Genesis of Pb–Zn-Ag-Sb mineralization in the Tethys Himalaya, China: Early magmatic-hydrothermal Pb–Zn(-Ag) mineralization overprinted by Sb-rich fluids

IF 4.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Mineralium Deposita Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI:10.1007/s00126-024-01264-5
Xiang Sun, Ru-Yue Li, Hao-Yu Sun, Paul H. Olin, M. Santosh, Bin Fu, Jun Deng
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Abstract

Determining the association of Pb–Zn(-Ag) mineralization with granite is crucial for understanding metallogeny and identifying exploration targets. The genesis of Pb–Zn-Ag-Sb deposits and their genetic association with Sb(-Au) deposits and granite-associated Sn-W deposits in the Tethys Himalaya of southern Tibet, China, remains controversial. Our comprehensive study of in situ element compositions and sulfur isotopes of sulfides, together with in situ quartz oxygen isotopes for the Zhaxikang Pb–Zn-Ag-Sb deposit, sheds light on this issue. LA-ICP-MS analyses of early sulfides in manganosiderite veins, coupled with C-O isotopes of manganosiderite, indicate that the early fluids were enriched in Pb, Zn, Ag, Sb, Sn, and Cu, originating from magmatic fluids mixing with meteoric water. The early formed sulfides underwent fluid-mediated remobilization and dissolution, releasing many metallic elements (e.g., Pb, Zn, and Ag) into later As-Sb-rich fluids. These elements reprecipitated as Fe-poor sphalerite, As-rich pyrite, and abundant Sb-Pb sulfosalts with minor Ag-bearing minerals. Oxygen isotopes of quartz indicate that the later fluids were derived from pulsed releases of magmatic fluids mixing with meteoric water. In situ sulfur isotopes of three generations of pyrite indicate that early Pb–Zn(-Ag) sulfide precipitation was linked to magmatic sulfur, whereas precipitation of the later sulfosalts and stibnite involved external sulfur with relatively lower sulfur isotopes compared with early mineralization. We argue that Pb–Zn-Ag-Sb deposits in the Tethys Himalaya resulted from two distinct mineralization pulses. The early Pb–Zn(-Ag) mineralization was associated with crustal magmatic rocks (e.g., leucogranite), followed by the overprinting of later Sb-rich magmatic fluids. Notably, the later magmatic fluids responsible for Zhaxikang Pb–Zn-Ag-Sb mineralization were also associated with the regional Sb(-Au) deposits in the Tethys Himalaya.

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中国特提斯喜马拉雅山铅锌银锑矿化成因:富锑流体覆盖的早期岩浆-热液铅锌(-银)成矿作用
确定铅锌(-银)矿化与花岗岩的关联对于了解冶金成因和确定勘探目标至关重要。在中国西藏南部的特提斯喜马拉雅地区,铅锌银锡矿床的成因及其与锡(金)矿床和花岗岩伴生锡-钨矿床的成因关系仍存在争议。我们对扎西康铅锌银矿床硫化物的原位元素组成和硫同位素以及原位石英氧同位素进行了全面研究,揭示了这一问题。锰菱铁矿脉中早期硫化物的 LA-ICP-MS 分析以及锰菱铁矿的 C-O 同位素表明,早期流体富含铅、锌、银、锑、锡和铜,源于岩浆流体与陨石水的混合。早期形成的硫化物经过流体介导的再移动和溶解,释放出许多金属元素(如铅、锌和银),进入后来富含砷-锑的流体中。这些元素以贫铁闪锌矿、富砷黄铁矿和大量含铅铅硫铁矿以及少量含砷矿物的形式重新沉淀。石英的氧同位素表明,后来的流体来自岩浆流体与陨石水混合后的脉冲释放。三代黄铁矿的原位硫同位素表明,早期铅锌(-Ag)硫化物的沉淀与岩浆硫有关,而后期硫铁矿和闪长岩的沉淀则与外部硫有关,与早期成矿作用相比,硫同位素相对较低。我们认为,特提斯喜马拉雅山的铅锌银锑矿床是由两个不同的成矿脉冲形成的。早期的铅锌(-银)矿化与地壳岩浆岩(如白云岩)有关,随后被后期富含锑的岩浆流体覆盖。值得注意的是,造成扎西康铅锌银矿化的后期岩浆流体也与特提斯喜马拉雅地区的区域性铅(金)矿床有关。
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来源期刊
Mineralium Deposita
Mineralium Deposita 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
6.20%
发文量
61
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The journal Mineralium Deposita introduces new observations, principles, and interpretations from the field of economic geology, including nonmetallic mineral deposits, experimental and applied geochemistry, with emphasis on mineral deposits. It offers short and comprehensive articles, review papers, brief original papers, scientific discussions and news, as well as reports on meetings of importance to mineral research. The emphasis is on high-quality content and form for all articles and on international coverage of subject matter.
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