Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-262-278
E. Blagorodova, Anastasia Aleksandrovna Lysenko
Calendula officinalis L. is one of the most common pharmaceutical crops cultivated not only in the Krasnodar region, but also in the south of the Russian Federation as a whole. In addition to its medicinal qualities, a high content of essential oils, as well as phenols and flavonoids, the crop is an excellent alternative to annual floral and ornamental plants in landscaping. In this regard, the purpose of the research was to evaluate seven varieties of Calendula officinalis L. in terms of duration,intensity and timing of the beginning of flowering, the activity of growth processes, size, color, inflorescence structure and the identification of the most adapted to growing conditions varieties that have high decorative qualities. Proposals were made on the directions of using the studied varieties in ornamental gardening and landscaping of the territory. The studies were carried out in 2022-2023 at the experimental site of private household plots in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. As a result of the research, it was found that the studied varieties of calendula had significant differences in a number of morpho-biometric indicators, but turned out to be highly adapted to the growing conditions in the south of the Russian Federation. According to the combination of ornamental qualities, three varieties of calendula officinalis were identified for cultivation in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. The Tutti-Frutti yellow variety is recommended for planting in flower beds due to the bright flowers of the inflorescence and the low growth of the plants. It is advisable to use the Geisha variety for the design of plots in landscape design and for cutting flowers. In garden and park landscaping, attention should be paid to the King's Cup variety, which stands out for a complex of decorative qualities and a long flowering period. Key words: CALENDULA, LANDSCAPING, ASSORTMENT, PHENOLOGY, GROWTH, FLOWERING, ORNAMENTAL TRAITS
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE CALENDULA OFFICINALIS L. ASSORTMENT AS A CROP FOR LANDSCAPING","authors":"E. Blagorodova, Anastasia Aleksandrovna Lysenko","doi":"10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-262-278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-262-278","url":null,"abstract":"Calendula officinalis L. is one of the most common pharmaceutical crops cultivated not only in the Krasnodar region, but also in the south of the Russian Federation as a whole. In addition to its medicinal qualities, a high content of essential oils, as well as phenols and flavonoids, the crop is an excellent alternative to annual floral and ornamental plants in landscaping. In this regard, the purpose of the research was to evaluate seven varieties of Calendula officinalis L. in terms of duration,intensity and timing of the beginning of flowering, the activity of growth processes, size, color, inflorescence structure and the identification of the most adapted to growing conditions varieties that have high decorative qualities. Proposals were made on the directions of using the studied varieties in ornamental gardening and landscaping of the territory. The studies were carried out in 2022-2023 at the experimental site of private household plots in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. As a result of the research, it was found that the studied varieties of calendula had significant differences in a number of morpho-biometric indicators, but turned out to be highly adapted to the growing conditions in the south of the Russian Federation. According to the combination of ornamental qualities, three varieties of calendula officinalis were identified for cultivation in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. The Tutti-Frutti yellow variety is recommended for planting in flower beds due to the bright flowers of the inflorescence and the low growth of the plants. It is advisable to use the Geisha variety for the design of plots in landscape design and for cutting flowers. In garden and park landscaping, attention should be paid to the King's Cup variety, which stands out for a complex of decorative qualities and a long flowering period. Key words: CALENDULA, LANDSCAPING, ASSORTMENT, PHENOLOGY, GROWTH, FLOWERING, ORNAMENTAL TRAITS","PeriodicalId":504482,"journal":{"name":"Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-16-43
V. Petrov, G. Aleynikova, O. Seget, A. Marmorshtein, Dmitry Eduardovich Russo, M. A. Sundyreva, Galina Konstantinovna Kiseleva, R. Kazakhmedov, Vitalij Aleksandrovich Orlov
The article presents the results of agrobiological and physiological-biochemical studies to ensure the stability of grape plantations in unstable weather conditions and anthropogenic intensification of production. Studies in the agroecological conditions of the Krasnodar region on the southern chernozems revealed the most productive norm of loading of grape bushes with shoots for the technical varieties Kurchanskiy, Dmitriy, Vladimir, Granatovyi, Antaris and Alkor, on leached chernozems – for the table seedless variety Centennial Seedless. According to the results of electrophoretic separation of peroxidases in polyacrylamide gel and an increased content of ascorbic acid, increased frost resistance was established in the varieties Kristall, Vostorg, Krasnostop AZOS. The Vostorg and Zarif varieties proved to be more adaptive to the stresses of the summer period in terms of leaf hydration, bound water content, the ratio of chlorophylls and carotenoids, the amount of proline and water-soluble sugars, membrane permeability. The role of physiologically active substances in increasing the adaptive potential of grape plants has been established. The treatment of Merlot vines with methyl jasmonate and epibrassinolide during deep dormancy period, as well as proline, salicylic acid and epibrassinolide during induced dormancy period had a positive effect on the condition of the vine: there was a decrease in electrolyte yield. Sustainable grape cultivation is achieved with the systemic use of the «Bioconcentrate-Z» effluent by the non-root method. Against the background of nonroot treatments of Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon varieties, a higher level of plant water supply, an increase in potassium content, green pigments, organic acids and grape yields were established. Physiologically active compounds and the preparation Turinbash have a positive effect in intensive own-root plantations of native and promising introduced grape varieties against the background of phylloxera infection in the southern part of Dagestan. The created yield forecasting method based on the NDVI of the grape plant and the actual data of multispectral images of the phenophases of flowering and growth allows to increase the accuracy of the calculated yield capacity to the actual one with a deviation from 0 to 0.8 kg per bush, the accuracy of the forecast increases by 2 times by the end of the growth phase and by the beginning of the maturation phase. Key words: GRAPES, METHODS, MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABILITY, PRODUCTIVITY, QUALITY, FORECASTING
{"title":"METHODOLOGY OF MANAGEMENT OF AGROBIOLOGICAL, ADAPTIVE AND PRODUCTIVE STABILITY OF GRAPE PLANTATIONS IN UNSTABLE WEATHER CONDITIONS AND TECHNOGENIC INTENSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION","authors":"V. Petrov, G. Aleynikova, O. Seget, A. Marmorshtein, Dmitry Eduardovich Russo, M. A. Sundyreva, Galina Konstantinovna Kiseleva, R. Kazakhmedov, Vitalij Aleksandrovich Orlov","doi":"10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-16-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-16-43","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of agrobiological and physiological-biochemical studies to ensure the stability of grape plantations in unstable weather conditions and anthropogenic intensification of production. Studies in the agroecological conditions of the Krasnodar region on the southern chernozems revealed the most productive norm of loading of grape bushes with shoots for the technical varieties Kurchanskiy, Dmitriy, Vladimir, Granatovyi, Antaris and Alkor, on leached chernozems – for the table seedless variety Centennial Seedless. According to the results of electrophoretic separation of peroxidases in polyacrylamide gel and an increased content of ascorbic acid, increased frost resistance was established in the varieties Kristall, Vostorg, Krasnostop AZOS. The Vostorg and Zarif varieties proved to be more adaptive to the stresses of the summer period in terms of leaf hydration, bound water content, the ratio of chlorophylls and carotenoids, the amount of proline and water-soluble sugars, membrane permeability. The role of physiologically active substances in increasing the adaptive potential of grape plants has been established. The treatment of Merlot vines with methyl jasmonate and epibrassinolide during deep dormancy period, as well as proline, salicylic acid and epibrassinolide during induced dormancy period had a positive effect on the condition of the vine: there was a decrease in electrolyte yield. Sustainable grape cultivation is achieved with the systemic use of the «Bioconcentrate-Z» effluent by the non-root method. Against the background of nonroot treatments of Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon varieties, a higher level of plant water supply, an increase in potassium content, green pigments, organic acids and grape yields were established. Physiologically active compounds and the preparation Turinbash have a positive effect in intensive own-root plantations of native and promising introduced grape varieties against the background of phylloxera infection in the southern part of Dagestan. The created yield forecasting method based on the NDVI of the grape plant and the actual data of multispectral images of the phenophases of flowering and growth allows to increase the accuracy of the calculated yield capacity to the actual one with a deviation from 0 to 0.8 kg per bush, the accuracy of the forecast increases by 2 times by the end of the growth phase and by the beginning of the maturation phase. Key words: GRAPES, METHODS, MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABILITY, PRODUCTIVITY, QUALITY, FORECASTING","PeriodicalId":504482,"journal":{"name":"Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As known, tomatoes contain a fairly large amount of biologically valuable substances in their composition. Consumers prefer tomatoes in fresh form. However, being a climacteric crop, tomatoes differ during storage and maturation by a high rate of respiration and evaporation of moisture, which leads to a decrease in valuable nutrients, deterioration in quality, over-ripening and rapid aging, which as a result reduces the marketable appearance of products. Traditional methods of processing tomatoes before storage are not always effective enough to maintain the quality of tomato fruits at the proper level, since it is not always possible to store tomatoes at the recommended low temperature, the necessary relative humidity, etc. In order to increase the storage time of tomatoes while maintaining their quality and safety, it is necessary to search for new modern methods of fruit processing before storage. In this regard, an overview of existing traditional technologies, as well as modern and promising techniques and methods for preparing fresh tomatoes for storage, contributing to the reduction of quantitative losses, preserving qualitative characteristics, is carried out. The most promising methods of preliminary preparation of tomatoes for storage, providing a high level of physical-chemical, organoleptic and microbiological indicators that ensure the safety of stored products are: treatment with ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors and ethylene absorbers, ozonation, modified gas atmosphere, electric field and ultrasound treatment, the use of biological products, the use of active packaging, antimicrobial film-forming coatings, etc. The article describes the work of both domestic and foreign researchers. Keywords: FRESH TOMATOES, PROCESSING, STORAGE TECHNOLOGY, QUALITY
{"title":"TOMATO STORAGE – TRADITIONAL AND PROMISING TECHNOLOGIES","authors":"Tatyana Viktorovna Pershakova, Tatyana Viktorovna Yakovleva, Yulia Nikolaevna Chernyavskaya","doi":"10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-163-187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-163-187","url":null,"abstract":"As known, tomatoes contain a fairly large amount of biologically valuable substances in their composition. Consumers prefer tomatoes in fresh form. However, being a climacteric crop, tomatoes differ during storage and maturation by a high rate of respiration and evaporation of moisture, which leads to a decrease in valuable nutrients, deterioration in quality, over-ripening and rapid aging, which as a result reduces the marketable appearance of products. Traditional methods of processing tomatoes before storage are not always effective enough to maintain the quality of tomato fruits at the proper level, since it is not always possible to store tomatoes at the recommended low temperature, the necessary relative humidity, etc. In order to increase the storage time of tomatoes while maintaining their quality and safety, it is necessary to search for new modern methods of fruit processing before storage. In this regard, an overview of existing traditional technologies, as well as modern and promising techniques and methods for preparing fresh tomatoes for storage, contributing to the reduction of quantitative losses, preserving qualitative characteristics, is carried out. The most promising methods of preliminary preparation of tomatoes for storage, providing a high level of physical-chemical, organoleptic and microbiological indicators that ensure the safety of stored products are: treatment with ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors and ethylene absorbers, ozonation, modified gas atmosphere, electric field and ultrasound treatment, the use of biological products, the use of active packaging, antimicrobial film-forming coatings, etc. The article describes the work of both domestic and foreign researchers. Keywords: FRESH TOMATOES, PROCESSING, STORAGE TECHNOLOGY, QUALITY","PeriodicalId":504482,"journal":{"name":"Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the results of studying the enocarpological characteristics of bunches and berries of local and introduced table and wine grape varieties cultivated in the Absheron region. In the course of the studies, it was found that indicators such as bunch weight, stem weight, skin and pulp residue, juice yield, and the amount of solid residue varied over a wide range depending on the grape variety; in particular, large, medium and small bunches were observed. During the research, it was found that such table and technical grape varieties as Tuya-tish, wild form 2, Alphonse Lavallee, Nagshebi, Digah kechimemesi, Gyozel uzum, Ganjavi, Digah gorasy, Ag Kharji, Uzun salkhym, according to enocarpological indicators (bunch weight, stem weight, skin and pulp residue, juice yield, percentage of seeds in the berry, weight of 100 seeds, solid residue) were noticeably different from other varieties. In the studied table grape varieties, the enocarpological parameters varied over wide ranges, the average weight of the bunch was 210.0-974.0 g, the weight of the stem concerning the total weight of the bunch was 0.7-9.6%, the residue of the skin and pulp was 18.0-40.0 %, juice yield – 51.0-72.7 %, seeds – 2.4-10.8 %, amount of solid residue – 27.3-49 %, and weight of 100 seeds – 2.7-14.0 g. In wine grape varieties, these indicators differed from table varieties. They were estimated as follows: bunch weight 178.7-548.0 g, stem weight concerning the total weight of the bunch – 1.8-6.5 %, the skin and pulp residue – 14.7-31.6 %, juice yield – 64.1-76.2 %, seeds – 2.7-7.4 %, amount of solid residue – 23.8-43.0 %. The highest weight of the bunch, stem, remaining skin and pulp, number of seeds, weight of 100 seeds, and the lowest juice yield were noted in table varieties; for wine grape varieties, this ratio was the opposite. Key words: GRAPE VARIETIES, LOCAL VARIETIES, ENOCARPOLOGICAL INDICATORS, BUNCH, BERRIES
{"title":"ENOCARPOLOGICAL STUDY OF BUNCHES AND BERRIES OF SOME ABORIGINAL AND INTRODUCED TABLE AND WINE GRAPE VARIETIES GROWN IN ABSHERON CONDITIONS","authors":"Umida Khosrovovna Majnunlu, Leyla Ruslanovna Eyyubova, Vugar Suleymanovich Salimov","doi":"10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-71-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-71-83","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of studying the enocarpological characteristics of bunches and berries of local and introduced table and wine grape varieties cultivated in the Absheron region. In the course of the studies, it was found that indicators such as bunch weight, stem weight, skin and pulp residue, juice yield, and the amount of solid residue varied over a wide range depending on the grape variety; in particular, large, medium and small bunches were observed. During the research, it was found that such table and technical grape varieties as Tuya-tish, wild form 2, Alphonse Lavallee, Nagshebi, Digah kechimemesi, Gyozel uzum, Ganjavi, Digah gorasy, Ag Kharji, Uzun salkhym, according to enocarpological indicators (bunch weight, stem weight, skin and pulp residue, juice yield, percentage of seeds in the berry, weight of 100 seeds, solid residue) were noticeably different from other varieties. In the studied table grape varieties, the enocarpological parameters varied over wide ranges, the average weight of the bunch was 210.0-974.0 g, the weight of the stem concerning the total weight of the bunch was 0.7-9.6%, the residue of the skin and pulp was 18.0-40.0 %, juice yield – 51.0-72.7 %, seeds – 2.4-10.8 %, amount of solid residue – 27.3-49 %, and weight of 100 seeds – 2.7-14.0 g. In wine grape varieties, these indicators differed from table varieties. They were estimated as follows: bunch weight 178.7-548.0 g, stem weight concerning the total weight of the bunch – 1.8-6.5 %, the skin and pulp residue – 14.7-31.6 %, juice yield – 64.1-76.2 %, seeds – 2.7-7.4 %, amount of solid residue – 23.8-43.0 %. The highest weight of the bunch, stem, remaining skin and pulp, number of seeds, weight of 100 seeds, and the lowest juice yield were noted in table varieties; for wine grape varieties, this ratio was the opposite. Key words: GRAPE VARIETIES, LOCAL VARIETIES, ENOCARPOLOGICAL INDICATORS, BUNCH, BERRIES","PeriodicalId":504482,"journal":{"name":"Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-126-149
Valentina Petrovna Popova
The results of 2023 research on the development of methods for managing the stability of fruit agrocenoses with rational land use are presented. The objects of research are orchard agrobiocenoses under various cultivation conditions. The work used methodological approaches and original techniques developed by the research team. Methods and elements of technologies for increasing the resistance of fruit agrocenoses to a complex of factors with biologized approaches for controlling the development of pathogens and pests, rational formation of the crowns of fruit crops of domestic varieties against the background of the application of biostimulants, techniques for rationing high-quality fruit yield, optimized approaches for optimizing plant nutrition and reproducing soil fertility in biocenotic and molecular levels were developed. The obtained results of scientific research of a fundamental and applied nature are associated with the identification of patterns and disclosure of mechanisms for the formation of the productivity of fruit crops in changing cultivation conditions and create a methodological basis for the development of new elements of technologies for managing the productivity of orchard cenoses, systems for monitoring the resource potential of soils to provide the population with quality products while preserving the environment. New knowledge about the patterns of influence of rootstock genotype on the realization of the production potential of various scion-rootstock combinations of the genus Malus Mill. under conditions of different planting densities, will allow, through the use of the most productive scion-rootstock combinations, to significantly increase the productivity of plantings, make the most efficient use of the garden area, and significantly accelerate the onset of marketable fruiting. New knowledge about the patterns of influence of certain limiting parameters of the soil cover on the condition and productivity of scion-rootstock combinations of fruit crops will be used to develop optimal parameters for assessing the horticultural suitability of soils. The identified features of frost resistance of various pear varieties in terms of the degree of stability of their flower buds under changing weather conditions in different phases of the winter-spring period are the basis for optimizing the placement of pear crops in the North Caucasus zone. Key words: ORCHARD CENOSES, ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS, CHANGES IN WEATHER CONDITIONS, TRANSFORMATION OF SOIL PARAMETERS, SCION-ROOTSTOCK COMBINATIONS, DOMESTIC APPLE VARIETIES, FROST RESISTANCE OF PEAR VARIETIES, NUTRITION OPTIMIZATION, PATHOGENS AND PEST CONTROL
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR MANAGING THE STABILITY OF FRUIT CENOSES USING PROMISING BIOLOGIZED METHODS","authors":"Valentina Petrovna Popova","doi":"10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-126-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-126-149","url":null,"abstract":"The results of 2023 research on the development of methods for managing the stability of fruit agrocenoses with rational land use are presented. The objects of research are orchard agrobiocenoses under various cultivation conditions. The work used methodological approaches and original techniques developed by the research team. Methods and elements of technologies for increasing the resistance of fruit agrocenoses to a complex of factors with biologized approaches for controlling the development of pathogens and pests, rational formation of the crowns of fruit crops of domestic varieties against the background of the application of biostimulants, techniques for rationing high-quality fruit yield, optimized approaches for optimizing plant nutrition and reproducing soil fertility in biocenotic and molecular levels were developed. The obtained results of scientific research of a fundamental and applied nature are associated with the identification of patterns and disclosure of mechanisms for the formation of the productivity of fruit crops in changing cultivation conditions and create a methodological basis for the development of new elements of technologies for managing the productivity of orchard cenoses, systems for monitoring the resource potential of soils to provide the population with quality products while preserving the environment. New knowledge about the patterns of influence of rootstock genotype on the realization of the production potential of various scion-rootstock combinations of the genus Malus Mill. under conditions of different planting densities, will allow, through the use of the most productive scion-rootstock combinations, to significantly increase the productivity of plantings, make the most efficient use of the garden area, and significantly accelerate the onset of marketable fruiting. New knowledge about the patterns of influence of certain limiting parameters of the soil cover on the condition and productivity of scion-rootstock combinations of fruit crops will be used to develop optimal parameters for assessing the horticultural suitability of soils. The identified features of frost resistance of various pear varieties in terms of the degree of stability of their flower buds under changing weather conditions in different phases of the winter-spring period are the basis for optimizing the placement of pear crops in the North Caucasus zone. Key words: ORCHARD CENOSES, ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS, CHANGES IN WEATHER CONDITIONS, TRANSFORMATION OF SOIL PARAMETERS, SCION-ROOTSTOCK COMBINATIONS, DOMESTIC APPLE VARIETIES, FROST RESISTANCE OF PEAR VARIETIES, NUTRITION OPTIMIZATION, PATHOGENS AND PEST CONTROL","PeriodicalId":504482,"journal":{"name":"Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140373278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-150-162
M.I. Murzina
The publication presents the results of studies to determine the population size of grape thrips Drepanothrips reuteri Uzel and the extent of distribution of on the Don under different meteorological conditions. The studies were carried out in 2021 and 2022 in the conditions of two agrocenoses of Novocherkassk and Nizhnekundryuchensky Branches of the experimental field of the All-Russian Research Ya. I. Potapenko Institute for Viticulture and Winemaking. The subject of the study was the dynamics of the prevalence and harmfulness of grape thrips on the technical grape varieties Tsvetochnyi and Cabernet severnyi, in an uncovered culture. In the context of the widespread distribution of sugescent pests of grapes, the issue of protecting production plantings and improved basic plantings of the mother plant from them is acute, using the method of monitoring studies to signal the population size using flower traps. Therefore, the study of the development features of grape thrips, both in the conditions of the mother plant of basic plants and fruit-bearing vineyards and their influence on the economically valuable traits of grapes, is relevant. Grape thrips is a relatively new species for grape plants in the Rostov region, migrating from abandoned areas with weeds adjacent to the vineyards in search of food. To contain the prevalence of the grape thrips population below the economically significant threshold of harmfulness in agrocenoses, it is necessary to conduct timely phytosanitary monitoring. Under the conditions of two agrocenoses in 2021 and 2022, two generations of grape thrips developed during the growing season: the first at the end of May, the second at the end of June. The intensity of damage to plants of two grape varieties by grape thrips was not significant and did not exceed the economically significant threshold of harmfulness, so it was decided not to carry out chemical treatments. The presence of a stable number of pest individuals suggests that the population may be capable of wider distribution. Key words: GRAPEVINE, DREPANOTHRIPS REUTERI UZEL, POPULATION DYNAMICS, HARMFUL
{"title":"MONITORING OF GRAPE TRIPS IN VINEYARDS","authors":"M.I. Murzina","doi":"10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-150-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-150-162","url":null,"abstract":"The publication presents the results of studies to determine the population size of grape thrips Drepanothrips reuteri Uzel and the extent of distribution of on the Don under different meteorological conditions. The studies were carried out in 2021 and 2022 in the conditions of two agrocenoses of Novocherkassk and Nizhnekundryuchensky Branches of the experimental field of the All-Russian Research Ya. I. Potapenko Institute for Viticulture and Winemaking. The subject of the study was the dynamics of the prevalence and harmfulness of grape thrips on the technical grape varieties Tsvetochnyi and Cabernet severnyi, in an uncovered culture. In the context of the widespread distribution of sugescent pests of grapes, the issue of protecting production plantings and improved basic plantings of the mother plant from them is acute, using the method of monitoring studies to signal the population size using flower traps. Therefore, the study of the development features of grape thrips, both in the conditions of the mother plant of basic plants and fruit-bearing vineyards and their influence on the economically valuable traits of grapes, is relevant. Grape thrips is a relatively new species for grape plants in the Rostov region, migrating from abandoned areas with weeds adjacent to the vineyards in search of food. To contain the prevalence of the grape thrips population below the economically significant threshold of harmfulness in agrocenoses, it is necessary to conduct timely phytosanitary monitoring. Under the conditions of two agrocenoses in 2021 and 2022, two generations of grape thrips developed during the growing season: the first at the end of May, the second at the end of June. The intensity of damage to plants of two grape varieties by grape thrips was not significant and did not exceed the economically significant threshold of harmfulness, so it was decided not to carry out chemical treatments. The presence of a stable number of pest individuals suggests that the population may be capable of wider distribution. Key words: GRAPEVINE, DREPANOTHRIPS REUTERI UZEL, POPULATION DYNAMICS, HARMFUL","PeriodicalId":504482,"journal":{"name":"Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-1-15
E. Egorov, Z. Shadrina, G. Kochyan
The necessity of developing multifactorial models for managing the sustainability of reproductive processes in perennial agrocenoses with the participation of orchard crops and grapes is substantiated. The factors influencing the sustainability and efficiency of the production of fruit products and grapes in the Krasnodar region have been identified. Cognitive models for managing the sustainability of reproductive processes in perennial agrocenoses based on technological processes of elements of the fruit and grape-growing management system have been developed. Models for managing the sustainability of reproductive processes are based on cognitive methods of analysis and digital technologies, taking into account the identified systemic relationships in reproductive processes in functional areas of impact according to criteria of efficiency; biologization; environmental management. Cognitive models have made it possible to identify multifunctional relationships in reproductive processes in functional areas of influence, the optimization of which is the basis for the development of digital technologies. The results of cognitive modeling will be the basis for solving applied problems to increase the productivity of fruit agrocenoses, reduce the level of chemical and anthropogenic load on their elements and optimize the costs of production of industrial products. normative parametric model of the stability of reproductive processes in perennial agrocenoses with the participation of orchard crops and grapes has been developed. The tools for managing biotechnological processes in the elements of agrocenosis are proposed. Key words: MODELS, MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABILITY, COGNITIVE MODELING, COGNITIVE MAPS, DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, EFFICIENCY
{"title":"MULTIFACTORIAL MODELS FOR MANAGING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF REPRODUCTIVE PROCESSES IN PERENNIAL AGROCENOSES BASED ON COGNITIVE ANALYSIS METHODS","authors":"E. Egorov, Z. Shadrina, G. Kochyan","doi":"10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-1-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-1-15","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity of developing multifactorial models for managing the sustainability of reproductive processes in perennial agrocenoses with the participation of orchard crops and grapes is substantiated. The factors influencing the sustainability and efficiency of the production of fruit products and grapes in the Krasnodar region have been identified. Cognitive models for managing the sustainability of reproductive processes in perennial agrocenoses based on technological processes of elements of the fruit and grape-growing management system have been developed. Models for managing the sustainability of reproductive processes are based on cognitive methods of analysis and digital technologies, taking into account the identified systemic relationships in reproductive processes in functional areas of impact according to criteria of efficiency; biologization; environmental management. Cognitive models have made it possible to identify multifunctional relationships in reproductive processes in functional areas of influence, the optimization of which is the basis for the development of digital technologies. The results of cognitive modeling will be the basis for solving applied problems to increase the productivity of fruit agrocenoses, reduce the level of chemical and anthropogenic load on their elements and optimize the costs of production of industrial products. normative parametric model of the stability of reproductive processes in perennial agrocenoses with the participation of orchard crops and grapes has been developed. The tools for managing biotechnological processes in the elements of agrocenosis are proposed. Key words: MODELS, MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABILITY, COGNITIVE MODELING, COGNITIVE MAPS, DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, EFFICIENCY","PeriodicalId":504482,"journal":{"name":"Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-115-125
A. Mishko, A. Klyukina, V. Vyalkov
The search for new promising pear varieties with high adaptation and production potential is an important aim of modern breeding for the southern regions of the Russian Federation. In present study, the results of the physiological characteristics of four pear varieties during the summerautumn season 2022-2023 are presented. Pear trees were planted in the territory of the Prikubanskaya fruit growing in the Krasnodar Region. Three varieties Leven, Lyuberskaya, Flamenco of Russian breeding and the American variety Devo were used. The pear leaves were selected three times during the summer months and in September. The content of soluble sugars and total phenols, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes – superoxide dismutase and peroxidase – were determined in the plant material. It was established that an increase of the level of the primary and secondary metabolites accumulation and an increase of enzymatic activity by ~20-75 % occurred in the hotter and drier 2023. The content of soluble sugars significantly increased to ~12.0 mg/g fresh weight in the leaves of the varieties Devo and Leven. The accumulation of phenolic compounds increased in all pear varieties by more than 30 % with values exceeding 27,0 mg/g fresh weight. The level of superoxide dismutase activity in 2023 averaged 13.4 unit/mg protein, which is slightly higher than the values of 2022. Peroxidase activity increased 2-4 times with maximum values of more than 8,0 unit/mg protein per min. in the varieties Leven and Lyuberskaya. In conclusion, the data obtained indicate that the drier and hotter conditions of 2023 were not critical for the normal growth and development of the studied pears varieties, but only initiated the activation of the defense antioxidant system in plant cells. Key words: PEAR, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY METABOLITES, ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY
{"title":"PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PEAR VARIETIES IN THE TERRITORY OF THE KRASNODAR REGION","authors":"A. Mishko, A. Klyukina, V. Vyalkov","doi":"10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-115-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-115-125","url":null,"abstract":"The search for new promising pear varieties with high adaptation and production potential is an important aim of modern breeding for the southern regions of the Russian Federation. In present study, the results of the physiological characteristics of four pear varieties during the summerautumn season 2022-2023 are presented. Pear trees were planted in the territory of the Prikubanskaya fruit growing in the Krasnodar Region. Three varieties Leven, Lyuberskaya, Flamenco of Russian breeding and the American variety Devo were used. The pear leaves were selected three times during the summer months and in September. The content of soluble sugars and total phenols, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes – superoxide dismutase and peroxidase – were determined in the plant material. It was established that an increase of the level of the primary and secondary metabolites accumulation and an increase of enzymatic activity by ~20-75 % occurred in the hotter and drier 2023. The content of soluble sugars significantly increased to ~12.0 mg/g fresh weight in the leaves of the varieties Devo and Leven. The accumulation of phenolic compounds increased in all pear varieties by more than 30 % with values exceeding 27,0 mg/g fresh weight. The level of superoxide dismutase activity in 2023 averaged 13.4 unit/mg protein, which is slightly higher than the values of 2022. Peroxidase activity increased 2-4 times with maximum values of more than 8,0 unit/mg protein per min. in the varieties Leven and Lyuberskaya. In conclusion, the data obtained indicate that the drier and hotter conditions of 2023 were not critical for the normal growth and development of the studied pears varieties, but only initiated the activation of the defense antioxidant system in plant cells. Key words: PEAR, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY METABOLITES, ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY","PeriodicalId":504482,"journal":{"name":"Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-232-246
Evgenya Leonidovna Tyshchenko
Hibiscus x moscheutos L. is a promising decorative perennial for inclusion in green plantings in the southern regions of Russia. Currently, there is no data available on the most effective methods of propagating hibiscus in the conditions of southern gardening in Russia. Since 2014, FSBSI «North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making» (Krasnodar) has been carrying out work on introduction and variety study of H. x moscheutos. The collection includes 47 varieties. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the potential of vegetative propagation of promising varieties using the herbaceous cuttings method. The study included 18 varieties and hybrids. In the experiment 2 cutting periods were studied: 1st period – spring (II-III decade of May), 2nd period – summer (III decade of June – 1st decade of July (control). It was established that herbaceous cuttings can be carried out in 2 periods – in the II decade of May, with the placement of mother bushes in protected ground, and in the III decade of June, with the preparation of cuttings from mother plants growing in open ground. For most varieties, spring cuttings are preferable. In this case, young plants overwinter better, and the yield of marketable seedlings after 1 year of growing in pots is higher. During wintering of plants of summer cuttings, a high percentage of death was observed, which is associated with the low winter hardiness of young plants. A significant decrease in the yield of marketable seedlings after 1 year of growing in plants of summer cuttings was detected in the following varieties: Berry Awersome, Midnithe Marvell, Plam Flambe, Perfect Storm – a decrease in the yield of seedlings of I grade was observed by almost 2 times in comparison with plants rooted in spring. The best performance in herbaceous cuttings was found in the following varieties: Cherry Cheescake, Cranberry Crush, Peppermint Schnapps, Jazzberry Jam, Summer in Paradise, Krasny Rusanova, Hybrid № 5. These cultivars combine in their genotype adaptability to abiotic stress factors and increased productivity of uterine bushes during cuttings and provide a high yield of marketable seedlings when grown in pots. Key words: ROSEMALLOW (HIBISCUS MOSCHEUTOS), VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION, HERBACEOUS CUTTINGS, POT CULTURE
Hibiscus x moscheutos L. 是一种很有前途的多年生装饰性植物，可用于俄罗斯南部地区的绿化种植。目前，还没有关于在俄罗斯南部园艺条件下繁殖木槿的最有效方法的数据。自 2014 年以来，FSBSI "北高加索联邦园艺、葡萄栽培和葡萄酒酿造科学中心"（克拉斯诺达尔）一直在开展 H. x moscheutos 的引种和品种研究工作。该中心收集了 47 个品种。这项研究的目的是评估采用草本扦插法对有前途的品种进行无性繁殖的潜力。研究包括 18 个品种和杂交种。实验研究了两个扦插时期：第一个时期--春季（5 月下旬至 5 月上旬），第二个时期--夏季（6 月下旬至 7 月上旬（对照））。实验结果表明，草本植物扦插可以分两个时期进行：5 月下旬，将母株插在保护地内；6 月下旬，从露地生长的母株上扦插。对于大多数品种来说，春季扦插更为可取。在这种情况下，幼苗越冬效果更好，在花盆中生长 1 年后可上市的幼苗产量更高。在夏季扦插的植株越冬期间，观察到的死亡比例很高，这与幼苗冬季耐寒性低有关。以下品种在夏插植株生长一年后，可上市幼苗的产量明显下降：Berry Awersome、Midnithe Marvell、Plam Flambe、Perfect Storm - I 级幼苗的产量比春季扦插的植株减少了近 2 倍。以下品种的草本扦插效果最好：Cherry Cheescake、Cranberry Crush、Peppermint Schnapps、Jazzberry Jam、Summer in Paradise、Krasny Rusanova、Hybrid №5。这些栽培品种的基因型都能适应非生物胁迫因素，在扦插时能提高子宫灌木的产量，在盆栽时能提供高产的适销苗木。关键词蔷薇、无性繁殖、扦插、盆栽
{"title":"SOME ASPECTS OF VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION OF PROMISING VARIETIES HIBISCUS X MOSCHEUTOS L.","authors":"Evgenya Leonidovna Tyshchenko","doi":"10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-232-246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-232-246","url":null,"abstract":"Hibiscus x moscheutos L. is a promising decorative perennial for inclusion in green plantings in the southern regions of Russia. Currently, there is no data available on the most effective methods of propagating hibiscus in the conditions of southern gardening in Russia. Since 2014, FSBSI «North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making» (Krasnodar) has been carrying out work on introduction and variety study of H. x moscheutos. The collection includes 47 varieties. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the potential of vegetative propagation of promising varieties using the herbaceous cuttings method. The study included 18 varieties and hybrids. In the experiment 2 cutting periods were studied: 1st period – spring (II-III decade of May), 2nd period – summer (III decade of June – 1st decade of July (control). It was established that herbaceous cuttings can be carried out in 2 periods – in the II decade of May, with the placement of mother bushes in protected ground, and in the III decade of June, with the preparation of cuttings from mother plants growing in open ground. For most varieties, spring cuttings are preferable. In this case, young plants overwinter better, and the yield of marketable seedlings after 1 year of growing in pots is higher. During wintering of plants of summer cuttings, a high percentage of death was observed, which is associated with the low winter hardiness of young plants. A significant decrease in the yield of marketable seedlings after 1 year of growing in plants of summer cuttings was detected in the following varieties: Berry Awersome, Midnithe Marvell, Plam Flambe, Perfect Storm – a decrease in the yield of seedlings of I grade was observed by almost 2 times in comparison with plants rooted in spring. The best performance in herbaceous cuttings was found in the following varieties: Cherry Cheescake, Cranberry Crush, Peppermint Schnapps, Jazzberry Jam, Summer in Paradise, Krasny Rusanova, Hybrid № 5. These cultivars combine in their genotype adaptability to abiotic stress factors and increased productivity of uterine bushes during cuttings and provide a high yield of marketable seedlings when grown in pots. Key words: ROSEMALLOW (HIBISCUS MOSCHEUTOS), VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION, HERBACEOUS CUTTINGS, POT CULTURE","PeriodicalId":504482,"journal":{"name":"Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2024-2-86-44-70
R. Zaremuk
The study presents the results of a comprehensive phenotypic and genotypic assessment of the gene pool of orchard crops, grapes and breeding of new generation varieties. Taking into account changing weather and climatic conditions, intensification of technologies for cultivating orchard crops and grapes, the need to change the focus of breeding work is becoming more urgent, in terms of increasing the adaptability of varieties. The purpose of the research was to mobilize, preserve, study the gene pool, identify genes for valuable traits using DNA markers, and create varieties with high productive potential. In conjunction with this, the NCFSCHVW preserves a gene pool of 7,240 genotypes, 632 donors and sources of valuable traits. For the first time, promising DNA-markers Ps12a02a and CPPCT006, priority ones for genetic analysis, have been identified for the evaluation of sweet cherry varieties. The polymorphism of DNA-markers used for genotyping of grape varieties was established: UDV305 and UDV737, linked to the Rpv3 gene for resistance to downy mildew, GF15-42, SCGF15-02, linked to the Ren3 gene, and CenGen6, linked to the Ren9 gene for resistance to grape powdery mildew. DNA-marking made it possible to identify donor grape varieties Moldova bessemyannaya (resistance to downy mildew by the Rpv3 gene), Kishmish Zaporozhskiy (resistance to powdery mildew by the Ren3 and Ren9 genes); donor of apple tree immunity to scab according to the Rvi6 gene – elite 12/2-21-27. Analysis of the hybrid progeny of strawberries made it possible to identify the donor of large fruit – Nelly variety. 26 unique DNA passports of domestic grape, plum and apple varieties have been developed. Based on a comprehensive assessment of varieties of orchard crops and grapes, 45 sources were established for important characteristics: adaptability, productivity, tolerance to root phylloxera, seedlessness of grapes, productivity in the mother plantings, easy propagation by cuttings, etc. 16 elite forms were obtained with breeding-significant traits, allowing to optimize the assortment of garden crops and grapes. To create stable and productive agrocenoses and ampelocenoses in the conditions of the North Caucasus, 20 varieties with high ecological plasticity and manufacturability are recommended. Key words: GENE POOL, ORCHARD CROPS, GRAPES, VARIETY, ADAPTABILITY, PRODUCTIVITY, DNA MARKERS
本研究介绍了对果园作物和葡萄基因库进行表型和基因型综合评估以及培育新一代品种的结果。考虑到天气和气候条件的变化、果园作物和葡萄栽培技术的加强，从提高品种适应性的角度出发，改变育种工作重点的需求变得更加迫切。研究的目的是动员、保护和研究基因库，利用 DNA 标记鉴定有价值性状的基因，并培育出具有高生产潜力的品种。为此，国家农作物基因库保存了 7 240 个基因型、632 个供体和有价值性状的来源。在甜樱桃品种的评估中，首次确定了有前途的 DNA 标记 Ps12a02a 和 CPPCT006，它们是遗传分析的优先选择。用于葡萄品种基因分型的 DNA 标记的多态性已经确定：UDV305 和 UDV737 与抗霜霉病的 Rpv3 基因有关，GF15-42 和 SCGF15-02 与抗葡萄白粉病的 Ren3 基因有关，CenGen6 与 Ren9 基因有关。通过 DNA 标记，确定了供体葡萄品种 Moldova bessemyannaya（通过 Rpv3 基因抗霜霉病）、Kishmish Zaporozhskiy（通过 Ren3 和 Ren9 基因抗白粉病）；通过 Rvi6 基因确定了苹果树抗疮痂病的供体--精英 12/2-21-27。通过对草莓杂交后代的分析，确定了大果实的供体--"耐莉 "品种。已开发出 26 种国内葡萄、李子和苹果品种的独特 DNA 护照。在对果园作物和葡萄品种进行全面评估的基础上，确定了 45 个重要特性来源：适应性、生产力、对根瘤蚜虫的耐受性、葡萄无籽性、母本生产力、扦插繁殖简便性等。通过育种获得了 16 个具有重要特征的优良品种，从而优化了园艺作物和葡萄的品种。为在北高加索条件下培育出稳定、高产的农家乐和安培园，推荐 20 个具有高生态可塑性和可制造性的品种。关键词：基因库、果园作物、葡萄基因库、果园作物、葡萄、品种、适应性、生产力、DNA 标记
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