 页)的说法:"价值观主题过去和将来都是对人及其行为进行行动和反思的关键主题"。在义务教育阶段对学生进行价值观教育,有助于他们成为人和公民(Ortega & Mínguez, 2003)。这种教育的目的是鼓励学生在日常学习中应用共存价值观,建设和平、团结和宽容。同样重要的是,第一期 CEB 的教师要制定教学策略,在任何学习环境中促进学生的价值 观;培养民主社会中的未来公民。
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