Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2026.100683
Andrej Belančić , Bojan Jelaković
{"title":"Beyond class effects: The need for agent-level stratification and hierarchical composite analysis in cardiovascular outcome trials","authors":"Andrej Belančić , Bojan Jelaković","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2026.100683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2026.100683","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100683"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This narrative review examines the rising prevalence of obesity among young adults (YA) in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), highlighting the unique challenges in managing this condition. The review is based on a comprehensive search of literature from 2005 to 2025, identifying factors such as lifestyle shifts, socio-economic status, genetics, and early life influences, including maternal and childhood obesity. The implications extend beyond health, impacting psychosocial well-being and economic stability, further straining healthcare systems. While lifestyle modification remains the most feasible and sustainable management strategy, the uptake of pharmacological and surgical options is limited by affordability, infrastructure, and social acceptance. The review emphasises the need for community-based interventions, supportive policies, and greater awareness to address the growing burden. A coordinated approach at the individual, community, and policy levels is essential to developing effective and sustainable strategies to manage obesity in young adults in these regions.
{"title":"Challenges and management of obesity in young adults: Perspectives from low and middle-income countries","authors":"Wareesha Anwar , Piyush Ranjan , Anita Malhotra , Archana Kumari","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This narrative review examines the rising prevalence of obesity among young adults (YA) in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), highlighting the unique challenges in managing this condition. The review is based on a comprehensive search of literature from 2005 to 2025, identifying factors such as lifestyle shifts, socio-economic status, genetics, and early life influences, including maternal and childhood obesity. The implications extend beyond health, impacting psychosocial well-being and economic stability, further straining healthcare systems. While lifestyle modification remains the most feasible and sustainable management strategy, the uptake of pharmacological and surgical options is limited by affordability, infrastructure, and social acceptance. The review emphasises the need for community-based interventions, supportive policies, and greater awareness to address the growing burden. A coordinated approach at the individual, community, and policy levels is essential to developing effective and sustainable strategies to manage obesity in young adults in these regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100682"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2026.100684
Tariq Chukir , Aya Khalil , Noor Suleiman , Odette Chagoury , Shahrad Taheri
Aims
This study aims to describe weight and metabolic outcomes beyond 2 years in adolescents treated with liraglutide or bariatric surgery.
Methods
This retrospective study included adolescents aged 12–17 years with obesity who were prescribed liraglutide or underwent bariatric surgery at the Qatar Metabolic Institute between 2017 and 2022. Outcomes included changes in hemoglobin A1C, blood pressure, cholesterol and percentage change in body mass index (BMI).
Results
Long-term data were available for 42 liraglutide-treated and 48 surgically-treated adolescents. The mean age was 15.6 ± 1.5 years in the liraglutide group and 15.3 ± 1.5 years in the surgery group, with baseline BMI values of 44.3 ± 7.6 and 47.3 ± 7.4 kg/m2, respectively. Adolescents treated with liraglutide achieved a nadir BMI reduction of −6.4 %[IQR–13.7,–2.2], which attenuated to a final reduction of −5.0 ± 16.7 % after 4.3 years. The most common reasons for non-continuous use were personal choice(28 %) and gastrointestinal side effects(20%). Adolescents who underwent bariatric surgery achieved a substantial nadir BMI reduction of 24.1 ± 16.8 %, which was sustained over time, with a final mean BMI reduction of 24.7 ± 17.1 % after approximately 4.6 years of follow-up. Both liraglutide treatment and bariatric surgery were associated with significant improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors.
Conclusion
This is the first study to report outcomes with liraglutide use in adolescents with obesity extending to nearly 5 years. Our findings provide timely and practical insights into the long-term outcomes with liraglutide in the adolescent population.
{"title":"A single centre retrospective study of the long-term real-world body weight responses to liraglutide or bariatric surgery in adolescents with obesity","authors":"Tariq Chukir , Aya Khalil , Noor Suleiman , Odette Chagoury , Shahrad Taheri","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2026.100684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2026.100684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study aims to describe weight and metabolic outcomes beyond 2 years in adolescents treated with liraglutide or bariatric surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included adolescents aged 12–17 years with obesity who were prescribed liraglutide or underwent bariatric surgery at the Qatar Metabolic Institute between 2017 and 2022. Outcomes included changes in hemoglobin A1C, blood pressure, cholesterol and percentage change in body mass index (BMI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Long-term data were available for 42 liraglutide-treated and 48 surgically-treated adolescents. The mean age was 15.6 ± 1.5 years in the liraglutide group and 15.3 ± 1.5 years in the surgery group, with baseline BMI values of 44.3 ± 7.6 and 47.3 ± 7.4 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Adolescents treated with liraglutide achieved a nadir BMI reduction of −6.4 %[IQR–13.7,–2.2], which attenuated to a final reduction of −5.0 ± 16.7 % after 4.3 years. The most common reasons for non-continuous use were personal choice(28 %) and gastrointestinal side effects(20%). Adolescents who underwent bariatric surgery achieved a substantial nadir BMI reduction of 24.1 ± 16.8 %, which was sustained over time, with a final mean BMI reduction of 24.7 ± 17.1 % after approximately 4.6 years of follow-up. Both liraglutide treatment and bariatric surgery were associated with significant improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the first study to report outcomes with liraglutide use in adolescents with obesity extending to nearly 5 years. Our findings provide timely and practical insights into the long-term outcomes with liraglutide in the adolescent population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100684"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2026.100686
Polu Picheswara Rao
Purpose of review
This review examines the transformative impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in obesity management and evaluates emerging next-generation pharmacotherapies that are reshaping treatment paradigms. We synthesize current evidence on mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and integration strategies to provide clinicians and researchers with comprehensive guidance on modern obesity pharmacotherapy.
Recent findings
GLP-1 RAs, particularly semaglutide 2.4 mg, demonstrate unprecedented weight loss efficacy of 14.9% in clinical trials, surpassing traditional interventions. The dual GLP-1/GIP agonist tirzepatide achieves even superior outcomes with up to 22.5% weight reduction. Beyond weight loss, these agents provide substantial cardiovascular benefits, including 14% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events and significant improvements in heart failure outcomes. Emerging triple agonists like retatrutide show promising 24% weight loss in early trials. Novel delivery systems, including oral formulations and extended-release preparations, are expanding treatment accessibility. Real-world studies confirm sustained efficacy but highlight challenges including cost barriers, supply shortages, and variable insurance coverage.
Summary
GLP-1 RAs represent a paradigm shift in obesity treatment, offering clinically meaningful weight loss with significant cardiometabolic benefits. Next-generation multi-agonist therapies promise enhanced efficacy through targeting multiple hormonal pathways. Successful clinical integration requires addressing implementation challenges including cost-effectiveness, patient selection, and long-term safety monitoring. These advances position pharmacotherapy as a cornerstone of comprehensive obesity management, complementing lifestyle and surgical interventions in a chronic disease treatment model.
{"title":"Revolutionizing obesity treatment: The emerging role of GLP-1 receptor agonists and next-generation pharmacotherapies","authors":"Polu Picheswara Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2026.100686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2026.100686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose of review</h3><div>This review examines the transformative impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in obesity management and evaluates emerging next-generation pharmacotherapies that are reshaping treatment paradigms. We synthesize current evidence on mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and integration strategies to provide clinicians and researchers with comprehensive guidance on modern obesity pharmacotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Recent findings</h3><div>GLP-1 RAs, particularly semaglutide 2.4 mg, demonstrate unprecedented weight loss efficacy of 14.9% in clinical trials, surpassing traditional interventions. The dual GLP-1/GIP agonist tirzepatide achieves even superior outcomes with up to 22.5% weight reduction. Beyond weight loss, these agents provide substantial cardiovascular benefits, including 14% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events and significant improvements in heart failure outcomes. Emerging triple agonists like retatrutide show promising 24% weight loss in early trials. Novel delivery systems, including oral formulations and extended-release preparations, are expanding treatment accessibility. Real-world studies confirm sustained efficacy but highlight challenges including cost barriers, supply shortages, and variable insurance coverage.</div></div><div><h3>Summary</h3><div>GLP-1 RAs represent a paradigm shift in obesity treatment, offering clinically meaningful weight loss with significant cardiometabolic benefits. Next-generation multi-agonist therapies promise enhanced efficacy through targeting multiple hormonal pathways. Successful clinical integration requires addressing implementation challenges including cost-effectiveness, patient selection, and long-term safety monitoring. These advances position pharmacotherapy as a cornerstone of comprehensive obesity management, complementing lifestyle and surgical interventions in a chronic disease treatment model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100686"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2026.100687
Ronnie Thomas , Prashanth Varkey Ambooken , Asina Palakuzhy Abdurahman , Mathew John , Rahul Thampi , Muni Rubens
Introduction
Chronic low-grade inflammation is central to the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic disorders, and identifying circulating inflammatory biomarkers may facilitate early risk stratification and targeted preventive strategies. This study investigated whether salivary mRNA expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) differ between obese and non-obese individuals and examined their associations with glycemic status and β-cell function.
Methods
Salivary mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Bivariate analyses explored fold-change differences across glycemic categories, obesity status, and C-peptide levels, and adjusted logistic regression models were employed to assess independent associations with metabolic outcomes, controlling for age, sex, smoking, periodontal disease, and co-variables.
Results
Multinomial logistic regression showed that IL-6 mRNA fold-change was independently associated with obesity (aOR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.09–2.08) and overweight (aOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.11–2.16), while TNF-α was independently associated with overweight (aOR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.03–2.92); however, no significant associations were found between cytokine expression and glycemic status or C-peptide to glucose ratio.
Conclusion
Salivary mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α may serve as non-invasive biomarkers for obesity-associated inflammation, supporting their potential utility in metabolic risk stratification, although their role in early glycemic dysregulation warrants further investigation.
{"title":"Gene expression levels of salivary inflammatory markers and their association with obesity, glycemic status, and beta cell function","authors":"Ronnie Thomas , Prashanth Varkey Ambooken , Asina Palakuzhy Abdurahman , Mathew John , Rahul Thampi , Muni Rubens","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2026.100687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2026.100687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Chronic low-grade inflammation is central to the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic disorders, and identifying circulating inflammatory biomarkers may facilitate early risk stratification and targeted preventive strategies. This study investigated whether salivary mRNA expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) differ between obese and non-obese individuals and examined their associations with glycemic status and β-cell function.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Salivary mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Bivariate analyses explored fold-change differences across glycemic categories, obesity status, and C-peptide levels, and adjusted logistic regression models were employed to assess independent associations with metabolic outcomes, controlling for age, sex, smoking, periodontal disease, and co-variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Multinomial logistic regression showed that IL-6 mRNA fold-change was independently associated with obesity (aOR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.09–2.08) and overweight (aOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.11–2.16), while TNF-α was independently associated with overweight (aOR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.03–2.92); however, no significant associations were found between cytokine expression and glycemic status or C-peptide to glucose ratio.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Salivary mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α may serve as non-invasive biomarkers for obesity-associated inflammation, supporting their potential utility in metabolic risk stratification, although their role in early glycemic dysregulation warrants further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100687"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100670
Muhammad Wajid Siddique, Muhammad Abdullah Cheema
{"title":"Using waist-to-height ratio to detect early central obesity in school-aged adolescents","authors":"Muhammad Wajid Siddique, Muhammad Abdullah Cheema","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100670","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100670"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100673
Tannaz Jamialahamdi , Elaheh Mirhadi , Mohammed A. Abdalla , Vasily N. Sukhorukov , Aida Tasbandi , Wael Almahmeed , Salim S. Virani , Amirhossein Sahebkar
Introduction
The global increase in obesity has spurred a rise in bariatric surgeries, now deemed one of the most effective treatments for obesity and its associated metabolic issues, including dyslipidemia. Numerous studies have shown that bariatric surgery, particularly Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG), leads to significant improvements in obesity-related comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver, sleep apnea, and arthritis.
Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of SG on the lipid profiles.
Data source
We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar from inception to May 20th, 2024.
Studies selection
Studies were deemed eligible if they involved individuals with severe obesity undergoing SG and reported data on lipid profile at baseline and follow-up for at least 5 years.
Data extraction
Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias.
Results
Of the 4922 articles identified from our database search, 15 articles measuring lipid profiles following SG met our inclusion criteria for the analysis. SG showed a nonsignificant effect on mean TC at ≥ 5 years compared with baseline (Weighted mean difference (WMD): −4.944 mg/dl, 95 % CI: −19.78 9.901, p = 0.514; I2:97.95), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C (WMD: −3.843 mg/dl, 95 % CI: −10.092, 2.407, 95 % PI: −28.917, 21.232 p = 0.228; I2:87.85). However, there was a significant reduction in the mean TG (WMD: −43.079 mg/dl, 95 % CI: −51.735, −34.422, 95 % PI: −76.111, −10.046 p < 0.001; I2:83.72), and increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: 11.182 mg/dl, 95 % CI: 6.609, 15.755, 95 % PI: −8.497, 30.861 p < 0.001; I2:91.43).
Conclusion
SG significantly improved and sustained the effect on TG and HDL-C at 5-years and beyond, post-surgery with no effect on LDL-C and TC.
全球肥胖的增加刺激了减肥手术的增加，减肥手术现在被认为是治疗肥胖及其相关代谢问题（包括血脂异常）最有效的方法之一。大量研究表明，减肥手术，特别是袖胃切除术（SG），可以显著改善与肥胖相关的合并症，如糖尿病、高血压、脂肪肝、睡眠呼吸暂停和关节炎。目的本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在评价SG对血脂的影响。数据来源我们检索了PubMed， Scopus， Web of Science和b谷歌Scholar，检索时间从成立到2024年5月20日。研究选择如果研究涉及接受SG的严重肥胖患者，并报告基线和随访至少5年的脂质数据，则认为研究符合条件。数据提取两名独立审稿人提取数据并评估偏倚风险。结果在数据库检索的4922篇文章中，有15篇采用SG测量血脂的文章符合我们的纳入标准。与基线相比，SG对≥5年的平均TC无显著影响(加权平均差（WMD）： - 4.944 mg/dl, 95% CI: - 19.78 9.901, p = 0.514；低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C） （WMD:−3.843 mg/dl, 95% CI:−10.092,2.407,95% PI:−28.917,21.232 p = 0.228; I2:87.85）。然而，平均TG显著降低（WMD: - 43.079 mg/dl, 95% CI: - 51.735, - 34.422, 95% PI: - 76.111, - 10.046 p < 0.001; I2:83.72），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）升高（WMD: 11.182 mg/dl, 95% CI: 6.609, 15.755, 95% PI: - 8.497, 30.861 p < 0.001; I2:91.43）。结论sg对TG和HDL-C的改善和维持作用在术后5年及以上，对LDL-C和TC无影响。
{"title":"Long-term impact of sleeve gastrectomy on lipid profile: A meta-analysis","authors":"Tannaz Jamialahamdi , Elaheh Mirhadi , Mohammed A. Abdalla , Vasily N. Sukhorukov , Aida Tasbandi , Wael Almahmeed , Salim S. Virani , Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The global increase in obesity has spurred a rise in bariatric surgeries, now deemed one of the most effective treatments for obesity and its associated metabolic issues, including dyslipidemia. Numerous studies have shown that bariatric surgery, particularly Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG), leads to significant improvements in obesity-related comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver, sleep apnea, and arthritis.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of SG on the lipid profiles.</div></div><div><h3>Data source</h3><div>We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar from inception to May 20th, 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Studies selection</h3><div>Studies were deemed eligible if they involved individuals with severe obesity undergoing SG and reported data on lipid profile at baseline and follow-up for at least 5 years.</div></div><div><h3>Data extraction</h3><div>Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 4922 articles identified from our database search, 15 articles measuring lipid profiles following SG met our inclusion criteria for the analysis. SG showed a nonsignificant effect on mean TC at ≥ 5 years compared with baseline (Weighted mean difference (WMD): −4.944 mg/dl, 95 % CI: −19.78 9.901, p = 0.514; I<sup>2</sup>:97.95), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C (WMD: −3.843 mg/dl, 95 % CI: −10.092, 2.407, 95 % PI: −28.917, 21.232 p = 0.228; I<sup>2</sup>:87.85). However, there was a significant reduction in the mean TG (WMD: −43.079 mg/dl, 95 % CI: −51.735, −34.422, 95 % PI: −76.111, −10.046 p < 0.001; I<sup>2</sup>:83.72), and increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: 11.182 mg/dl, 95 % CI: 6.609, 15.755, 95 % PI: −8.497, 30.861 p < 0.001; I<sup>2</sup>:91.43).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SG significantly improved and sustained the effect on TG and HDL-C at 5-years and beyond, post-surgery with no effect on LDL-C and TC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100669
Kizeisile R. Hau, A.K. Roopa, V.M. Vinodhini, P. Renuka
Introduction
Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation that may alter iron metabolism. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, has been studied in obesity, but its relationship with iron remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association of IL-10 with iron status in obese and overweight individuals.
Methods
Cross-sectional observational study was carried with 90 patients undergoing master health screening at SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Tamil Nadu. Subjects were categorized by BMI kg/m2 as healthy controls (BMI 18.5–22.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 23–24.9 kg/m2) and obese group (BMI ≥25 kg/m2).
Results
We found out a significant lower values in IL-10 (p = 0.015), serum Iron (p = 0.020) and transferrin saturation (p = 0.005) among obese group compared to the normal and overweight groups but inverse relationship with BMI (p < 0.001) and serum hs-CRP levels (p < 0.001) was observed. IL-10 shows a negative correlation with BMI (r = −0.256, p = 0.016) and with hs-CRP (r = −0.235, p = 0.028). In addition, no significant correlation was observed between IL-10 and iron, Ferritin, TIBC, and TSAT.
Conclusion
IL-10 levels were not significantly associated with iron parameters in obese and overweight individuals, providing preliminary evidence from an Indian population and underscoring the need for larger and longitudinal studies.
{"title":"Association of Interleukin-10 with iron profile in obese and overweight individuals","authors":"Kizeisile R. Hau, A.K. Roopa, V.M. Vinodhini, P. Renuka","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation that may alter iron metabolism. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, has been studied in obesity, but its relationship with iron remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association of IL-10 with iron status in obese and overweight individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional observational study was carried with 90 patients undergoing master health screening at SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Tamil Nadu. Subjects were categorized by BMI kg/m<sup>2</sup> as healthy controls (BMI 18.5–22.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), overweight (BMI 23–24.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and obese group (BMI ≥25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found out a significant lower values in IL-10 (<em>p</em> = 0.015), serum Iron (<em>p</em> = 0.020) and transferrin saturation (<em>p</em> = 0.005) among obese group compared to the normal and overweight groups but inverse relationship with BMI (<em>p</em> < 0.001) and serum hs-CRP levels (<em>p</em> < 0.001) was observed. IL-10 shows a negative correlation with BMI (r = −0.256, <em>p</em> = 0.016) and with hs-CRP (r = −0.235, <em>p</em> = 0.028). In addition, no significant correlation was observed between IL-10 and iron, Ferritin, TIBC, and TSAT.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>IL-10 levels were not significantly associated with iron parameters in obese and overweight individuals, providing preliminary evidence from an Indian population and underscoring the need for larger and longitudinal studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100669"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100672
N. Pavithra , S. Ankul Singh , Rukaiah Fatma Begum , Krishna Undela , S. Nirenjen , B. Keerthana , Anuragh Singh , R. Mageswari , Sarvesh Sabarathinam
Epsilon (ε) cells represent the rarest endocrine population within the pancreatic islets but serve as the exclusive intra-islet source of ghrelin, a hormone increasingly recognized as a regulator of glucose homeostasis, β-cell function, and lipid metabolism. Once considered primarily an orexigenic signal, ghrelin is now understood to influence intra-islet crosstalk through direct β-cell inhibition and indirect somatostatin-mediated suppression of insulin secretion. Advances in single-cell and multi-omic technologies have refined the molecular identity of ε-cells, uncovering PDX1-low, NKX6.1-negative ghrelin-lineage signatures and non-coding RNA networks that stabilize their fate. ε-cell number and ghrelin output change dynamically across fetal development, adulthood, aging, and metabolic disease. In type 1 diabetes, ε-cell dysfunction occurs against a backdrop of autoimmune β-cell destruction, whereas in type 2 diabetes, impaired ghrelin signaling contributes directly to β-cell failure and metabolic deterioration. Obesity presents a paradox of suppressed circulating ghrelin yet preserved intra-islet activity, mediated partly by the LEAP2–GHSR1a axis. These insights highlight ε-cells as modulators of glucose and energy balance and identify ghrelin-axis interventions, including GHSR antagonists, GOAT inhibitors, and LEAP2 analogs, as emerging therapeutic strategies. This review synthesizes current knowledge on ε-cell biology, their context-dependent roles in diabetes and obesity, and future directions for targeting ε-cell pathways to improve metabolic health.
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