The Infrastructure for Providing Electronic Communication Services and its Impact on Effective Competition

Abstract

The infrastructure for providing electronic communication services and its impact on competitiveness, including 5G technology, has been focused on several key dimensions. These include the allocation of frequency spectrum, investments by cellular network operators, and the role of sectoral policies in the development of 5G technology. Spectrum allocation is a critical step in the development of 5G infrastructure, considering the regulatory authorities' role in ensuring effective frequency utilization. Operator investments in building 5G networks are a crucial factor for technological advancement and market competitiveness. Furthermore, these aspects must be assessed within the context of competition and performance growth in electronic communication services. Particularly, 5G technology represents a significant factor in enhancing network speed and capacity, offering innovative and adaptable services for users and industry. Security and privacy aspects are also crucial, emphasizing the need for effective policies and regulations to safeguard user data and ensure a reliable electronic communication environment. In this regard, it is appreciated that the development of electronic communication infrastructure, particularly with the establishment of 5G networks, has a profound impact on competitiveness, heralding a new era of advanced and personalized communication services. Another aspect involves the analysis of the market structure with two cellular operators in Albania and industry expectations for investments in 5G technology, rendering it a distinctive situation as a market dominated by a duopoly, given the absence of MVNOs, and the role of the effect reflected by the use of OTT services. The duopoly market structure can present challenges and advantages for the sector, also considered as a factor that may influence the development of 5G technology. Investments in 5G infrastructure are regarded as a crucial step to expedite progress and enhance cellular services within the country. Competition between the two operators underscores the importance of appropriate regulation to encourage investments and ensure a healthy competitive environment.   Received: 17 September 2023 / Accepted: 29 December 2023 / Published: 5 January 2024