Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100673
Tannaz Jamialahamdi , Elaheh Mirhadi , Mohammed A. Abdalla , Vasily N. Sukhorukov , Aida Tasbandi , Wael Almahmeed , Salim S. Virani , Amirhossein Sahebkar
Introduction
The global increase in obesity has spurred a rise in bariatric surgeries, now deemed one of the most effective treatments for obesity and its associated metabolic issues, including dyslipidemia. Numerous studies have shown that bariatric surgery, particularly Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG), leads to significant improvements in obesity-related comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver, sleep apnea, and arthritis.
Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of SG on the lipid profiles.
Data source
We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar from inception to May 20th, 2024.
Studies selection
Studies were deemed eligible if they involved individuals with severe obesity undergoing SG and reported data on lipid profile at baseline and follow-up for at least 5 years.
Data extraction
Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias.
Results
Of the 4922 articles identified from our database search, 15 articles measuring lipid profiles following SG met our inclusion criteria for the analysis. SG showed a nonsignificant effect on mean TC at ≥ 5 years compared with baseline (Weighted mean difference (WMD): −4.944 mg/dl, 95 % CI: −19.78 9.901, p = 0.514; I2:97.95), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C (WMD: −3.843 mg/dl, 95 % CI: −10.092, 2.407, 95 % PI: −28.917, 21.232 p = 0.228; I2:87.85). However, there was a significant reduction in the mean TG (WMD: −43.079 mg/dl, 95 % CI: −51.735, −34.422, 95 % PI: −76.111, −10.046 p < 0.001; I2:83.72), and increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: 11.182 mg/dl, 95 % CI: 6.609, 15.755, 95 % PI: −8.497, 30.861 p < 0.001; I2:91.43).
Conclusion
SG significantly improved and sustained the effect on TG and HDL-C at 5-years and beyond, post-surgery with no effect on LDL-C and TC.
全球肥胖的增加刺激了减肥手术的增加，减肥手术现在被认为是治疗肥胖及其相关代谢问题（包括血脂异常）最有效的方法之一。大量研究表明，减肥手术，特别是袖胃切除术（SG），可以显著改善与肥胖相关的合并症，如糖尿病、高血压、脂肪肝、睡眠呼吸暂停和关节炎。目的本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在评价SG对血脂的影响。数据来源我们检索了PubMed， Scopus， Web of Science和b谷歌Scholar，检索时间从成立到2024年5月20日。研究选择如果研究涉及接受SG的严重肥胖患者，并报告基线和随访至少5年的脂质数据，则认为研究符合条件。数据提取两名独立审稿人提取数据并评估偏倚风险。结果在数据库检索的4922篇文章中，有15篇采用SG测量血脂的文章符合我们的纳入标准。与基线相比，SG对≥5年的平均TC无显著影响(加权平均差（WMD）： - 4.944 mg/dl, 95% CI: - 19.78 9.901, p = 0.514；低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C） （WMD:−3.843 mg/dl, 95% CI:−10.092,2.407,95% PI:−28.917,21.232 p = 0.228; I2:87.85）。然而，平均TG显著降低（WMD: - 43.079 mg/dl, 95% CI: - 51.735, - 34.422, 95% PI: - 76.111, - 10.046 p < 0.001; I2:83.72），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）升高（WMD: 11.182 mg/dl, 95% CI: 6.609, 15.755, 95% PI: - 8.497, 30.861 p < 0.001; I2:91.43）。结论sg对TG和HDL-C的改善和维持作用在术后5年及以上，对LDL-C和TC无影响。
{"title":"Long-term impact of sleeve gastrectomy on lipid profile: A meta-analysis","authors":"Tannaz Jamialahamdi , Elaheh Mirhadi , Mohammed A. Abdalla , Vasily N. Sukhorukov , Aida Tasbandi , Wael Almahmeed , Salim S. Virani , Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The global increase in obesity has spurred a rise in bariatric surgeries, now deemed one of the most effective treatments for obesity and its associated metabolic issues, including dyslipidemia. Numerous studies have shown that bariatric surgery, particularly Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG), leads to significant improvements in obesity-related comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver, sleep apnea, and arthritis.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of SG on the lipid profiles.</div></div><div><h3>Data source</h3><div>We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar from inception to May 20th, 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Studies selection</h3><div>Studies were deemed eligible if they involved individuals with severe obesity undergoing SG and reported data on lipid profile at baseline and follow-up for at least 5 years.</div></div><div><h3>Data extraction</h3><div>Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 4922 articles identified from our database search, 15 articles measuring lipid profiles following SG met our inclusion criteria for the analysis. SG showed a nonsignificant effect on mean TC at ≥ 5 years compared with baseline (Weighted mean difference (WMD): −4.944 mg/dl, 95 % CI: −19.78 9.901, p = 0.514; I<sup>2</sup>:97.95), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C (WMD: −3.843 mg/dl, 95 % CI: −10.092, 2.407, 95 % PI: −28.917, 21.232 p = 0.228; I<sup>2</sup>:87.85). However, there was a significant reduction in the mean TG (WMD: −43.079 mg/dl, 95 % CI: −51.735, −34.422, 95 % PI: −76.111, −10.046 p < 0.001; I<sup>2</sup>:83.72), and increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: 11.182 mg/dl, 95 % CI: 6.609, 15.755, 95 % PI: −8.497, 30.861 p < 0.001; I<sup>2</sup>:91.43).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SG significantly improved and sustained the effect on TG and HDL-C at 5-years and beyond, post-surgery with no effect on LDL-C and TC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100674
Shania Liu , Genieve Wong , Pavneet Mavi , Stephanie C. Gysel , Daniel Burton , Neire Monteiro , Derek Durocher , Arya M. Sharma , Ross T. Tsuyuki
Type 2 diabetes and obesity are major public health concerns worldwide. This study examined reasons for stopping GLP-1 agonist therapy. Nearly half discontinued within six months. Key reasons included side effects, shortages, cost, perceived ineffectiveness, and life circumstances.
{"title":"Factors contributing to non-persistence of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Shania Liu , Genieve Wong , Pavneet Mavi , Stephanie C. Gysel , Daniel Burton , Neire Monteiro , Derek Durocher , Arya M. Sharma , Ross T. Tsuyuki","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Type 2 diabetes and obesity are major public health concerns worldwide. This study examined reasons for stopping GLP-1 agonist therapy. Nearly half discontinued within six months. Key reasons included side effects, shortages, cost, perceived ineffectiveness, and life circumstances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100674"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The gut microbiota has emerged as a fundamental regulator of host metabolic processes, significantly influencing energy balance, inflammatory responses, and endocrine signaling. Leptin, a key hormonal mediator of energy homeostasis, is secreted by adipocytes and regulates appetite, thermogenesis, and lipid metabolism via central and peripheral mechanisms. Dysregulation of leptin signaling, characterized by hyperleptinemia and leptin resistance, is a hallmark of obesity and related metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut microbiota-derived modulators, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), bile acids, and other microbial metabolites, significantly affect leptin expression, secretion, and its downstream signaling. These microbial signals interact with intestinal and systemic immune pathways, alter gut permeability, and influence neuroendocrine axes, collectively shaping leptin sensitivity and affecting metabolic outcomes. Gut dysbiosis has been linked to impaired leptin transport across the blood–brain barrier and disrupted hypothalamic signaling, further exacerbating metabolic dysfunction. Leptin may influence the gut microbial composition, highlighting a bidirectional regulatory relationship. This review synthesizes the current evidence on gut microbiota–leptin crosstalk and explores emerging microbiota-targeted strategies to restore leptin sensitivity, offering promising avenues for managing obesity and its associated metabolic complications.
{"title":"Gut Microbiota–Leptin crosstalk in obesity and metabolic dysregulation","authors":"Loushambam Samananda Singh , Laimayum Amarnath Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gut microbiota has emerged as a fundamental regulator of host metabolic processes, significantly influencing energy balance, inflammatory responses, and endocrine signaling. Leptin, a key hormonal mediator of energy homeostasis, is secreted by adipocytes and regulates appetite, thermogenesis, and lipid metabolism via central and peripheral mechanisms. Dysregulation of leptin signaling, characterized by hyperleptinemia and leptin resistance, is a hallmark of obesity and related metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut microbiota-derived modulators, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), bile acids, and other microbial metabolites, significantly affect leptin expression, secretion, and its downstream signaling. These microbial signals interact with intestinal and systemic immune pathways, alter gut permeability, and influence neuroendocrine axes, collectively shaping leptin sensitivity and affecting metabolic outcomes. Gut dysbiosis has been linked to impaired leptin transport across the blood–brain barrier and disrupted hypothalamic signaling, further exacerbating metabolic dysfunction. Leptin may influence the gut microbial composition, highlighting a bidirectional regulatory relationship. This review synthesizes the current evidence on gut microbiota–leptin crosstalk and explores emerging microbiota-targeted strategies to restore leptin sensitivity, offering promising avenues for managing obesity and its associated metabolic complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100671"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100669
Kizeisile R. Hau, A.K. Roopa, V.M. Vinodhini, P. Renuka
Introduction
Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation that may alter iron metabolism. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, has been studied in obesity, but its relationship with iron remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association of IL-10 with iron status in obese and overweight individuals.
Methods
Cross-sectional observational study was carried with 90 patients undergoing master health screening at SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Tamil Nadu. Subjects were categorized by BMI kg/m2 as healthy controls (BMI 18.5–22.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 23–24.9 kg/m2) and obese group (BMI ≥25 kg/m2).
Results
We found out a significant lower values in IL-10 (p = 0.015), serum Iron (p = 0.020) and transferrin saturation (p = 0.005) among obese group compared to the normal and overweight groups but inverse relationship with BMI (p < 0.001) and serum hs-CRP levels (p < 0.001) was observed. IL-10 shows a negative correlation with BMI (r = −0.256, p = 0.016) and with hs-CRP (r = −0.235, p = 0.028). In addition, no significant correlation was observed between IL-10 and iron, Ferritin, TIBC, and TSAT.
Conclusion
IL-10 levels were not significantly associated with iron parameters in obese and overweight individuals, providing preliminary evidence from an Indian population and underscoring the need for larger and longitudinal studies.
{"title":"Association of Interleukin-10 with iron profile in obese and overweight individuals","authors":"Kizeisile R. Hau, A.K. Roopa, V.M. Vinodhini, P. Renuka","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation that may alter iron metabolism. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, has been studied in obesity, but its relationship with iron remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association of IL-10 with iron status in obese and overweight individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional observational study was carried with 90 patients undergoing master health screening at SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Tamil Nadu. Subjects were categorized by BMI kg/m<sup>2</sup> as healthy controls (BMI 18.5–22.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), overweight (BMI 23–24.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and obese group (BMI ≥25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found out a significant lower values in IL-10 (<em>p</em> = 0.015), serum Iron (<em>p</em> = 0.020) and transferrin saturation (<em>p</em> = 0.005) among obese group compared to the normal and overweight groups but inverse relationship with BMI (<em>p</em> < 0.001) and serum hs-CRP levels (<em>p</em> < 0.001) was observed. IL-10 shows a negative correlation with BMI (r = −0.256, <em>p</em> = 0.016) and with hs-CRP (r = −0.235, <em>p</em> = 0.028). In addition, no significant correlation was observed between IL-10 and iron, Ferritin, TIBC, and TSAT.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>IL-10 levels were not significantly associated with iron parameters in obese and overweight individuals, providing preliminary evidence from an Indian population and underscoring the need for larger and longitudinal studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100669"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100670
Muhammad Wajid Siddique, Muhammad Abdullah Cheema
{"title":"Using waist-to-height ratio to detect early central obesity in school-aged adolescents","authors":"Muhammad Wajid Siddique, Muhammad Abdullah Cheema","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100670","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100670"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100665
Harini K N , Savithri Nilkantham
Objective
The co-occurrence of hypothyroidism and obesity has drawn growing research attention due to their shared metabolic and hormonal links, which collectively worsen health outcomes and quality of life. This study evaluates current treatment strategies and examines the potential of integrative approaches to treat individuals experiencing both conditions.
Design/methodology/approach
This systematic review examines clinical studies on treatments for co-occurring hypothyroidism and obesity. A comprehensive search was carried out in Scopus and Web of Science databases using 12 different search terms till September 2025 in the area of “hypothyroidism and obesity treatments” following PRISMA guidelines to select the relevant English-language peer-reviewed articles for review.
Principle findings
This study categorizes treatment approaches for co-occurring hypothyroidism and obesity into two primary groups: “Conventional and Non-conventional”, with each comprising distinct sub-groups. Conventional treatments include medication (oral or injectable drugs) and surgery (such as laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, or thyroidectomy); non-conventional treatments encompass lifestyle (diet, nutrition, exercise, and micronutrient supplementation) and complementary therapies (yoga, Ayurveda, naturopathy, and other mind–body practices). The findings highlight the need for further research on non-conventional treatments for subclinical forms of hypothyroidism and obesity and also combining conventional & non-conventional approaches for managing clinical hypothyroidism and obesity.
Conclusion
Hypothyroidism and obesity often co-occur, complicating treatment. While conventional treatments like medication and surgery target thyroid function, non-conventional treatments like lifestyle and complementary therapy, improve metabolism, stress management, and well-being. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic literature review that evaluates several treatment methods for the combined adverse effects of hypothyroidism and obesity, suggesting effective control and prevention strategies and proposing directions for future research.
目的甲状腺功能减退和肥胖的共同发生由于其共同的代谢和激素联系而引起越来越多的研究关注，这共同恶化了健康结果和生活质量。本研究评估了目前的治疗策略，并探讨了综合治疗方法治疗两种情况的潜力。设计/方法/方法：本系统综述探讨了甲状腺功能减退和肥胖共存的临床研究。根据PRISMA指南，使用12种不同的检索词在Scopus和Web of Science数据库中进行综合检索，检索范围为“甲状腺功能减退和肥胖治疗”，检索时间截止到2025年9月，选取相关的英文同行评议文章进行综述。本研究将同时发生的甲状腺功能减退和肥胖的治疗方法分为两组：“常规和非常规”，每组都包含不同的亚组。常规治疗包括药物（口服或注射药物）和手术（如腹腔镜袖式胃切除术、Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术或甲状腺切除术）；非传统疗法包括生活方式（饮食、营养、运动和微量营养素补充）和补充疗法（瑜伽、阿育吠陀、自然疗法和其他身心练习）。这一发现强调了对亚临床形式甲状腺功能减退和肥胖的非传统治疗方法的进一步研究，以及将传统和非传统方法结合起来治疗临床甲状腺功能减退和肥胖的必要性。结论甲状腺功能减退常与肥胖合并症，使治疗复杂化。虽然药物和手术等传统治疗针对的是甲状腺功能，但生活方式和补充疗法等非传统治疗可以改善新陈代谢、压力管理和健康。据我们所知，这是第一次系统的文献综述，评估了甲状腺功能减退和肥胖合并不良反应的几种治疗方法，提出了有效的控制和预防策略，并为未来的研究方向提出了建议。
{"title":"Treatment approaches for co-occurring hypothyroidism and obesity: A systematic literature review","authors":"Harini K N , Savithri Nilkantham","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The co-occurrence of hypothyroidism and obesity has drawn growing research attention due to their shared metabolic and hormonal links, which collectively worsen health outcomes and quality of life. This study evaluates current treatment strategies and examines the potential of integrative approaches to treat individuals experiencing both conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3><div>This systematic review examines clinical studies on treatments for co-occurring hypothyroidism and obesity. A comprehensive search was carried out in Scopus and Web of Science databases using 12 different search terms till September 2025 in the area of “hypothyroidism and obesity treatments” following PRISMA guidelines to select the relevant English-language peer-reviewed articles for review.</div></div><div><h3>Principle findings</h3><div>This study categorizes treatment approaches for co-occurring hypothyroidism and obesity into two primary groups: “Conventional and Non-conventional”, with each comprising distinct sub-groups. Conventional treatments include medication (oral or injectable drugs) and surgery (such as laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, or thyroidectomy); non-conventional treatments encompass lifestyle (diet, nutrition, exercise, and micronutrient supplementation) and complementary therapies (yoga, Ayurveda, naturopathy, and other mind–body practices). The findings highlight the need for further research on non-conventional treatments for subclinical forms of hypothyroidism and obesity and also combining conventional & non-conventional approaches for managing clinical hypothyroidism and obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Hypothyroidism and obesity often co-occur, complicating treatment. While conventional treatments like medication and surgery target thyroid function, non-conventional treatments like lifestyle and complementary therapy, improve metabolism, stress management, and well-being. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic literature review that evaluates several treatment methods for the combined adverse effects of hypothyroidism and obesity, suggesting effective control and prevention strategies and proposing directions for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100665"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145521196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100663
Mohammad Bani Younis , Mais Bani Younis
Background
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with increasing global prevalence, particularly linked to obesity. Obesity, measured by Body Mass Index, significantly heightens the risk of type 2 diabetes, with Arab countries showing some of the highest diabetes rates. Hypertension, another prevalent non-communicable disease, also poses significant cardiovascular risks, with early onset during adolescence and a growing burden worldwide.
Aims
This research aims to investigate the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity among university students. Another aim is to investigate the factors associated with diabetes and hypertension among university students.
Results
The blood pressure analysis shows 66 % of participants with normal levels, while 18 % have elevated and 16 % are hypertensive. Average systolic and diastolic pressures were 118.87 mmHg and 70.79 mmHg, respectively. Blood glucose measurements revealed variability, with fasting levels averaging 87.15 mg/dL and random levels averaging 95.12 mg/dL. Approximately 8 % of participants were prediabetic and 5 % were diabetic. The body mass index (BMI) values ranged from 16.87 to 45.70, with 59 % of participants in the normal range, 25 % classified as overweight, and 13 % as obese. Cluster analysis reveals that 63 % of the students had no cardiometabolic risk condition, 28 % had one condition, and 9 % had a clustering of more than one condition. Binary logistic regression indicates that each one-unit increase in BMI was associated with an 83 % higher likelihood of having high FBS. The results of the chi-square analysis suggest that individuals with obesity may have a substantially higher likelihood of hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion
The study highlights a concerning prevalence of hypertension and obesity among university students, with 16 % classified as hypertensive and 13 % as obese. Although the majority of participants maintained normal blood pressure and BMI levels, the elevated rates of hypertension and obesity suggest an increased risk for future cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.
糖尿病是一种慢性代谢性疾病，全球患病率不断上升，特别是与肥胖有关。体重指数（Body Mass Index）显示，肥胖显著增加了患2型糖尿病的风险，其中阿拉伯国家的糖尿病发病率最高。高血压是另一种普遍存在的非传染性疾病，也会造成严重的心血管风险，在青春期发病早，在世界范围内成为日益严重的负担。目的本研究旨在调查大学生糖尿病、高血压和肥胖的患病率。另一个目的是调查大学生糖尿病和高血压的相关因素。结果66%的参与者血压正常，18%的参与者血压升高，16%的参与者有高血压。平均收缩压为118.87 mmHg，舒张压为70.79 mmHg。血糖测量显示出差异性，空腹水平平均为87.15 mg/dL，随机水平平均为95.12 mg/dL。大约8%的参与者是糖尿病前期，5%是糖尿病患者。身体质量指数（BMI）值从16.87到45.70不等，59%的参与者处于正常范围，25%的参与者被归类为超重，13%的参与者被归类为肥胖。聚类分析显示，63%的学生没有心脏代谢危险状况，28%有一种情况，9%有一种以上的情况。二元逻辑回归表明，BMI每增加一个单位，高FBS的可能性增加83%。卡方分析的结果表明，肥胖个体患高血压和糖尿病的可能性要高得多。结论该研究突出了高血压和肥胖在大学生中的患病率，16%的大学生被归类为高血压，13%的大学生被归类为肥胖。虽然大多数参与者保持正常的血压和身体质量指数水平，但高血压和肥胖率的升高表明未来心血管和代谢紊乱的风险增加。
{"title":"Prevalence and associated factors of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension among university students in Jordan","authors":"Mohammad Bani Younis , Mais Bani Younis","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with increasing global prevalence, particularly linked to obesity. Obesity, measured by Body Mass Index, significantly heightens the risk of type 2 diabetes, with Arab countries showing some of the highest diabetes rates. Hypertension, another prevalent non-communicable disease, also poses significant cardiovascular risks, with early onset during adolescence and a growing burden worldwide.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This research aims to investigate the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity among university students. Another aim is to investigate the factors associated with diabetes and hypertension among university students.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The blood pressure analysis shows 66 % of participants with normal levels, while 18 % have elevated and 16 % are hypertensive. Average systolic and diastolic pressures were 118.87 mmHg and 70.79 mmHg, respectively. Blood glucose measurements revealed variability, with fasting levels averaging 87.15 mg/dL and random levels averaging 95.12 mg/dL. Approximately 8 % of participants were prediabetic and 5 % were diabetic. The body mass index (BMI) values ranged from 16.87 to 45.70, with 59 % of participants in the normal range, 25 % classified as overweight, and 13 % as obese. Cluster analysis reveals that 63 % of the students had no cardiometabolic risk condition, 28 % had one condition, and 9 % had a clustering of more than one condition. Binary logistic regression indicates that each one-unit increase in BMI was associated with an 83 % higher likelihood of having high FBS. The results of the chi-square analysis suggest that individuals with obesity may have a substantially higher likelihood of hypertension and diabetes mellitus.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study highlights a concerning prevalence of hypertension and obesity among university students, with 16 % classified as hypertensive and 13 % as obese. Although the majority of participants maintained normal blood pressure and BMI levels, the elevated rates of hypertension and obesity suggest an increased risk for future cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100663"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100664
Sulagna Dutta , Pallav Sengupta
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women, yet its diagnosis and classification are inconsistent. Conventional frameworks emphasize reproductive and androgenic features, while relying heavily on body mass index (BMI) as a proxy for adiposity. However, BMI fails to capture visceral fat distribution, which is a stronger determinant of insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation, and cardiovascular risk. Emerging evidence highlights waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist circumference (WC) as superior markers of central adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in PCOS. Based on pooled data from recent studies, consolidated cut-offs for PCOS and insulin-resistant PCOS (PCOS-IR) were derived, allowing phenotype-based stratification according to adiposity patterns. These evidence-based thresholds distinguish the metabolic transition from general to insulin-resistant PCOS, providing practical reference points for clinical use. Based on these insights, we propose a hypothesis-based stratification of PCOS into three adiposity-driven phenotypes: lean PCOS with central adiposity, obese PCOS with predominant central adiposity, and obese PCOS with peripheral adiposity. This stratification framework integrates general and central adiposity measures to identify women at varying metabolic risk levels more accurately. Moving beyond BMI towards adiposity-driven classification is therefore a crucial step toward diagnostic precision in reproductive endocrinology.
{"title":"Stratification of polycystic ovary syndrome by central adiposity phenotypes: Toward diagnostic precision","authors":"Sulagna Dutta , Pallav Sengupta","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women, yet its diagnosis and classification are inconsistent. Conventional frameworks emphasize reproductive and androgenic features, while relying heavily on body mass index (BMI) as a proxy for adiposity. However, BMI fails to capture visceral fat distribution, which is a stronger determinant of insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation, and cardiovascular risk. Emerging evidence highlights waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist circumference (WC) as superior markers of central adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in PCOS. Based on pooled data from recent studies, consolidated cut-offs for PCOS and insulin-resistant PCOS (PCOS-IR) were derived, allowing phenotype-based stratification according to adiposity patterns. These evidence-based thresholds distinguish the metabolic transition from general to insulin-resistant PCOS, providing practical reference points for clinical use. Based on these insights, we propose a hypothesis-based stratification of PCOS into three adiposity-driven phenotypes: lean PCOS with central adiposity, obese PCOS with predominant central adiposity, and obese PCOS with peripheral adiposity. This stratification framework integrates general and central adiposity measures to identify women at varying metabolic risk levels more accurately. Moving beyond BMI towards adiposity-driven classification is therefore a crucial step toward diagnostic precision in reproductive endocrinology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100660
Isar Sharma , Ritu Mahajan , Nisha Kapoor
Obesity, a widespread health concern, presents a clinical paradox: not everyone carrying excess weight develops the same metabolic complications. Some individuals remain metabolically healthy (MHO), while others progress to metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), facing severe risks like diabetes and heart disease. This critical review assesses the genetic underpinnings of this crucial distinction, focusing on the leptin receptor (LEPR), a key component in the regulation of our body's energy balance. Leptin, a hormone from fat cells, signals satiety through the LEPR. When genetic variations (polymorphisms) in LEPR disrupt this delicate signalling, it can lead to leptin resistance, a state contributing to weight gain and metabolic dysfunction. This review critically evaluates the evidence for how specific LEPR polymorphisms may influence the phenotypic divergence between MHO and MUO, highlighting the complex and population-specific nature of these associations. While variants like Q223R show inconsistent associations, others, such as K656N (rs8179183) and rs3790435, appear to directly contribute to the MUO phenotype by affecting fat distribution and inflammatory pathways. Understanding these genetic influences is paramount, as it shifts our view of obesity from a monolithic condition to a spectrum, revealing how individual genetic predispositions can dictate metabolic resilience or vulnerability. This work is crucial for developing more precise risk assessments and personalized interventions, ultimately paving the way for more effective strategies to promote metabolic health and mitigate the diverse impacts of obesity.
{"title":"Leptin receptor polymorphisms: Unravelling the genetic modulators of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity","authors":"Isar Sharma , Ritu Mahajan , Nisha Kapoor","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity, a widespread health concern, presents a clinical paradox: not everyone carrying excess weight develops the same metabolic complications. Some individuals remain metabolically healthy (MHO), while others progress to metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), facing severe risks like diabetes and heart disease. This critical review assesses the genetic underpinnings of this crucial distinction, focusing on the leptin receptor (LEPR), a key component in the regulation of our body's energy balance. Leptin, a hormone from fat cells, signals satiety through the LEPR. When genetic variations (polymorphisms) in LEPR disrupt this delicate signalling, it can lead to leptin resistance, a state contributing to weight gain and metabolic dysfunction. This review critically evaluates the evidence for how specific LEPR polymorphisms may influence the phenotypic divergence between MHO and MUO, highlighting the complex and population-specific nature of these associations. While variants like Q223R show inconsistent associations, others, such as K656N (rs8179183) and rs3790435, appear to directly contribute to the MUO phenotype by affecting fat distribution and inflammatory pathways. Understanding these genetic influences is paramount, as it shifts our view of obesity from a monolithic condition to a spectrum, revealing how individual genetic predispositions can dictate metabolic resilience or vulnerability. This work is crucial for developing more precise risk assessments and personalized interventions, ultimately paving the way for more effective strategies to promote metabolic health and mitigate the diverse impacts of obesity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100660"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145417219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100658
Mona Abdel-Bary , Andrea Brody , Jenna Schmitt , Karen Prieto , Amy Wetzel , Yen-Yi Juo
Introduction
Nearly half of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP1RA) usage were discontinued within two years. We seek to investigate the reasons and consequences of unplanned GLP1RA discontinuation.
Materials and methods
This is a retrospective cohort study of adults who discontinued GLP1RA obesity treatment between 2022 and 2024.
Results
A total of 130 patients fitted our inclusion criteria. At the time GLP1RA was discontinued, the mean (Standard Deviation) total weight loss was −2.26 (8.20)%, ranging from −24.52 % to 11.79 %. Over the next twelve months, 85 patients (65.38 %) gained weight, with mean (SD) weight gain percentage at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months being −1.53 (2.33)%, 2.75 (4.19)%, 3.46 (7.38)%, and 24.44 (10.06)%. Of the 75 patients that had previously lost weight, 37 patients (49.33 %) had exceeded their original weight within a year. A significantly higher proportion of patients without T2DM gained weight than those with T2DM (70.75 % vs 41.67 %, p = .007). Besides diabetes, weight again appeared to occur with no association to demographic, socioeconomic and comorbidity factors.
Conclusion
Real-world weight gain following GLP1RA discontinuation was common, but neither as rapid nor as consistent as predicted by RCT literature. Developing transitional management strategy is crucial for optimizing these patient's weight outcomes.
近一半胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂（GLP1RA）的使用在两年内停止。我们试图调查计划外停用GLP1RA的原因和后果。材料和方法这是一项回顾性队列研究，研究对象是在2022年至2024年间停止GLP1RA肥胖治疗的成年人。结果共有130例患者符合我们的纳入标准。在停用GLP1RA时，平均（标准差）总体重减轻为- 2.26(8.20)%，范围为- 24.52%至11.79%。在接下来的12个月里，85名患者（65.38%）体重增加，在1、3、6和12个月的平均（SD）体重增加百分比分别为- 1.53(2.33)%、2.75(4.19)%、3.46(7.38)%和24.44(10.06)%。在75例减肥患者中，37例（49.33%）患者在一年内体重超过了原来的体重。非T2DM患者体重增加的比例明显高于T2DM患者（70.75% vs 41.67%, p = 0.007）。除糖尿病外，体重似乎与人口统计学、社会经济和合并症因素无关。结论：GLP1RA停药后体重增加是常见的，但不像RCT文献预测的那样迅速和一致。制定过渡性管理策略对于优化这些患者的体重结果至关重要。
{"title":"Real-world weight change pattern after glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist discontinuation: A 1-year observational study","authors":"Mona Abdel-Bary , Andrea Brody , Jenna Schmitt , Karen Prieto , Amy Wetzel , Yen-Yi Juo","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Nearly half of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP1RA) usage were discontinued within two years. We seek to investigate the reasons and consequences of unplanned GLP1RA discontinuation.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This is a retrospective cohort study of adults who discontinued GLP1RA obesity treatment between 2022 and 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 130 patients fitted our inclusion criteria. At the time GLP1RA was discontinued, the mean (Standard Deviation) total weight loss was −2.26 (8.20)%, ranging from −24.52 % to 11.79 %. Over the next twelve months, 85 patients (65.38 %) gained weight, with mean (SD) weight gain percentage at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months being −1.53 (2.33)%, 2.75 (4.19)%, 3.46 (7.38)%, and 24.44 (10.06)%. Of the 75 patients that had previously lost weight, 37 patients (49.33 %) had exceeded their original weight within a year. A significantly higher proportion of patients without T2DM gained weight than those with T2DM (70.75 % vs 41.67 %, p = .007). Besides diabetes, weight again appeared to occur with no association to demographic, socioeconomic and comorbidity factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Real-world weight gain following GLP1RA discontinuation was common, but neither as rapid nor as consistent as predicted by RCT literature. Developing transitional management strategy is crucial for optimizing these patient's weight outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100658"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145417220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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