Potato breeding at Gorsk State Agrarian University

Abstract

The article highlights issues of breeding work at Gorsk State Agrarian University in 2022. Obtaining productive potato varieties that resistant to various pathogens in the conditions of the mountain foothills of the North Caucasus is the goal of the research. The main objectives are to identify dominant characteristics of the studied varieties for their further use as parent forms, to evaluate hybrid offspring based on the main economically valuable characteristics, to select the most valuable genotypes according to variety models for a given region (6). In the collection nursery parental pairs were identified for further use in the breeding process. The studies were carried out on mountain meadow and leached chernozems of the North Ossetia-Alania. The experiments were carried out according to the methods of selection and seed production developed by VIR, VIZR and VNIKH named after. A.G. Lorja. In various nurseries of the breeding process promising hybrid offspring were identified. In the maternal nursery more than 6.5 thousand seeds were obtained as a result of backcrossings in 7 combinations. In the nursery of first-year seedlings 15% of genotypes were rejected according to morphological characteristics. During harvesting 42% of genotypes were rejected and the selection rate was 58%. In the nursery of second-year seedlings the average selection among planted genotypes averaged 79.2%. In the nursery of seedlings of the third year hybrids of four combinations were tested, 3 of which were rejected, only 133 combinations of offspring were obtained, and the selection rate was 11.1%. The isolated hybrid progenies, namely, 12.64/368, 12.40/1 and 12.64/394 with a yield of 51.7 t/ha, 48.7 t/ha and 48.1 t/ha, and marketability of 82.3%, 80.0% and 84 .0% will accordingly be transferred to a breeding nursery for further research and submission to the State Crop Testing Site of the Russian Federation.