IMPLEMENTATION OF PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE FSBSI INSTITUTE «MAGARACH» OF THE RAS IN THE FIELD OF VITICULTURE IN 2023

Abstract

Research is presented that contributes to an increase in the production of domestic grape and wine products, including in the system of organic farming. The object of research is grapes of native, classical and breeding varieties. The research was carried out on the basis of the Center for collective use of the Ampelographic collection «Magarach», as well as in industrial plantations of the Crimea according to generally accepted and original methods. Characteristics of 50 varieties for the database, 4 sources of valuable traits were obtained, genotyping of wild grapes was performed, 99 allele variants were identified. Optimal concentrations of substances for the development of proembryogenic calluses and cells in suspension cultures were selected. The influence of biologically active substances on the development of heart shaped and torpedo shaped embryos has been established. The obtained 6 transgenic lines of the Podarok Magaracha variety were adapted to in vivo conditions to assess their cold resistance and frost resistance. In the vegetative collection of plants in vitro, samples are maintained under conditions of active and slow growth. An aseptic culture of 14 grape varieties was obtained. The molecular diagnosis of the latent form of phytopathogens of plant material after the recovery procedures was carried out. The biovar Agrobacterium tumefaciens was identified by the method of molecular diagnostics. During molecular diagnostics, the Rupestris stem pitting virus was detected in the samples. New knowledge has been gained about the dynamics of changes in the quality indicators of grapes depending on the variety and region of cultivation against the background of a complex of agro-climatic parameters and indices used to isolate terroirs. Varietal-rootstock combinations have been identified. The formation of datasets has continued in order to train neural networks for the detection of harmful organisms and pathologies of the development of grape plants. The technology of organic viticulture production for autochthonous varieties and varieties of the Magarach Institute breeding has been tested. The technology of storing table grapes based on the use of calcium-containing preparations has been optimized. For the first time, an information technology of cross-platform integration has been developed for the implemented hardware and software complex for photo-fixation and neural network detection of the number of pests in specialized «traps».