Recent advances in therapeutic interventions of polycystic ovarian syndrome

Abstract

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a severe infertility-causing disorder rapidly affecting females of reproductive age. It is a multifaceted disorder related to the endocrine system and manifests indicators such as hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Other prominent characteristics include obesity, metabolic syndrome, irregular menstrual cycles, diabetes mellitus, infertility, hirsutism, acne, endometrial cancer, and cardiovascular disease. The etiopathogenesis of PCOS is not fully understood, but non-Mendelian inheritance is considered a major cause due to genetic complexity. Conventional treatments typically target individual symptoms, sometimes leading to contraindications and numerous side effects, often resulting in less effective outcomes. However, effective surgical methods recommended by professionals include Bariatric Surgery, as well as Complementary and Alternative Medicine based approaches like Moxibustion, acupuncture utilized in clinical practice, aiding patients in regaining a healthy lifestyle. Emerging approaches, such as nanotechnology-based therapies, hold promise for addressing PCOS and its related conditions simultaneously. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems possess unique properties that may enhance bioavailability and therapeutic responses. Phytochemicals represent potential futuristic candidates with multifaceted effects in managing the disease, particularly when effectively delivered through nanoparticles. In this review different aspects of therapeutic interventions are discussed thoroughly and it also highlights the challenges associated with treating PCOS, discussing various treatment options available alongside future directions.