Uniquely human intelligence arose from expanded information capacity

IF 16.8 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI:10.1038/s44159-024-00283-3
Jessica F. Cantlon, Steven T. Piantadosi
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Abstract

Most theories of how human cognition is unique propose specific representational capacities or biases, often thought to arise through evolutionary change. In this Perspective, we argue that the evidence that supports these domain-specific theories is confounded by general information-processing differences. We argue that human uniqueness arises through genetic quantitative increases in the global capacity to process information and share it among systems such as memory, attention and learning. This change explains regularities across numerous subdomains of cognition, behavioural comparisons between species and phenomena in child development. This strict evolutionary continuity theory of human intelligence is consistent with comparative evidence about neural evolution and computational constraints of memory on the ability to represent rules, patterns and abstract generalizations. We show how these differences in the degree of information processing capacity yield differences in kind for human cognition relative to other animals. Theories of how human cognition differs from that of non-human animals often posit domain-specific advantages. In this Perspective, Cantlon and Piantadosi posit that differences in domain-general information capacity underlie uniquely human capacities.
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人类独特的智慧源于信息容量的扩大
关于人类认知如何具有独特性的大多数理论都提出了特定的表征能力或偏差,通常认为这些能力或偏差是通过进化变化产生的。在本《视角》中,我们认为,支持这些特定领域理论的证据受到了一般信息处理差异的干扰。我们认为,人类的独特性源于处理信息并在记忆、注意力和学习等系统之间共享信息的整体能力的遗传定量增长。这种变化解释了认知的众多子领域、物种间的行为比较和儿童发展现象的规律性。人类智力的这种严格进化连续性理论与神经进化的比较证据以及记忆对规则、模式和抽象概括能力的计算限制是一致的。我们展示了这些信息处理能力程度上的差异是如何产生人类认知相对于其他动物在种类上的差异的。关于人类认知如何不同于非人类动物的理论通常认为人类具有特定领域的优势。在本视角中,坎特隆和皮安塔多西认为,领域通用信息能力的差异是人类独特能力的基础。
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